scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Self-Assembled Nanocarbon For Theranostics Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K M Rezaul Haque Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Carbon nanomaterials have been explored for biomedical applications such as scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery carriers, cancer diagnostics and biological imaging. Due to their possible cytotoxicity and biological inertness, they need biological or chemical functionalization to attain biomedical applications. Current research trends are for the synthesis of biocompatible and self-functionalized nanocarbon with prospective application in therapy and diagnosis. The main objectives of this thesis are to synthesize 3D self-functionalized biocompatible nanocarbon for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The synthesis of the unique three-dimensional carbon nanostructures has been done with ultrashort femtosecond laser processing mechanism, a versatile yet precise technique for nanoscale material generation. First study deals with the synthesis of 3D nanocarbon network and its biocompatibility assessment. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the fibroblast cell response to this nano-network are performed. The findings from the in-vitro study indicate that the platform possesses excellent biocompatibility and promote cell adhesion and subsequent cell proliferation. In next study, the synthesized nanocarbon network (CNRN) platform that possesses a variation in C-C and C-O bond architecture showed dual functionality i. e. cytophilic to fibroblasts but cytotoxic to HeLa cells. Two distict opposite responses like tissue generation for fibroblasts and apoptosis like function for HeLa was observed after 48-hour of culture. The results have potentials or therapeutic appliations. Third study focuses on the diagnostic applications of the nanocarbon. A unique non-plasmonic SERS based bio-sensing platform using 3D nanocarbon is introduced for in-vitro detection and differentiation of HeLa and fibroblast cells. Time based Raman spectroscopy of these cells seeded on nanocarbon revealed chemical fingerprints of intracellular components like DNA/RNA, protein and lipids. Their spectroscopic differences guide differentiation of each cell. Finally, we have synthesized N-enriched nanocarbon probe through nitrogen incorporation-assisted ionization and demonstrate label free SERS based detection of transient variation of cell chemistry and thereby cancer cell diagnosis with N-enriched 3D nanocarbon probe. The results suggested that the SERS functionality not only reveal the chemical fingerprint of the intracellular components (e. g. protein, DNA, RNA etc.) within a cell but also guide detection of cancerous HeLa cells. The results obtained in this thesis point out multifunctional viability of biocompatible self-functionalized nanocarbons for therapy and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Self-Assembled Nanocarbon For Theranostics Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K M Rezaul Haque Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Carbon nanomaterials have been explored for biomedical applications such as scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery carriers, cancer diagnostics and biological imaging. Due to their possible cytotoxicity and biological inertness, they need biological or chemical functionalization to attain biomedical applications. Current research trends are for the synthesis of biocompatible and self-functionalized nanocarbon with prospective application in therapy and diagnosis. The main objectives of this thesis are to synthesize 3D self-functionalized biocompatible nanocarbon for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The synthesis of the unique three-dimensional carbon nanostructures has been done with ultrashort femtosecond laser processing mechanism, a versatile yet precise technique for nanoscale material generation. First study deals with the synthesis of 3D nanocarbon network and its biocompatibility assessment. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the fibroblast cell response to this nano-network are performed. The findings from the in-vitro study indicate that the platform possesses excellent biocompatibility and promote cell adhesion and subsequent cell proliferation. In next study, the synthesized nanocarbon network (CNRN) platform that possesses a variation in C-C and C-O bond architecture showed dual functionality i. e. cytophilic to fibroblasts but cytotoxic to HeLa cells. Two distict opposite responses like tissue generation for fibroblasts and apoptosis like function for HeLa was observed after 48-hour of culture. The results have potentials or therapeutic appliations. Third study focuses on the diagnostic applications of the nanocarbon. A unique non-plasmonic SERS based bio-sensing platform using 3D nanocarbon is introduced for in-vitro detection and differentiation of HeLa and fibroblast cells. Time based Raman spectroscopy of these cells seeded on nanocarbon revealed chemical fingerprints of intracellular components like DNA/RNA, protein and lipids. Their spectroscopic differences guide differentiation of each cell. Finally, we have synthesized N-enriched nanocarbon probe through nitrogen incorporation-assisted ionization and demonstrate label free SERS based detection of transient variation of cell chemistry and thereby cancer cell diagnosis with N-enriched 3D nanocarbon probe. The results suggested that the SERS functionality not only reveal the chemical fingerprint of the intracellular components (e. g. protein, DNA, RNA etc.) within a cell but also guide detection of cancerous HeLa cells. The results obtained in this thesis point out multifunctional viability of biocompatible self-functionalized nanocarbons for therapy and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional self-assembled nanocarbon for theranostics applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K M Rezaul