scholarly journals Risk in the scope of research and innovative technological projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Rafał Hubicki ◽  
Maria Richert ◽  
Piotr Łebkowski ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka ◽  
Asja Mrotzek-Bloess
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Management Of Risk

Assessment and management of risk constitute the subject of many researches. Nevertheless, many more specific factors are applicable during the implementation of innovative technological projects. On the article identified risk factors, which have been supplemented, systematized and assigned to the individual risk categories. The risk assessment methods for R&D projects have been analysed, as well as the risk sheets have been developed for the R&D project through the use of dotProject application. Also shown that networking and clustering is a change for fruitful cooperation within difference EU projects, which create trust between business and sciences and reduce the risk.

scholarly journals Caries Risk Assessment in Adults Using the Cariogram

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-837
Author(s):  
Liliya Doitchinova ◽  
Dimitar Kirov ◽  
Janet Nikolova ◽  
Snezhanka Topalova-Pirinska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Detailed Medical History ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Non Operative Management

Introduction: This study identifies the caries risk in adult patients using the Swedish software product Cariogram. Early detection and timely management of risk factors for caries development are crucial for its prevention and non-operative preventative treatment. Aim: To identify patients at high risk for caries and implement a prophylactic program aimed at the individual patient based on the assessment of the individual risk factors. Materials and methods: The study included 59 women and 41 men aged 19&ndash;65 years. A&nbsp;detailed medical history was&nbsp;obtained from all patients who underwent thorough clinical examination, evaluation of saliva with Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) test and of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels using the CRT Bacteria kit (Ivoclar Vivadent AG products), and assessment of the caries risk using the Cariogram software. Results: The results showed that the most important risk factors were as follows: DMFT, (rs [100] = 0.358, p<0.001), levels of Lacto-bacilli (rs [100] = 0.321, p<0.001), levels of Streptococcus mutans (rs [100] = 0.302, p<0.05), plaque amount (rs [100] = 0.291, p<0.05), food intake frequency (rs [100] = 0.252, p<0.05), and diet content (rs [100] = 0.220, p<0.05). Insignificant correlation coefficients in risk assessment were shown by the application of fluorides (rs [100] = 0.114, p>0.05), saliva rate (rs [100] = 0.018, p>0.05), and saliva buffer capacity (rs [100] = 0.144, p>0.05). Conclusions: Cariogram is a very useful method in clinical practice for evaluation of the caries risk and its preventive, non-operative management.&nbsp;

scholarly journals Exploration of the risk factors contained within the UK’s existing domestic abuse risk assessment tool (DASH): do these risk factors have individual predictive validity regarding recidivism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Almond ◽  
Michelle McManus ◽  
David Brian ◽  
Daniel Peter Merrington
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore risk factors contained in the existing UK domestic abuse (DA) risk assessment tool: domestic abuse, stalking and harassment and honour-based violence (DASH) for individual predictive validity of DA recidivism using data from Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,441 DA perpetrators were monitored over a 12-month period, and 270 (18.7 per cent) went on to commit a further DA offence. The individual risk factors which were associated and predictive of increased risk of recidivism were identified. Findings Only four of the individual risk factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of DA recidivism: “criminal history”, “problems with alcohol”, “separation” and “frightened”. Therefore, 21 of the risk factor items analysed could not discriminate between non-recidivist and recidivist perpetrators. Only two risk factors were able to significantly predict the recidivist group when compared to the non-recidivist group. These were identified as “criminal history” and “separated”. Of those who did commit a further DA offence in the following 12 months, 133 were violent and 137 were non-violent. The risk factors associated with these types of recidivism are identified. Practical implications The implications for UK police practice and the DASH risk assessment tool are discussed. By identifying key individual factors that can prioritise those individuals likely to recidivate and the severity of that recidivism, this could assist police decision making regarding the response and further prevention of DA incidents. The validation of association between individual factors and DA recidivism should improve the accuracy of risk levels. Originality/value This is the first large-scale validation of the individual risk factors contained within the UK’s DA risk assessment tool. It should be noted that the validity of the DASH tool itself was not examined within the current study.

scholarly journals Financial and Labor Benefits of the Individual TB Risk Assessment Model for Annual TB Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s234-s234
Author(s):  
Kristin Sims ◽  
Roger Stienecker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

