scholarly journals A Planning Framework For Low Impact Development (LID) In Stormwater Management - An Ontario Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Main Components

Effective management of stormwater is critical to the continued health of the environment. Progression of stormwater management techniques has evolved to include wider, sustainable objectives, particularly the development of Low Impact Development (LID) methods. Despite the recognition that the application of LID practices is a viable approach to older forms of stormwater management, there exist various challenges and barriers to widespread support. In particular, absent is a methodology to plan for LID practices on a large-scale that encompasses not only technical criteria, but economical, and social aspects as well. To address this need, the objective of this study proposes a framework for LID planning on a watershed level. The LID planning Framework is comprised of four main components evaluated in a sequential process to support the development of effective management strategies. Specifically, hydrological performance evaluation of LID technologies throughout a watershed; cost-effectiveness analysis; and stakeholders’ opinions and acceptance levels of these technologies, are used as input to the final decision-making component. The LID Planning Framework is developed in an Ontario context with a particular focus on the Lake Simcoe Watershed. This study will promote an integrated approach to LID planning, which can be used support the uptake of LID principles and encourage more sustainable methods in stormwater management as a whole.

scholarly journals A Planning Framework For Low Impact Development (LID) In Stormwater Management - An Ontario Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Main Components

Effective management of stormwater is critical to the continued health of the environment. Progression of stormwater management techniques has evolved to include wider, sustainable objectives, particularly the development of Low Impact Development (LID) methods. Despite the recognition that the application of LID practices is a viable approach to older forms of stormwater management, there exist various challenges and barriers to widespread support. In particular, absent is a methodology to plan for LID practices on a large-scale that encompasses not only technical criteria, but economical, and social aspects as well. To address this need, the objective of this study proposes a framework for LID planning on a watershed level. The LID planning Framework is comprised of four main components evaluated in a sequential process to support the development of effective management strategies. Specifically, hydrological performance evaluation of LID technologies throughout a watershed; cost-effectiveness analysis; and stakeholders’ opinions and acceptance levels of these technologies, are used as input to the final decision-making component. The LID Planning Framework is developed in an Ontario context with a particular focus on the Lake Simcoe Watershed. This study will promote an integrated approach to LID planning, which can be used support the uptake of LID principles and encourage more sustainable methods in stormwater management as a whole.

Modeling low impact development potential with hydrological response units

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2382-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Eric ◽  
Celia Fan ◽  
Darko Joksimovic ◽  
James Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Hydrological Response Unit ◽  
Management Techniques

Evaluations of benefits of implementing low impact development (LID) stormwater management techniques can extend up to a watershed scale. This presents a challenge for representing them in watershed models, since they are typically orders of magnitude smaller in size. This paper presents an approach that is focused on trying to evaluate the benefits of implementing LIDs on a lot level. The methodology uses the concept of urban hydrological response Unit and results in developing and applying performance curves that are a function of lot properties to estimate the potential benefit of large-scale LID implementation. Lot properties are determined using a municipal geographic information system database and processed to determine groups of lots with similar properties. A representative lot from each group is modeled over a typical rainfall year using USEPA Stormwater Management Model to develop performance functions that relate the lot properties and the change in annual runoff volume and corresponding phosphorus loading with different LIDs implemented. The results of applying performance functions on all urban areas provide the potential locations, benefit and cost of implementation of all LID techniques, guiding future decisions for LID implementation by watershed area municipalities.

scholarly journals Scaling up experimental trawl impact results to fishery management scales — a modelling approach for a “hot time”

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Ellis ◽  
Francis Pantus ◽  
C. Roland Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Modelling Approach

Numerous studies have quantified trawl impacts at small scales. However, effective management of trawl impacts requires synthesis of experimental results (biomass depletion per tow and subsequent recovery) and application at fishery scales — realistically, this is achievable only in a modelling framework. We present a method for scaling up experimental results for management applications that incorporates a benthic biomass model having exponential trawl depletion and logistic recovery. Ultra-fine trawl-track data, supported by simulations, show that realistic trawling can be represented by a negative-binomial stochastic process, with intensity governed by large-scale effort and aggregation by a tunable parameter. Two mechanisms of the process are considered: aggregations in space (hot spots) and aggregations in time (hot times), which yields a logistic differential equation for the large-scale biomass over time. The model shows that scaling from fine scale to fishery scale depends on the degree of aggregation of fishing, with increasing aggregation lowering depletion rates at fishery scales. This model is a fundamental step in enabling assessment of large-scale implications and evaluating alternative management strategies.

