Modelling workload to quality using system dynamics in manufacturing and healthcare

10.32920/ryerson.14665950.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mashal Farid

Keyword(s):

System Dynamics ◽

System Performance ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Nursing Workload ◽

Nursing Unit ◽

Hospital Nursing ◽

Long Run ◽

System Output ◽

Manufacturing Assembly

This paper presents an approach using System Dynamics (SD) to model long-run effects of given workload levels on employee health and quality of the system output. The models integrate scientific evidence on injury and burnout risk factors, error making probabilities, and presenteeism phenomena to create two SD models – one for a manufacturing assembly line and the other for a hospital nursing unit – that can help users explore the ergonomics-system performance relationship. The manufacturing model results show an increase in injury rates and a decrease in yield as the operators are exposed to higher spinal loads. The nursing model results show an increase in nurse burnout and medical errors as nursing workload is increased. This demonstration reveals the feasibility of SD modeling to help managers and engineers explore the long-run consequences of the human factors in their operations system design and inform policy decisions in terms of both human health and system performance outcomes.

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A Model for a Series Processing System

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/001872086700900106 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Wellington E. Smith

Keyword(s):

System Performance ◽

Processing System ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Total System ◽

Assembly Lines ◽

Operator Performance ◽

Total Performance ◽

Manufacturing Assembly ◽

System Effectiveness

Many processing systems, such as manufacturing assembly lines, can be described as a series of discrete operations performed on discrete units being processed. To evaluate the effectiveness of operators in such systems or to determine the best way to improve their performance, it is necessary to have a performance measure that relates to total system effectiveness. Current techniques measure operator performance in terms of time and errors, but they provide little predictive ability as to the effects of these parameters. To relate time and yield measures to a single criterion of system performance, a method has been developed for evaluating operator effectiveness in a series processing system that processes discrete items in large quantities. By recognizing and dealing with the fact that rejects at the end of series process are more expensive than at the beginning of the process, statements are developed for measuring performance in terms of its actual effect on the system. Concepts and methods are presented for measuring total system performance, performance of any segment of the system, total performance of any operator, and the effects of time and accuracy on operator performance.

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STABILITY OF SISO NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH PARAMETERS DISTURBANCES

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979212460083 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (25) ◽

pp. 1246008

Author(s):

OLGA SHPILEVAYA

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Systems ◽

System Dynamics ◽

Control Systems ◽

Lyapunov Method ◽

Switched System ◽

System Stability ◽

Single Input Single Output ◽

Single Output ◽

System Output ◽

Single Input

We study single-input single-output (SISO) control systems with the rapid piecewise-smooth parameters disturbances. The system dynamics are described by switched system models. The system output is regulated with the help of the nonlinear astatic controller with parameters which depend on some disturbance properties. The system stability is studied by second Lyapunov method.

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Design and flight testing of closed-loop simple adaptive control for a biplane micro air vehicle

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering ◽

10.1177/0959651819885756 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 234 (6) ◽

pp. 677-689

Author(s):

Shuvrangshu Jana ◽

Mayur Shewale ◽

Susheel Balasubramaniam ◽

Harikumar Kandath ◽

M Seetharama Bhat

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Control ◽

System Dynamics ◽

System Performance ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Flight Test ◽

Adaptive Controller ◽

Micro Air Vehicle ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Air Vehicle

This article presents the implementation of closed-loop simple adaptive control on fixed-wing micro air vehicle dynamics to improve flight performance characteristics. It is known that to retain the micro air vehicle system performance during the entire flight regime is difficult due to model uncertainties, large parameter variation and wind disturbances compared to flight velocity. An adaptive controller can adapt to the uncertainties but the complexity involved in their implementation is high due to unavailability of required sensor information and computational resources on a micro air vehicle platform. Lack of flight test results in the open literature incorporating adaptive control so far can be partially attributed to this complexity. In this case, adaptive control architecture is implemented in such a way that only the uncertainties in the system dynamics are taken care of by the adaptive control and desired nominal plant performance is achieved by the basic controller. The proposed adaptive controller architecture is implemented in real flight test, and improvement of tracking performance over a proportional–integral–derivative controller is demonstrated which illustrates superior performance to conventional architectures. The proposed design approach can be implemented easily to an existing system, and system performance can be enhanced in the presence of unmodelled and uncertain system dynamics.

