scholarly journals Analysis of Thermostat Design for Vertical Fan Coil Units Within Modern Window-Wall Condominium Suites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Terminal Equipment

The aim for this research is to identify the issues with poor thermostat designs in a window-wall condominium suite during cooling season, and to investigate how low-cost changes in the design can improve occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption, and increase terminal equipment service life. Temperature logging and fan coil operation monitoring procedures were carried out during the peak cooling season in a sample condominium suite located in Toronto, Ontario. Data was collected and analyzed presenting the effects of thermostat installation in proximity of an exterior window-wall and supply air diffuser, and system durability concerns of implementing a proportional-based algorithm via pulse width modulation. Several design changes have been proposed that can be implemented at negligible cost during construction design and are expected to lead to comfort and system improvements during the cooling season.

scholarly journals Analysis of Thermostat Design for Vertical Fan Coil Units Within Modern Window-Wall Condominium Suites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Terminal Equipment

The aim for this research is to identify the issues with poor thermostat designs in a window-wall condominium suite during cooling season, and to investigate how low-cost changes in the design can improve occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption, and increase terminal equipment service life. Temperature logging and fan coil operation monitoring procedures were carried out during the peak cooling season in a sample condominium suite located in Toronto, Ontario. Data was collected and analyzed presenting the effects of thermostat installation in proximity of an exterior window-wall and supply air diffuser, and system durability concerns of implementing a proportional-based algorithm via pulse width modulation. Several design changes have been proposed that can be implemented at negligible cost during construction design and are expected to lead to comfort and system improvements during the cooling season.

scholarly journals A Simplified PWM Technique for Reduced Switch Count Multilevel Inverter

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Adireddy Ramesh, ◽  
O. Chandra Sekhar ◽  
M. Siva Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Harmonic ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Multilevel Inverters ◽  
Voltage Application ◽  
Protection Circuits

<p>Penetration of multilevel inverters (MLI) in to high power and medium voltage application has been increasing because of its advantages. The conventional two levels inverter has high harmonic distortion which gives poor power quality. Lot of topologies has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of a two level inverter. These topologies include more number of switching devices which increases the design complexity and cost. The optimum design of inverter requires less number of switches with better quality in waveform. In this paper, a symmetrical five level and seven levels inverter configuration with simplified pulse width modulation technique is proposed. This proposed inverter requires less switches, less protection circuits along with low cost and size. The analysis of the inverter circuits is done by using Matlab/Simulink software. The synthesized staircase wave form is shown and total harmonic distortion (THD) is also measured.</p>

scholarly journals MPPT-Based Single Phase Solar String Inverter

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3639-3643
Author(s):  
Pervala Arundhathi
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Digital Home

A microcontroller primarily based totally method of producing a sine wave from the sun panel output is designed and carried out on this paper the usage of a two-degree topology for a sun string inverter. This paper offers the improvement of a most energy factor tracking (MPPT) and manipulate circuit for a unmarried section inverter the usage of a pulse width modulation (PWM) IC. The elegance of this configuration is the removal of a complicated circuitry to generate oscillation pulses for transistor switches. The controller IC TL494 is capable of generate the vital waveforms to manipulate the frequency of inverter via right use of switching pulse. The DC to AC inversion is correctly completed along the switching signals; the circuit produced inverter output of frequency almost 50 Hz. The major goal of the proposed method is to layout a low cost, low harmonics voltage supply inverter basically targeted upon low energy digital home equipment the usage of variable sun energy as inputs.

scholarly journals PWM as a Low Cost Method for the Analog Control of MEMS Devices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Pollock ◽  
Lawrence Barrett ◽  
Pablo G. del Corro ◽  
Alexander Stange ◽  
Thomas G. Bifano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Analog Control ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Analog Voltage

In this paper we discuss the use of pulse width modulation (PWM) to control analog MEMS devices. We achieve precise linear analog control of MEMS by applying a PWM signal with a frequency well above the system's mechanical natural frequency. We first demonstrate this using a parallel plate actuator and comb-drive, then extend the technique to control a commerical deformable mirror. Such an approach allows the system designer to replace expensive drive electronics such as high precision DACs and high voltage, linear amplifiers with a simple on-off switch. Advancements in the electronics industry tend to make precise timing cheaper and faster; our approach exploits these long term trends to create low cost control circuits. We also show how PWM control can linearize the positional response of devices where typically the position would depend quadratically on the applied, analog voltage.

scholarly journals Design and implement of pulse width modulation with low-cost hardware in the loop

