scholarly journals Canada’s Response to the “War on Terror”: A New Era of National Security, Erosion of Rights and Racial Injustice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheeda Rahman

Echoing Canada's historical treatment of immigrants, the post- 9/11 era has brought terrorism and national security issues to the forefront of the political agenda by dividing immigrants based on race, colour, religion and country of origin (Kruger, Mulder and Korenic, 2004). The research critically examines the major security legislation employed by the Canadian government since the events of September 11, 2001, in order to highlight the impact on marginalized communitites, in particular "Muslims" and "Arabs". The paper will examine through key informant interviews, the affect the new security agenda has had on targeted individuals and on the advocacy efforts of social movements and social activists. The paper takes the position that this new era of national security undertaken by the state has resulted in a two-tiered justice system, where certain groups are now being targeted by government and security agencies, while there is an erosion of democratic rights of all Canadians.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheeda Rahman

Echoing Canada's historical treatment of immigrants, the post- 9/11 era has brought terrorism and national security issues to the forefront of the political agenda by dividing immigrants based on race, colour, religion and country of origin (Kruger, Mulder and Korenic, 2004). The research critically examines the major security legislation employed by the Canadian government since the events of September 11, 2001, in order to highlight the impact on marginalized communitites, in particular "Muslims" and "Arabs". The paper will examine through key informant interviews, the affect the new security agenda has had on targeted individuals and on the advocacy efforts of social movements and social activists. The paper takes the position that this new era of national security undertaken by the state has resulted in a two-tiered justice system, where certain groups are now being targeted by government and security agencies, while there is an erosion of democratic rights of all Canadians.


2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-160
Author(s):  
Peter Svik

This article assesses the role of the Czechoslovak coup d’état in February 1948 in the establishment of the Brussels Pact a month later and formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in April 1949. The article places these developments in the larger context of post-1945 national security policymaking in several countries, weighing the impact of the Czechoslovak coup on relations among seven countries on national security issues at the outset of the Cold War: Czechoslovakia, France, the United Kingdom, the three Benelux countries, and the United States. The article shows that the only proper way to evaluate the effect of the Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia on the formation of the Western alliance is by looking at the considerations present in each country and seeing how they interacted with one another. The Czechoslovak factor varied in its magnitude from country to country.


Author(s):  
Ho Peng Kwang ◽  
Johan Shamsuddin Bin Hj Sabaruddin ◽  
Saroja Dhanapal

Abstract: Changes in the legislative framework in response to terrorist threats in Malaysia, India and the United Kingdom since the 9/11 attacks have witnessed the integration of national security issues and criminal justice to form part of the extraordinary security laws passed by the authorities. This integration has rested on the premise that terrorism is an unprecedented threat and so it requires legislation tailored to what has been called as a ‘new paradigm in prevention. The criminal law has largely, though not exclusively, focused only on dealing with crimes that have already  taken  place. However, the reason for the shift in states emphasis towards prevention in counter-terrorism is that terrorism is an extraordinary threat that calls for a special response. A unique theme of most anti-terror legislations is focusing on what is referred to by the government as ‘prevention’ - hoping to foil foreseeable attacks from the terrorists. However, the key concern is the impact on the Rule of Law values when applying the anti-terror laws. This article argues that the preventive methods adopted by Malaysia, India and the United Kingdom are  effective in forestalling terrorist activities to  a certain extent, but often this comes at a high price to pay when individual human rights are sacrificed along the way. Further, anti-terror legislation has degraded the Rule of Law values in response to terrorism threat or national security.   Keywords: Rule of Law, Terrorism; National security; Preventive detention; POTA 2015.   Abstrak: Perubahan dalam struktur perundangan sebagai tindak balas kepada ancaman keganasan di negara seperti Malaysia, India dan United Kingdom selepas serangan  9/11  menyaksikan isu keselamatan negara dan undang-undang jenayah telah diintegrasikan untuk membentuk satu undang-undang keselamatan baharu yang agak luar biasa yang diiktiraf oleh pihak berkuasa. Integrasi ini berlandaskan premis bahawa keganasan ialah satu ancaman yang dipandang serius dan memerlukan undang-undang yang bersesuaian untuk membendungnya yang dirujuk sebagai satu ‘paradigma baharu pencegahan’. Pada lazimnya, undang-undang jenayah hanya tertumpu kepada menangani jenayah yang telah berlaku dan tidak memberi tumpuan kepada jenayah yang bakal dilakukan oleh pengganas. Oleh sebab itu, satu perubahan telah dilihat apabila penekanan terhadap pencegahan dalam membendung keganasan oleh negara-negara yang dikaji adalah kerana keganasan dianggap sebagai ancaman luar biasa dan memerlukan tindak balas khas. Dalam undang-undang antikeganasan, tema unik yang diberi perhatian oleh kerajaan adalah kepada langkah pencegahan dengan  harapan  ia  dapat  mematahkan  cubaan  serangan yang dirancang oleh pihak pengganas. Walau bagaimanapun, keprihatinan utama ialah kesan ke atas peraturan Undang-undang apabila undang-undang antikeganasan dilaksanakan. Artikel ini berpendapat bahawa kaedah pencegahan yang diterima pakai  oleh negara seperti Malaysia, India dan United Kingdom berkesan dalam menghalang kegiatan pengganas pada tahap tertentu, tetapi malangnya selalu melibatkan pengorbanan hak asasi individu. Tambahan pula, undang-undang antikeganasan telah menggugat nilai-nilai peraturan undang-undang susulan daripada tindak balas yang diambil terhadap ancaman daripada keganasan atau untuk keselamatan negara.   Kata Kunci: Peraturan undang-undang; Keganasan; Keselamatan negara; Tahanan pencegahan; POTA 2015


Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.


Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Nita Patil ◽  
Zoya Javed ◽  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
Gyan Tripathi ◽  
...  

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. IERUSALIMSKY ◽  
◽  
A.B. RUDAKOV ◽  

The article is devoted to the study of such an important aspect of the activities of the World Russian People's Council (until 1995 it was called the World Russian Council) in the 90-s of the 20-th century as a discussion of national security issues and nuclear disarmament. At that time, a number of political and public figures actively called for the nuclear disarmament of Russia. Founded in 1993, the World Russian Council called for the Russian Federation to maintain a reasonable balance between reducing the arms race and fighting for the resumption of detente in international relations, on the one hand, and maintaining a powerful nuclear component of the armed forces of the country, on the other. The resolutions of the World Russian Council and the World Russian People's Council on the problems of the new concepts formation of foreign policy and national security of Russia in the context of NATO's eastward movement are analyzed in the article. It also shows the relationship between the provisions of the WRNS on security and nuclear weapons issues with Chapter VIII of the «Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church».


Author(s):  
Roniger Luis

This book has explored how the transformed cultural domains of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay have been affected by postexilic relocations and transnational migrant displacements. By analyzing the role, work, public standing, and institutional insertion of those intellectuals, cultural, and political actors, and by incorporating their direct testimonial statements, the book drew attention to the relevance of studying postauthoritarian developments through the lens of individual and collective participation in public life. It empirically documented the impact of many intellectuals, academics, artists, and political and social activists who left primarily due to political circumstances and the different trajectories they followed. The analysis also stressed the development of the new diasporas as bridges, reflecting the irreversibility of historical events that opened these societies, at varying degrees, to global forces and networks to an extent unknown in the not-too-distant past.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Maximilian Kardung ◽  
Kutay Cingiz ◽  
Ortwin Costenoble ◽  
Roel Delahaye ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
...  

The EU’s 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy Update and the European Green Deal recently confirmed that the bioeconomy is high on the political agenda in Europe. Here, we propose a conceptual analysis framework for quantifying and analyzing the development of the EU bioeconomy. The bioeconomy has several related concepts (e.g., bio-based economy, green economy, and circular economy) and there are clear synergies between these concepts, especially between the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts. Analyzing the driving factors provides important information for monitoring activities. We first derive the scope of the bioeconomy framework in terms of bioeconomy sectors and products to be involved, the needed geographical coverage and resolution, and time period. Furthermore, we outline a set of indicators linked to the objectives of the EU’s bioeconomy strategy. In our framework, measuring developments will, in particular, focus on the bio-based sectors within the bioeconomy as biomass and food production is already monitored. The selected indicators commit to the EU Bioeconomy Strategy objectives and conform with findings from previous studies and stakeholder consultation. Additionally, several new indicators have been suggested and they are related to measuring the impact of changes in supply, demand drivers, resource availability, and policies on sustainability goals.


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