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Numerical Investigations on Intake Tube Design of Micro Kaplan Hydro-Turbine System

Volume 1B, Symposia: Fluid Mechanics (Fundamental Issues and Perspectives; Industrial and Environmental Applications); Multiphase Flow and Systems (Multiscale Methods; Noninvasive Measurements; Numerical Methods; Heat Transfer; Performance); Transport Phenomena (Clean Energy; Mixing; Manufacturing and Materials Processing); Turbulent Flows — Issues and Perspectives; Algorithms and Applications for High Performance CFD Computation; Fluid Power; Fluid Dynamics of Wind Energy; Marine Hydrodynamics ◽

10.1115/fedsm2016-7569 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tarek ElGammal ◽

Yi-Hsin Yen ◽

Ryoichi S. Amano ◽

Joseph Millevolte ◽

Randal J. Mueller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cfd Simulation ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Hydro Turbine ◽

Eddy Simulation ◽

Maximum Angle ◽

Low Head ◽

System Output ◽

The Comparative Study

In this context, a numerical study was conducted to predict the performance of a small axial Kaplan hydro-turbine of 30 cm diameter that can be manufactured and installed vertically on a low head water level of less than 3 m. As a CFD simulation scheme, Large Eddy Simulation was selected to solve for the variables of turbulent flow due to its high fidelity performance for capturing time-variable turbulence wakes and eddies. Turbine intake tube dimensioning was primarily studied as an affecting element to maximize energy extraction with the set of initial design parameters. The intake tube was tested at six angles (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 degrees) and four lengths (50, 60, 75, 90 cm). The simulations were performed on a pre-determined water height, one diffuser design, and one set of stator-rotor having a rotational speed of 750 rpm. Maximizing the efficiency of a system with less material cost was the primary goal of the comparative study. After that, bellmouth profile was adopted to find out its influence on the system performance. Outcomes have proven the merit of higher slope per side length in enhancing output power with an average of 2.7 percent by full expansion from minimum to the maximum angle. Moreover, a corresponding marginal efficiency raise was observed by increasing intake slope, while it was found that the system acts poorly with longer intake tubes as both power and efficiency go down. Bellmouth profiles, based on the guidelines of the best straight design, significantly improved system output to reach 81 percent efficiency.

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Forensic Science

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00516.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 535-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paul C. Giannelli

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

United States Supreme Court ◽

The United States ◽

Private Life ◽

The Third ◽

Long Run ◽

Informant Testimony ◽

Eyewitness Identifications

The United States Supreme Court has long recognized the value of scientific evidence - especially when compared to other types of evidence such as eyewitness identifications, confessions, and informant testimony. For example, in Escobedo v. Illinois, the Court observed: “We have learned the lesson of history, ancient and modern, that a system of criminal law enforcement which comes to depend on the ‘confession’ will, in the long run, be less reliable and more subject to abuses than a system which depends on extrinsic evidence independently secured through skillful investigation.” Similarly, in Davis v. Mississippi, the Court commented:Detention for fingerprinting may constitute a much less serious intrusion upon personal security than other types of police searches and detentions. Fingerprinting involves none of the probing into an individual's private life and thoughts that marks an interrogation or search. Nor can fingerprint detention be employed repeatedly to harass any individual, since the police need only one set of each person's prints. Furthermore, fingerprinting is an inherently more reliable and effective crime-solving tool than eyewitness identifications or confessions and is not subject to such abuses as the improper line-up and the “third degree.”