Background: Since 1991, US tuberculosis (TB) rates have declined, including among health care personnel (HCP). Non–US born persons accounted for approximately two-thirds of cases. Serial TB testing has limitations in populations at low risk; it is expensive and labor intensive. Method: We moved a large hospital system from facility-level risk stratification to an individual risk model to guide TB screening based on Tuberculosis Screening, Testing, and Treatment of US Health Care Personnel: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2019. This process included individual TB risk assessment, symptom evaluation, TB testing for M. tuberculosis infection (by either IGRA or TST) for HCP without documented evidence of prior LTBI or TB disease, with an additional workup for TB disease for HCP with positive test results or symptoms compatible with TB disease. In addition, employees with specific job codes deemed high risk were required to undergo TB screening. Result: In 2018, this hospital system of ~10,000 employees screened 7,556 HCP for TB at a cost of $348,625. In 2019, the cost of the T Spot test increased from $45 to $100 and the cost of screening 5,754 HCP through October 31, 2019, was $543,057. In 2020, it is anticipated that 755 HCP will be screened, saving the hospital an estimated minimum of $467,557. The labor burden associated with employee health personnel will fall from ~629.66 hours to 62.91 hours. The labor burden associated with pulling HCPs from the bedside to be screened will be reduced from 629.66 hours to 62.91 hours as well. Conclusion: Adoption of the individual risk assessment model for TB screening based on Tuberculosis Screening, Testing, and Treatment of US Health Care Personnel: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2019 will greatly reduce financial and labor burdens in healthcare settings when implemented.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals A Critical Analysis of Risk Factors for Selected Tropical Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith-Michael Uzoka ◽  
Christie Akwaowo ◽  
Chinyere Nwafor Okoli ◽  
Victory Ekpin ◽  
Chukwudi Nwokoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of different (non-clinical) risk factors on the populations’ predisposition to tropical diseases specifically Malaria, yellow fever, typhoid fever, chicken pox, measles, hepatitis B and UTI.Subject and Methods: Data for this study was obtained through patient diagnosis forms, distributed to physicians in Nigeria. A total of 2199 patient consultation forms were returned by 102 (out of 125) physicians, and considered useful for analysis. Demographic data of patients, physicians, and diagnosis outcomes were analysed descriptively through frequency distributions, aggregate analysis, and graphs, while the influence of risk factors on the disease manifestations (diagnosis outcomes) were determined using regression analysis.Results: Findings from our study demonstrated that the difficulty in diagnosing tropical disease was associated with significant increase in morbidity and mortality especially in patients with malaria, UTI and typhoid fever. Factors such as contact with an infected person and poor personal hygiene posed significant risk, while urbanization and homelessness, posed very low risks across all the diseases. Conclusion: The risk factors identified in our study exert differential and discriminating influences in the causation, predisposition, and transmission of these conditions, understanding the individual risk factors for each condition have significant socio-economic implications for people living in tropical and endemic regions, especially with respect to management and prevention of these conditions.

BUSINESS RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
S. A. FILIN ◽  
◽  
N. A. FADEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
The Subject

In this article, the subject of research is the methods of risk assessment in business as the main way to minimize risks when choosing a particular scenario for the development of events, as well as the difficulty in choosing a method for further analysis. The purpose of this article is to identify the most appropriate risk assessment method for a given situation and, accordingly, compare them and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the methods under consideration. The article provides examples for specific situations of the most commonly used risk assessment methods in modern business. Recommendations for the most effective application of the analyzed methods are offered, depending on the goal of risk analysis and a specific situation. The results and conclusions are presented, corresponding to the set goal.

RA09.07: SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF EARLY ESOPHAGEAL CANCER BASED ON LYMPH NODE METASTASIS RISK.