The Potential of Photoelectrochemical Carbon Sinks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias May ◽  
Kira Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut to limit global warming to 1.5-2C above preindustrial levels. Yet the rate of decarbonisation is currently too low to achieve this. Policy-relevant scenarios therefore rely on the permanent removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. However, none of the envisaged technologies has demonstrated scalability to the decarbonization targets for the year 2050. In this analysis, we show that artificial photosynthesis for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction may deliver an efficient large-scale carbon sink. This technology is mainly developed towards solar fuels and its potential for negative emissions has been largely overlooked. With high efficiency and low sensitivity to high temperature and illumination conditions, it could, if developed towards a mature technology, present a viable approach to fill the gap in the negative emissions budget.<br>

The Potential of Photoelectrochemical Carbon Sinks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias May ◽  
Kira Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut to limit global warming to 1.5-2C above preindustrial levels. Yet the rate of decarbonisation is currently too low to achieve this. Policy-relevant scenarios therefore rely on the permanent removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. However, none of the envisaged technologies has demonstrated scalability to the decarbonization targets for the year 2050. In this analysis, we show that artificial photosynthesis for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction may deliver an efficient large-scale carbon sink. This technology is mainly developed towards solar fuels and its potential for negative emissions has been largely overlooked. With high efficiency and low sensitivity to high temperature and illumination conditions, it could, if developed towards a mature technology, present a viable approach to fill the gap in the negative emissions budget.<br>

SOVIET SCIENTIFIC PERSONAL REPRESSIVE STATE APPARATUS AS AN OBJECT OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE OF SCIENCE STUDIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexander Allakhverdyan
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Soviet Science ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Dramatic Practice ◽  
Main Components

Numerous studies by Russian scientists and historians of science are devoted to the state science policy in the USSR and its well-known achievements, but not enough attention is paid to the negative, socially repressed aspects of the Soviet science policy. Repressions became one of the main components of the state's scientific and personnel policy in the Stalinist era. The systemic analysis of the development of Soviet science declared in the scientific literature, limited only by its indisputably outstanding achievements, without under-standing the origins, causes and mechanisms of the repressed state apparatus that operated in the same period, sharply reduces the overall picture of the reliability of the study of Soviet science. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the diverse and dramatic practice of state repression in the system of Soviet science, because in the world history of science no other developed country has experienced such large-scale and tragic events in the functioning of the scientific society.

Large-Scale Application of Biofiltration Swale Runoff Management Practices

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Hydrologic Responses

Retaining rainfall where it lands is a fundamental benefit of Low Impact Development (LID). The Delaware Urban Runoff Management Model (DURMM) was developed to address the benefits of LID design. DURMM explicitly addresses the benefits of impervious area disconnection as well as swale flow routing that responds to flow retardance changes. Biofiltration swales are an effective LID BMP for treating urban runoff. By adding check dams, the detention storage provided can also reduce peak rates. This presentation explores how the DURMM runoff reduction approach can be integrated with detention routing procedures to project runoff volume and peak flow reductions provided by BMP facilities. This approach has been applied to a 1,200 unit project on 360 hectares located in Delaware, USA. Over 5 km of biofiltration swales have been designed, many of which have stone check dams placed every 30 to 35 meters to provide detention storage. The engineering involved in the design of such facilities uses hydrologic modeling based upon TR-20 routines, as adapted by the DURMM model. The hydraulic approach includes routing of flows through the check dams. This presentation summarizes the hydrological network, presents the hydrologic responses, along with selected hydrographs to demonstrate the potential of design approach.

Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
R. Boll ◽  
R. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Components

The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

Integration of Ecological and Engineering Aspects in Planning Large Scale Tidal Power Development in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
The Many ◽  
University Scientists

Large-scale tidal power development in the Bay of Fundy has been given serious consideration for over 60 years. There has been a long history of productive interaction between environmental scientists and engineers durinn the many feasibility studies undertaken. Up until recently, tidal power proposals were dropped on economic grounds. However, large-scale development in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy now appears to be economically viable and a pre-commitment design program is highly likely in the near future. A large number of basic scientific research studies have been and are being conducted by government and university scientists. Likely environmental impacts have been examined by scientists and engineers together in a preliminary fashion on several occasions. A full environmental assessment will be conducted before a final decision is made and the results will definately influence the outcome.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OCEANOGRAPHIC MODELING AND OBSERVATION NETWORK (REMO) FOR PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY STUDIES AND OCEAN FORECASTING

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Moreira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Ocean Forecasting

This paper is concerned with the planning, implementation and some results of the Oceanographic Modeling and Observation Network, named REMO, for Brazilian regional waters. Ocean forecasting has been an important scientific issue over the last decade due to studies related to climate change as well as applications related to short-range oceanic forecasts. The South Atlantic Ocean has a deficit of oceanographic measurements when compared to other ocean basins such as the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. It is a challenge to design an ocean forecasting system for a region with poor observational coverage of in-situ data. Fortunately, most ocean forecasting systems heavily rely on the assimilation of surface fields such as sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) or sea surface temperature (SST), acquired by environmental satellites, that can accurately provide information that constrain major surface current systems and their mesoscale activity. An integrated approach is proposed here in which the large scale circulation in the Atlantic Ocean is modeled in a first step, and gradually nested into higher resolution regional models that are able to resolve important processes such as the Brazil Current and associated mesoscale variability, continental shelf waves, local and remote wind forcing, and others. This article presents the overall strategy to develop the models using a network of Brazilian institutions and their related expertise along with international collaboration. This work has some similarity with goals of the international project Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment OceanView (GODAE OceanView).

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