scholarly journals Hydrologic Modelling of Construction Site Sediment Control Pond Using SWMM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Hydrologic Modelling ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Receiving Waters

Construction activities have been identified as one of the major sources of pollution to receiving waters. Although Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) measures reduce the amount of sediment exported from construction sites, there are still significant concerns regarding the sufficiency of current control measures to protect receiving waters. This study documents the work completed to monitor and model the performance of a typical stormwater management facility used for erosion and sediment control in suburban construction site. The main objective of this study is to provide background information regarding the performance of stormwater management facilities for treating urban construction runoff prior to discharging to receiving water bodies. The RUNOFF and STORAGE TREATMENT blocks of EPA's stormwater management model (PCSWMM4.4) were used to simulate the quantity and quality of stormwater run-off from the area under construction and assess the performance of stormwater treatment facility (Ballymore Pond) located in Richmond Hill, Ontario. The performance of the construction site sediment control pond was found to be unsatisfactory due to the high outflow concentration of suspended solids. Some specific recommendations to improve its effectiveness have been made.

scholarly journals Hydrologic Modelling of Construction Site Sediment Control Pond Using SWMM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Hydrologic Modelling ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Receiving Waters

Construction activities have been identified as one of the major sources of pollution to receiving waters. Although Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) measures reduce the amount of sediment exported from construction sites, there are still significant concerns regarding the sufficiency of current control measures to protect receiving waters. This study documents the work completed to monitor and model the performance of a typical stormwater management facility used for erosion and sediment control in suburban construction site. The main objective of this study is to provide background information regarding the performance of stormwater management facilities for treating urban construction runoff prior to discharging to receiving water bodies. The RUNOFF and STORAGE TREATMENT blocks of EPA's stormwater management model (PCSWMM4.4) were used to simulate the quantity and quality of stormwater run-off from the area under construction and assess the performance of stormwater treatment facility (Ballymore Pond) located in Richmond Hill, Ontario. The performance of the construction site sediment control pond was found to be unsatisfactory due to the high outflow concentration of suspended solids. Some specific recommendations to improve its effectiveness have been made.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Complexity of Morphologically Identified Anopheles squamosus in Southern Zambia

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Jordan Hoffman ◽  
Ilinca Ciubotariu ◽  
Limonty Simubali ◽  
Twig Mudenda ◽  
William Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blood Meal Source ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission

Despite dramatic reductions in malaria cases in the catchment area of Macha Hospital, Choma District, Southern Province in Zambia, prevalence has remained near 1–2% by RDT for the past several years. To investigate residual malaria transmission in the area, this study focuses on the relative abundance, foraging behavior, and phylogenetic relationships of Anopheles squamosus specimens. In 2011, higher than expected rates of anthropophily were observed among “zoophilic” An. squamosus, a species that had sporadically been found to contain Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The importance of An. squamosus in the region was reaffirmed in 2016 when P. falciparum sporozoites were detected in numerous An. squamosus specimens. This study analyzed Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light trap collections of adult mosquitoes from two collection schemes: one performed as part of a reactive-test-and-treat program and the second performed along a geographical transect. Morphological identification, molecular verification of anopheline species, and blood meal source were determined on individual samples. Data from these collections supported earlier studies demonstrating An. squamosus to be primarily exophagic and zoophilic, allowing them to evade current control measures. The phylogenetic relationships generated from the specimens in this study illustrate the existence of well supported clade structure among An. squamosus specimens, which further emphasizes the importance of molecular identification of vectors. The primarily exophagic behavior of An. squamosus in these collections also highlights that indoor vector control strategies will not be sufficient for elimination of malaria in southern Zambia.

scholarly journals Development of Rice Bran Mixed Porous Clay Bricks for Permeable Pavements: A Sustainable LID Technique for Arid Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Fawaz Alharbi ◽  
Meshal Almoshaogeh ◽  
Md. Shafiquzzaman ◽  
Husnain Haider ◽  
Md. Rafiquzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Clay Bricks

Permeable pavement provides sustainable solutions for urban stormwater management. In this research, the potential of rice bran mixed porous clay bricks were evaluated for permeable pavements. Physical, mechanical and hydrological properties along with stormwater treatment capabilities of the brick samples were assessed. The study found that ratio of rice bran and clay soil has significant impacts on the properties of the produced bricks. Water adsorption and porosity increased with increasing rice bran ratio. Compressive strength of brick samples decreased from 29.6 MPa to 6.9 MPa when the ratio of rice bran was increased from 0% to 20%. The permeability coefficient increased from 4 × 10−4 to 1.39 × 10−2 mm/s with the increase in rice bran from 0% to 30%. The preamble clay bricks were efficient to remove turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), five days’ biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and heavy metals (Mn, Cu, and Zn) from stormwater to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for wastewater reuse application. The bricks with ≤10% of rice bran achieved the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard of the desire compressive strength and permeability coefficient for pedestrian and light traffic pavements. The porous bricks prepared in this study can be used to construct permeable pavements and would be a sustainable low impact developments technique for stormwater management in urban areas.