Haque Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Carbon nanomaterials have been explored for biomedical applications such as scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery carriers, cancer diagnostics and biological imaging. Due to their possible cytotoxicity and biological inertness, they need biological or chemical functionalization to attain biomedical applications. Current research trends are for the synthesis of biocompatible and self-functionalized nanocarbon with prospective application in therapy and diagnosis. The main objectives of this thesis are to synthesize 3D self-functionalized biocompatible nanocarbon for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The synthesis of the unique three-dimensional carbon nanostructures has been done with ultrashort femtosecond laser processing mechanism, a versatile yet precise technique for nanoscale material generation. First study deals with the synthesis of 3D nanocarbon network and its biocompatibility assessment. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the fibroblast cell response to this nano-network are performed. The findings from the in-vitro study indicate that the platform possesses excellent biocompatibility and promote cell adhesion and subsequent cell proliferation. In next study, the synthesized nanocarbon network (CNRN) platform that possesses a variation in C-C and C-O bond architecture showed dual functionality i. e. cytophilic to fibroblasts but cytotoxic to HeLa cells. Two distict opposite responses like tissue generation for fibroblasts and apoptosis like function for HeLa was observed after 48-hour of culture. The results have potentials for therapeutic appliations. Third study focuses on the diagnostic applications of the nanocarbon. A unique non-plasmonic SERS based bio-sensing platform using 3D nanocarbon is introduced for in-vitro detection and differentiation of HeLa and fibroblast cells. Time based Raman spectroscopy of these cells seeded on nanocarbon revealed chemical fingerprints of intracellular components like DNA/RNA, protein and lipids. Their spectroscopic differences guide differentiation of each cell. Finally, we have synthesized N-enriched nanocarbon probe through nitrogen incorporation-assisted ionization and demonstrate label free SERS based detection of transient variation of cell chemistry and thereby cancer cell diagnosis with N-enriched 3D nanocarbon probe. The results suggested that the SERS functionality not only reveal the chemical fingerprint of the intracellular components (e. g. protein, DNA, RNA etc.) within a cell but also guide detection of cancerous HeLa cells. The results obtained in this thesis point out multifunctional viability of biocompatible self-functionalized nanocarbons for therapy and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional self-assembled nanocarbon for theranostics applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K M Rezaul Haque Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Carbon nanomaterials have been explored for biomedical applications such as scaffolds in tissue engineering, drug delivery carriers, cancer diagnostics and biological imaging. Due to their possible cytotoxicity and biological inertness, they need biological or chemical functionalization to attain biomedical applications. Current research trends are for the synthesis of biocompatible and self-functionalized nanocarbon with prospective application in therapy and diagnosis. The main objectives of this thesis are to synthesize 3D self-functionalized biocompatible nanocarbon for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The synthesis of the unique three-dimensional carbon nanostructures has been done with ultrashort femtosecond laser processing mechanism, a versatile yet precise technique for nanoscale material generation. First study deals with the synthesis of 3D nanocarbon network and its biocompatibility assessment. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the fibroblast cell response to this nano-network are performed. The findings from the in-vitro study indicate that the platform possesses excellent biocompatibility and promote cell adhesion and subsequent cell proliferation. In next study, the synthesized nanocarbon network (CNRN) platform that possesses a variation in C-C and C-O bond architecture showed dual functionality i. e. cytophilic to fibroblasts but cytotoxic to HeLa cells. Two distict opposite responses like tissue generation for fibroblasts and apoptosis like function for HeLa was observed after 48-hour of culture. The results have potentials for therapeutic appliations. Third study focuses on the diagnostic applications of the nanocarbon. A unique non-plasmonic SERS based bio-sensing platform using 3D nanocarbon is introduced for in-vitro detection and differentiation of HeLa and fibroblast cells. Time based Raman spectroscopy of these cells seeded on nanocarbon revealed chemical fingerprints of intracellular components like DNA/RNA, protein and lipids. Their spectroscopic differences guide differentiation of each cell. Finally, we have synthesized N-enriched nanocarbon probe through nitrogen incorporation-assisted ionization and demonstrate label free SERS based detection of transient variation of cell chemistry and thereby cancer cell diagnosis with N-enriched 3D nanocarbon probe. The results suggested that the SERS functionality not only reveal the chemical fingerprint of the intracellular components (e. g. protein, DNA, RNA etc.) within a cell but also guide detection of cancerous HeLa cells. The results obtained in this thesis point out multifunctional viability of biocompatible self-functionalized nanocarbons for therapy and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Self-Assembling Peptides and Carbon Nanomaterials Join Forces for Innovative Biomedical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4084
Author(s):  
Petr Rozhin ◽  
Costas Charitidis ◽  
Silvia Marchesan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Great Progress