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Qasim Al Azze ◽  
Mohammed Hasan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Voltage Waveform ◽  
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Three Phases

<p>The paper presents a low-cost hardware in the loop based on Arduino. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) designing, analyzing, and implementation is experimented as hardware in the loop. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation implementation via MATLAB\Simulation demonstrates in this work. In this paper, Arduino Mega2560 platform, microcontroller, introduce as hardware. A comparative study of the both techniques is presented. Arduino interfaces with PC Target MATLAB environment. Three phases Voltage Source Inverter directs by the generated pulses that loads with three phases RLC. The obtaining output current and voltage waveform of RLC load of Hardware-in-the-Loop validates to the MATLAB\simulation output waveform. The compering shows the output waveforms are primarily having the same pattern. Arduino consider as the lost cost as microcontroller which could be used in real application.</p>

scholarly journals Modified digital space vector pulse width modulation realization on low-cost FPGA platform with optimization for 3-phase voltage source inverter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Shalini Vashishtha ◽  
Rekha K. R.
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Switching Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Generation Unit

The realization of power electronic applications on hardware is a challenging task. The digital control circuit strategies are used to overcome the analog control strategies by providing great flexibility with simple equipment and higher switching frequencies. In this manuscript, an area optimized, modified digital space vector (DSV) pulse width modulation is designed and realized on low-cost FPGA. The modified digital space vector pulse width modulation (DSVPWM) uses a phase-locked loop (PLL) to generate clocks using the digital clock manager (DCM). These DCM clocks are used in the DSVPWM module to synchronize the other sub-modules. The voltage generation unit generates the three-phase (3-Ф) voltages and is used in the alpha-beta generation and sector determination unit. The reference active vectors are made by the reference generation unit and used in switching time calculation. The PWM pulses are generated using switching time generation, and lastly, the dead time occurrence unit generates the final SVPWM gate pulses. The modified DSVPWM is synthesized and implemented on Spartan-3E FPGA. The modified DSVPWM utilizes 17% slices, works at 102.45 MHz, and consumes 0.070 W total power. The simulation results and the resource utilization of modified DSVPWM are represented in detail. The modified DSVPWM is compared with existing PWM approaches on different Spartan-series FPGAs with better chip area improvement

scholarly journals Virtual Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Asymmetric T-Type Neutral Point Clamped 3-Level Inverter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nam Xuan Doan ◽  
Nho Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Vector Diagram ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Obvious Benefit

This paper proposes a novel 3-phase asymmetric 3-level T-type NPC inverter and studies its PWM performance using a virtual space vector pulse width modulation control strategy. Firstly, the mathematical model and characteristics of this economical topology are described. Then, a virtual space vector approach is proposed to build a space vector diagram for designing SVPWM control. Similar to the conventional 3-level NPC inverter, the asymmetric inverter can also work with the neutral point voltage self-balancing in a fundamental period, which enables employment of this topology in various applications. Finally, simulation and experiment results under different load conditions have shown good output performance of the asymmetric 3-level topology. Similar tests are also performed on both conventional 2-level and 3-level inverters for comparison. For an almost similar number of different voltage vectors in the space vector diagram, the asymmetric 3-level topology can compete with conventional 3-level inverters for low-cost applications. The obvious benefit of the asymmetric 3-level inverter is a smaller number of switches devices while it can achieve output performance similar to that of the conventional 3-level. The comparative investigation also shows that the total loss given by SVPWM for the asymmetric 3-level configuration is lower than that of the traditional 3-level inverter.

scholarly journals Effect of Airtightness on Thermal Loads in Legacy Low-Income Housing

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo ◽  
Jesica Fernández-Agüera ◽  
Miguel Ángel Campano ◽  
Ignacio Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Comfort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Death Count

Spain’s high winter weather-associated death count, the second largest in Europe, can be attributed primarily to the low construction standards of its social housing, particularly the stock built prior to the entry into effect of the earliest statutory provisions on envelope quality. Hence, improving building envelopes to both reduce energy consumption and raise occupant comfort levels is important. Air leakage is one of the factors with the greatest impact on indoor comfort and domestic energy consumption. This study explores the sensitivity of energy consumption to that parameter in a series of types of social housing built between 1950 and 1979 in five Mediterranean climate zones. Demand in a total of 53 housing units located in 21 developments was simulated to that end. The findings show that air permeability has a significant effect on wintertime demand in the sample studied. Although the impact is greater in the more severe climates where it is estimated to be over 10 kWh/m2, it may also affect energy consumption in mild climates.

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