scholarly journals Timing and Route of Contamination of Patient Rooms With Healthcare-Associated Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s412-s412
Author(s):  
Sarah Redmond ◽  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Basya Pearlmutter ◽  
Natalia Pinto Herrera ◽  
Curtis Donskey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a persistent problem in healthcare facilities despite current control measures. A better understanding of the routes of pathogen transmission is needed to develop effective control measures. Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study in an acute-care hospital to identify the timing and route of transfer of pathogens to rooms of newly admitted patients with negative MRSA nares results and no known carriage of other healthcare-associated pathogens. Rooms were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected prior to patient admission. Interactions of patients with personnel and portable equipment were observed, and serial cultures for pathogens were collected from the skin of patients and from surfaces, including those observed to come in contact with personnel and equipment. For MRSA, spa typing was used to determine relatedness of patient and environmental isolates. Results: For the 17 patients enrolled, 1 or more environmental cultures became positive for MRSA in rooms of 10 patients (59%), for C. difficile in rooms of 2 patients (12%) and for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in rooms of 2 patients (12%). The patients interacted with an average of 2.4 personnel and 0.6 portable devices per hour of observation. As shown in Figure 1, MRSA contamination of the floor occurred rapidly as personnel entered the room. In a subset of patients, MRSA was subsequently recovered from patients’ socks and bedding and ultimately from the high-touch surfaces in the room (tray table, call button, bedrail). For several patients, MRSA isolates recovered from the floor had the same spa type as isolates subsequently recovered from other sites (eg, socks, bedding, and/or high touch surfaces). The direct transfer of healthcare-associated pathogens from personnel or equipment to high-touch surfaces was not detected. Conclusions: Healthcare-associated pathogens rapidly accumulate on the floor of patient rooms and can be transferred to the socks and bedding of patients and to high-touch surfaces. Healthcare facility floors may be an underappreciated source of pathogen dissemination not addressed by current infection control measures.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Review and decision support of options for the removal, treatment and disposal of stormwater sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Koumoulas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Beneficial Reuse ◽  
Runoff Decrease ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Operational Capacity ◽  
Selection Of

Stormwater management (SWM) ponds are a widely used option to control runoff, decrease flooding potential, reduce erosion rates in receiving waters and improve water quality. Although dredging and disposal are accepted practices, there is a need to consider alternative removal techniques, since 1) overall costs for a single pond can be substantial, and 2) a large number of ponds are approaching their operational capacity. It is evident that numerous remedial and beneficial reuse options are more economically viable and environmentally stable than current options. The intent of the current research was to develop guidance for municipalities and operators when faced with contaminated stormwater sediments. This paper presents a review of potential removal, treatment, disposal and beneficial use options and offers a simple decision support methodology to aid in the selection of options.

scholarly journals Research on Pre-control of Typhoon Disaster in Construction Site under Extreme Typhoon Climate-- Take typhoon Moranti as an example

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03082
Author(s):  
Jianxun Deng ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Construction Project ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Comprehensive Level ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on the damage to the construction project caused by the strong typhoon “Moranti” No. 14 of 2016 to the coastal city of Xiamen, and further analyzes the characteristics of the extreme typhoon climate, like strong destruction,extensive damage and obvious characteristics of the centralization, and the causes of the damage to the construction project. Leading to the conclusion that the risk items in the construction site mainly include personnel, scaffolds, and mechanical and electrical equipment, etc. Combined with the impact factors of duration, structure scale, economic exposure, and corporate management level, establishing the criteria for judging the extreme typhoon climate risk pre-control level and calculating the comprehensive level according to the level of each element and the weight distribution, and then, put forward pre-control measures and recommendations accordingly for government decision-making and construction companies' reference.

scholarly journals Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, Current Gaps, and Opportunities for Intervention

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Sezayi Ozubek ◽  
Reginaldo G. Bastos ◽  
Heba F. Alzan ◽  
Abdullah Inci ◽  
Munir Aktas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
The Impact

Bovine babesiosis is a global tick-borne disease that causes important cattle losses and has potential zoonotic implications. The impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey remains poorly characterized, but several Babesia spp., including B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens, among others and competent tick vectors, except Rhipicephalus microplus, have been recently identified in the country. Bovine babesiosis has been reported in all provinces but is more prevalent in central and highly humid areas in low and medium altitude regions of the country housing approximately 70% of the cattle population. Current control measures include acaricides and babesicidal drugs, but not live vaccines. Despite the perceived relevant impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey, basic research programs focused on developing in vitro cultures of parasites, point-of-care diagnostic methods, vaccine development, “omics” analysis, and gene manipulation techniques of local Babesia strains are scarce. Additionally, no effective and coordinated control efforts managed by a central animal health authority have been established to date. Development of state-of-the-art research programs in bovine babesiosis to address current gaps in knowledge and implementation of long-term plans to control the disease will surely result in important economic, nutritional, and public health benefits for the country and the region.

scholarly journals Challenges for Managing Candidatus Liberibacter spp. (Huanglongbing Disease Pathogen): Current Control Measures and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Blaustein ◽  
Graciela L. Lorca ◽  
Max Teplitski
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Huanglongbing (HLB; “citrus greening” disease) has caused significant damages to the global citrus industry as it has become well established in leading citrus-producing regions and continues to spread worldwide. Insecticidal control has been a critical component of HLB disease management, as there is a direct relationship between vector control and Candidatus Liberibacter spp. (i.e., the HLB pathogen) titer in HLB-infected citrus trees. In recent years, there have been substantial efforts to develop practical strategies for specifically managing Ca. Liberibacter spp.; however, a literature review on the outcomes of such attempts is still lacking. This work summarizes the greenhouse and field studies that have documented the effects and implications of chemical-based treatments (i.e., applications of broad-spectrum antibiotics, small molecule compounds) and nonchemical measures (i.e., applications of plant-beneficial compounds, applications of inorganic fertilizers, biological control, thermotherapy) for phytopathogen control. The ongoing challenges associated with mitigating Ca. Liberibacter spp. populations at the field-scale, such as the seasonality of the phytopathogen and associated HLB disease symptoms, limitations for therapeutics to contact the phytopathogen in planta, adverse impacts of broad-spectrum treatments on plant-beneficial microbiota, and potential implications on public and ecosystem health, are also discussed.

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