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Determinants of quality and efficiency performance in service operations

International Journal of Operations & Production Management ◽

10.1108/ijopm-03-2014-0122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 265-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jayanth Jayaram ◽

Kefeng Xu

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

System Performance ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Customer Orientation ◽

Service System ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Service Firms ◽

Content Type ◽

Internal Knowledge

Purpose – Using arguments from the knowledge-based view and resource-based view of the firm, the purpose of this paper is to propose that external knowledge (as measured by a firm’s customer orientation) and internal knowledge management (through human capital development techniques of job-related training and enhancing employee capability) together contribute to successful service delivery systems. Design/methodology/approach – The hypothesized model is tested on a large sample of 249 Chinese service firms using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analyses. Findings – The results indicate that the knowledge management factors of customer orientation, employee capability and job-related training had a varying influence on quality and efficiency dimensions of service system performance. Also, internal knowledge facets of employee capability and job-related training had complementary effects in inducing improved performance on both quality and efficiency. Research limitations/implications – The focus on the key enablers of customer orientation, employee capability and job-related training does not represent a comprehensive set of enablers of service system performance outcomes. Also, a longitudinal examination of capabilities that influence service system performance can also be explored. Originality/value – The context of service firms in multiple sectors serves as an important contribution to the emerging literature that bridges human resource management and customer orientation in service settings. Implications of the results for practice and theory development are discussed.

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Socio Economic Impact of Assembly Line Balancing in Garment Manufacturing with the Help of Work Aids

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 506-515

Author(s):

Kamaljit Singh Rana , Et. al.

Keyword(s):

Assembly Line ◽

Assembly Line Balancing ◽

Line Balancing ◽

Work Output ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Work Station ◽

Long Run ◽

Manufacturing Assembly ◽

Socio Economic Impact ◽

Garment Manufacturing

The experimental efficacy of a work station that is ergonomically designed owes its overall reliance on production engineering, especially considering assembly line balancing besides the sustained work output of the assembly line and its snags caused in the production process have been acknowledged since long. The manifestation of these irregularities and consequent inadequacies on persistent shoulder – neck exposure have been studied for this paper with the help of work aids. A conducive workplace based on better ergonomic work station design, influences stress decreased due to the undue strain of repeated actions in an assembly line situation. This makes for resultant assembly line need to get balanced and subsequent to the production most irregularities decrease. It also results in the perpetuation of idle time across the assembly line outputs as compared to when no work aids have been introduced. Focus The researcher contribution of this paper is the experimentation conducted on a work table designed for the finishing line segment of the garment manufacturing assembly line. The folding table, as it has been called has flexibility of adjustment of work angle and some advantages over the conventional fixed surface tables. Method Designing aspect apart this Table has been experimented with for usage and stability in the garment manufacturing assembling at three different units. The pilot results have been examined in the light of work done by earlier scholars. Scope The musculoskeletal strain experienced by workers in the garment manufacturing units impacts directly on their work output resulting long term physical and socio-economic implications that tend to effect work output efficiency in the long run. Results and Findings Decreased stress levels show indications of positive usage of this work aid. However, testing is still going on to confirm the preliminary results

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Conducting a Cluster RCT on Medication Safety in Nursing Units Overtaxed by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 103-104

Author(s):

Teryl Nuckols ◽

Ed Seferian ◽

Bernice Coleman ◽

Carl Berdahl ◽

Tara Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medication Safety ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Incident Reporting ◽

Cluster Rct ◽

Nursing Unit ◽

Safety Reporting ◽

Hospital Nursing ◽

Report Quality ◽

Study Staff ◽

Preparation Phase

Abstract Medication errors continue to harm many hospitalized patients. In other high-risk industries, voluntary incident reporting is widely used to improve safety. Reporting is widely used in hospitals, but not as effectively. This AHRQ-funded cluster RCT will assess the effects of the SAFE Loop, which includes five enhancements in incident reporting implemented on hospital nursing units. Analyses will compare changes in nurses’ attitudes toward reporting, event reporting rates, report quality, and medication event rates between intervention and control arms. The COVID-19 pandemic has created both obstacles and opportunities. The intervention requires study staff to engage nursing unit directors, attend daily nursing “huddles”, and train overtaxed front-line nurses in a geographic area greatly impacted by COVID-19 surges. This created uncertainty around the best time to start the trial. Conversely, we have collected unique data on the implications of COVID-19 for medication safety while testing our instruments during the trial preparation phase.

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