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Duan ◽  
Zhentao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Node Dissection ◽  
Early Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Esophagectomy and lymph node dissection is still the main treatment for esophageal cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection are increasingly becoming a treatment of choice to preserve the integrity of the esophagus and decrease the surgical trauma in early esophageal cancer. However, lymph node metastasos (LNM) risk is still a debate focus for the decision of treatment selection. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of LNM in early stage esophageal cancer to improve surgical treatment allocation. Methods We identified patients with pathological T1 stage esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and lymph node dissection. The pattern of LNM was analyzed and the risk factors related to LNM were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis.The nomogram model was used to estimate the individual risk of lymph node metastasis. Results In 143 patients, LNM rates were: all patients 17.5%, T1a 8.0%, and T1b 22.5% for T1b. Depth of tumor infiltration (P < 0.05), tumor size (P < 0.01), tumor location (P < 0.05), and tumor differentiation (P < 0.01) were independent risk factors related to LNM. These four parameters allowed the compilation of a nomogram to estimate the individual risk of LNM. Fig. Nomogram to estimate the individual risk of LNM. Each characteristic of the included parameters scores a specific number of points (points per parameter). The summarized total points score indicates the probability of LNM. For a middle esophageal cancer with middle differentiated (G2), 3 cm tumor (> 2.5cm) that invades the submucosa (pT1b), the calculated total scores is 129.5 = 87.5 + 21 + 0 + 21, hence the corresponding LNM risk is 20%. Conclusion T1 esophageal cancer has a relatively high LNM rate, and the depth of tumor infiltration, tumor size, tumor location and tumor differentiation are correlated with LNM. Nomograms that include factors can be used to predict individual LNM risk. The LNM risk and extent must be considered comprehensively in decision-making of a better surgical treatment and lymph node dissection strategy. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

scholarly journals Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Recurrent Falls in Elderly Patients Hospitalized after Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Hai Minh Vu ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
The Individual

Falls and recurrent falls cause great health and social consequences in older people. However, these problems are poorly understood in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed at seven hospitals in Thai Binh province, Vietnam, to investigate the individual and environmental factors associated with recurrent falls among elderly patients hospitalized due to fall injuries in Vietnam. A history of recurrent falls within the last 12 months, sociodemographic, health, and clinical characteristics, as well as environmental conditions, were obtained via self-reported interviews. Multivariate logistic and Poisson regression models were used to identify associated factors. Overall, the mean fall episodes in the last 12 months were 1.8 (Standard deviation—SD = 1.2) episodes, and the 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls was 40.5%. The individual risk factors included not receiving fall prevention guidelines, walking with devices, loss of sensation in hand or foot, and using pain relief medications. The environmental risk factors comprised having too-high stairs and not having dry, clean, and nonslippery bathrooms. This study highlights a significantly high 12-month prevalence of recurrent falls in older patients hospitalized after falls in Vietnam. Moreover, regular assessments of functional disabilities and hazardous environmental conditions, as well as the provision of prevention programs, have potential to prevent falls and recurrent falls.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION AND PREDICTION OF INDIVIDUAL RISK TO HEALTH UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO A COMPLEX OF DIFFERENT FACTORS FOR TASKS OF PERSONALIZED PROPHYLAXIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Marina A. Zemlyanova ◽  
N. V. Zaytseva ◽  
D. A. Kiryanov ◽  
O. Yu. Ustinova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Model Library ◽  
Genetic Status ◽  
Somatic Status ◽  
The Individual

Methodical approaches to the assessment and prediction of the individual risk for the development of diseases associated with the effect of a complex of heterogeneous factors, taking into account the features of the genetic and somatic status of the individual for the tasks of personalized prevention, are suggested. The conceptual basis of the methodology is the presentation of the individual risk for diseases as a quantity that varies with time depending on the level and duration of the exposure of the acting factors (evolution), with respect to the contribution of natural causes. There is presented a model describing the evolution of individual risk, which takes into account a complex system of dependencies of the indices of the body’s somatic state and genetic status on the variable exposure of factors. To assess the value of the individual risk, there are proposed a scale and a system of criteria for the assessment of the likelihood of the development of the disease with taking account of its severity. The established value of the individual risk in relation to a specific disease determines the list, scope and sequence of measures for the personalized prevention, and is also a measure of their effectiveness. A large-scale epidemiological study of the population (about 10 thousand people) from 12 regions of the Russian Federation was executed. There was obtained a system of dependencies which reflects the cause-effect relationships between indices characterizing the factors of habitat and lifestyle, the body’s somatic and genetic status (more than 500 indices), the probability of diseases associated with risk factors (about 20 nosological forms). There was created a special replenished information resource «Model Library» has been created, including parameters of more than 4 thousand adequate and reliable dependencies of cause-effect relationships, revealed by relying upon the results of own epidemiological studies and analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications. An algorithm for the estimation and prediction the individual risk has been developed for the formation of personalized prevention programs aimed at its reducing. The algorithm is implemented in the form of an information and analytical system that can be used as a tool for making managerial decisions in the field of personalized prevention of diseases associated with risk factors at the group and population levels.

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