Self-assembling peptides and carbon nanomaterials have attracted great interest for their respective potential to bring innovation in the biomedical field. Combination of these two types of building blocks is not trivial in light of their very different physico-chemical properties, yet great progress has been made over the years at the interface between these two research areas. This concise review will analyze the latest developments at the forefront of research that combines self-assembling peptides with carbon nanostructures for biological use. Applications span from tissue regeneration, to biosensing and imaging, and bioelectronics.

Engineering of microscale three-dimensional pancreatic islet models in vitro and their biomedical applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Gao ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Shuang Han ◽  
Belinda Pingguan-Murphy ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Impedance-based cellular assays for regenerative medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1750) ◽  
pp. 20170226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gamal ◽  
H. Wu ◽  
I. Underwood ◽  
J. Jia ◽  
S. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Automation And Control

Therapies based on regenerative techniques have the potential to radically improve healthcare in the coming years. As a result, there is an emerging need for non-destructive and label-free technologies to assess the quality of engineered tissues and cell-based products prior to their use in the clinic. In parallel, the emerging regenerative medicine industry that aims to produce stem cells and their progeny on a large scale will benefit from moving away from existing destructive biochemical assays towards data-driven automation and control at the industrial scale. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCA) have emerged as an alternative approach to study stem-cell properties and cumulative studies, reviewed here, have shown their potential to monitor stem-cell renewal, differentiation and maturation. They offer a novel method to non-destructively assess and quality-control stem-cell cultures. In addition, when combined with in vitro disease models they provide complementary insights as label-free phenotypic assays. IBCA provide quantitative and very sensitive results that can easily be automated and up-scaled in multi-well format. When facing the emerging challenge of real-time monitoring of three-dimensional cell culture dielectric spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography represent viable alternatives to two-dimensional impedance sensing. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you’.

Feasibility of Biomedical Applications of Hall Effect Imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wen
Keyword(s):  
Hall Effect ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
A New Technique

Hall effect imaging is a new technique for mapping the electrical properties of a sample. Its principle has been demonstrated in two- and three-dimensional phantom images. Based on the experimental data and theoretical understanding of this technique developed over the past few years, this paper addresses the most relevant question for biomedical applications: whether Hall effect imaging is ultimately applicable to complex biological systems such as the human body. The arguments are given at the basic physics level, so that the conclusion is independent of current technology status. These arguments are corroborated with imaging data of an aorta sample. The conclusion is that Hall effect imaging is not suited for quantifying the electrical constants in complex biological samples. This technique is able to produce high-resolution volume images of samples in vitro that reflect their electrical heterogeneity. However, quantitative measurements of electrical constants are not practical for complex samples.

scholarly journals Potentiality of Nanoenzymes for Cancer Treatment and Other Diseases: Current Status and Future Challenges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 5965
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Sindhu ◽  
Agnieszka Najda ◽  
Prabhjot Kaur ◽  
Muddaser Shah ◽  
Harmanpreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Enzyme Mimics ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Natural Enzyme ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Studies from past years have observed various enzymes that are artificial, which are issued to mimic naturally occurring enzymes based on their function and structure. The nanozymes possess nanomaterials that resemble natural enzymes and are considered an innovative class. This innovative class has achieved a brilliant response from various developments and researchers owing to this unique property. In this regard, numerous nanomaterials are inspected as natural enzyme mimics for multiple types of applications, such as imaging, water treatment, therapeutics, and sensing. Nanozymes have nanomaterial properties occurring with an inheritance that provides a single substitute and multiple platforms. Nanozymes can be controlled remotely via stimuli including heat, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound. Collectively, these all can be used to increase the therapeutic as well as diagnostic efficacies. These nanozymes have major biomedical applications including cancer therapy and diagnosis, medical diagnostics, and bio sensing. We summarized and emphasized the latest progress of nanozymes, including their biomedical mechanisms and applications involving synergistic and remote control nanozymes. Finally, we cover the challenges and limitations of further improving therapeutic applications and provide a future direction for using engineered nanozymes with enhanced biomedical and diagnostic applications.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Speranza
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Versatile Tool

Over the past decade, carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications. Examples are the use of CNSs for drug and protein delivery or in tools to locally dispense nucleic acids to fight tumor affections. CNSs were successfully utilized in diagnostics and in noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging devices thanks to their optical properties in the near infrared region. However, biomedical applications require a complete biocompatibility to avoid adverse reactions of the immune system and CNSs potentials for biodegradability. Water is one of the main constituents of the living matter. Unfortunately, one of the disadvantages of CNSs is their poor solubility. Surface functionalization of CNSs is commonly utilized as an efficient solution to both tune the surface wettability of CNSs and impart biocompatible properties. Grafting functional groups onto the CNSs surface consists in bonding the desired chemical species on the carbon nanoparticles via wet or dry processes leading to the formation of a stable interaction. This latter may be of different nature as the van Der Waals, the electrostatic or the covalent, the π-π interaction, the hydrogen bond etc. depending on the process and on the functional molecule at play. Grafting is utilized for multiple purposes including bonding mimetic agents such as polyethylene glycol, drug/protein adsorption, attaching nanostructures to increase the CNSs opacity to selected wavelengths or provide magnetic properties. This makes the CNSs a very versatile tool for a broad selection of applications as medicinal biochips, new high-performance platforms for magnetic resonance (MR), photothermal therapy, molecular imaging, tissue engineering, and neuroscience. The scope of this work is to highlight up-to-date using of the functionalized carbon materials such as graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and nanodiamonds in biomedical applications.

scholarly journals An Innovative Cell Microincubator for Drug Discovery Based on 3D Silicon Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Aredia ◽  
Francesca Carpignano ◽  
Salvatore Surdo ◽  
Giuseppe Barillaro ◽  
Giuliano Mazzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Ht1080 Cells ◽  
Power Radiation

We recently employed three-dimensional (3D) silicon microstructures (SMSs) consisting in arrays of 3 μm-thick silicon walls separated by 50 μm-deep, 5 μm-wide gaps, as microincubators for monitoring the biomechanical properties of tumor cells. They were here applied to investigate the in vitro behavior of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells driven to apoptosis by the chemotherapeutic drug Bleomycin. Our results, obtained by fluorescence microscopy, demonstrated that HT1080 cells exhibited a great ability to colonize the narrow gaps. Remarkably, HT1080 cells grown on 3D-SMS, when treated with the DNA damaging agent Bleomycin under conditions leading to apoptosis, tended to shrink, reducing their volume and mimicking the normal behavior of apoptotic cells, and were prone to leave the gaps. Finally, we performed label-free detection of cells adherent to the vertical silicon wall, inside the gap of 3D-SMS, by exploiting optical low coherence reflectometry using infrared, low power radiation. This kind of approach may become a new tool for increasing automation in the drug discovery area. Our results open new perspectives in view of future applications of the 3D-SMS as the core element of a lab-on-a-chip suitable for screening the effect of new molecules potentially able to kill tumor cells.

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