scholarly journals Separation of Oil Emulsion with Dynamic Membrane with Surface Layer of Polystyrene

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
D. D. Fazullin ◽  
◽  
G. V. Mavrin ◽  
L. I. Fazullina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Membrane ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Membrane Particle ◽  
Oil Particles

In this paper, we studied the parameters of the process of separation of oil emulsion using a dynamic membrane of ultrafiltration PTFEg-PSd. A polymer membrane with a dynamic layer of polystyrene particles with sizes from 55 to 72 nm was obtained on a substrate of hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of a layer of spherical polystyrene particles on the membrane surface. The properties of a dynamic membrane were studied: porosity, moisture capacity, and wettability. After applying the polystyrene layer, an increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface layer of the membrane was established. For membrane separation, a 1% oil emulsion was prepared by dispersing the carbonaceous oil. The retention capacity of membranes for oil products from 1% oil emulsion was 96.4%, with a specific productivity of 113 dm3/m2·h which is not inferior to the performance of a commercial UPM-100 ultrafiltration membrane. Particle sizes of the dispersed phase in a 1% oil emulsion are distributed in the range from 229 to 1476 nm, after separation of the emulsion by a dynamic membrane, oil particles with sizes from 134 to 236 nm were detected in the filtrate, which indicates the removal of the bulk of the dispersed phase from the emulsion by ultrafiltration membranes.

scholarly journals Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Properties of Polymer Microfiltration Membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
D.D. Fazullin ◽  
◽  
G.V. Mavrin ◽  
I.G. Shaikhiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Ptfe Membrane ◽  
Oil In Water

To improve the parameters of the process of membrane separation of oil-in-water emulsions, the surface of thin-film membranes of nylon, cellulose acetateб and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was treated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the wavelength range 280–320 nm at a radiation power of 36 W, during 1–10 min. As a result of exposure to UV radiation, a change in the mass of the membranes was revealed depending on the treatment time. Thus, for membranes made of nylon and PTFE, an increase in weight is not significant, while for a membrane made of cellulose acetate, a decrease in weight up to 2.5% was found. An increase in the wettability of the surface layer of a PTFE and nylon membranes, as a result of their exposure to UV radiation, has been established. Changes in the supramolecular structure of the membranes were confirmed by the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: an increase in the intensity of absorption bands in the IR spectra in the range 600–3600 cm-1 was revealed. An increase in the intensity of the absorption bands of the IR spectra after the treatment of the nylon membrane with UV radiation is associated with the destruction of the defective regions of the surface layer of the membrane as a result of oxidative destruction. A decrease in the intensity of the absorption bands in the IR spectra of the PTFE membrane is observed over the entire spectral range. In addition, the expansion of the bases of the most intense absorption bands related to stretching vibrations of CF2 groups (1203 and 1150 cm-1) was revealed, which may be associated with the formation of the oxide group of the C–O bond. That is, the surface layer of the membrane is oxidized, which leads to an increase in the membrane wettability. UV radiation also influenced the main parameters of the membrane separation of the oil-in-water-emulsion: an increase of up to 7% in the specific productivity of membranes made of nylon and cellulose acetate, depending on the time of UV treatment with a decrease in the separation efficiency was established. When the PTFE membrane was exposed to UV radiation, a decrease in the specific productivity of the process by 14% was observed with an increase in the separation efficiency of the studied emulsion by 14%.

scholarly journals Modification of Membranes from Nylon by Microwave Radiation in Argon, Nitrogen and Atmospheric Air

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinar D. Fazullin ◽  
Elena A. Kharitonova ◽  
Gennady V. Mavrin ◽  
Ilnar A. Nasyrov
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Nylon Membrane ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Separation ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

Microfiltration thin-film membranes of nylon were treated with microwave radiation within the decimeter wavelength range in air, nitrogen and argon to increase the specific productivity and the degree of the resistant oil emulsion separation due to structural transformations in the surfaces and membrane pores. After the processing of nylon membrane in air, argon and nitrogen, the specific performance of the membranes increases during the filtration of distilled water by 1.3 times. This circumstance is connected, probably with the increase of membrane pore size. And when the oil emulsion is separated, the specific productivity is increased after the treatment in air and oxygen up to 2.3 times, and after the treatment in argon it is decreased by 2 times. The decrease in performance occurs apparently due to the crosslinking of the pores and the surface layer of the membrane. It has been established that the treatment of nylon membranes with microwave radiation in air, nitrogen and argon leads to the decrease of oil emulsion separation degree, which is explained by the membrane surface etching. The worst degree of purification makes 83% and it is observed after the separation of the emulsion with the membrane treated by microwave radiation in a nitrogen atmosphere, when the loss of membrane mass after the microwave treatment was 0.69%. The purification degree from oil is reduced in the least after the treatment in argon medium - 93, and the loss of membrane mass after treatment makes 0.26%. 

A Wall Film Model for Membrane Fouling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Jahangiri Mamouri ◽  
Volodymyr V. Tarabara ◽  
André Bénard
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Wall Film ◽  
Oil Water

Deoiling of produced or impaired waters associated with oil and gas production represents a significant challenge for many companies. Centrifugation, air flotation, and hydrocyclone separation are the current methods of oil removal from produced water [1], however the efficiency of these methods decreases dramatically for droplets smaller than approximately 15–20 μm. More effective separation of oil-water mixtures into water and oil phases has the potential to both decrease the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry and improve human well-being in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico. New membrane separation processes and design of systems with advanced flow management offer tremendous potential for improving oil-water separation efficacy. However, fouling is a major challenge in membrane separation [2]. In this study, the behavior of oil droplets and their interaction with crossflow filtration (CFF) membranes (including membrane fouling) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A model for film formation on a membrane surface is proposed for the first time to simulate film formation on membrane surfaces. The bulk multiphase flow is modeled using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model. A wall film is developed from mass and momentum balances [3] and implemented to model droplet deposition and membrane surface blockage. The model is used to predict film formation and subsequent membrane fouling, and allow to estimate the actual permeate flux. The results are validated using available experimental data.

Effect of Porous-Jump Model Parameters on Membrane Flux Prediction

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2210-2213
Author(s):  
Hong Hai Li ◽  
Yang Yang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Pressure Jump ◽  
Medium Thickness ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
Jump Model

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to study the velocity distribution on membrane surface in membrane separation process, and the effect of face permeability, porous medium thickness, and pressure-jump coefficient of porous-jump model on membrane flux. The study shows that all the three factors have important impact on membrane flux. Membrane flux increases linearly with the increase of face permeability. When the membrane thickness is between 0.04~0.1mm, the membrane flux decreases with the increase of membrane thickness. The membrane flux decreases with the increase of pressure-jump coefficient. So that there must be a complex relationship between membrane flux and face permeability, porous medium thickness, and pressure-jump coefficient.

The Effect of Flow Pulsation on Ultrafiltration System Limiting Flux Behavior

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chyouhwu Brian Huang ◽  
Hung-Shyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Oil Water

Ultrafiltration (UF) is an important industrial operation and is found in the food industry, separation of oil-water emulsions, treatment effluents from the pulp and paper industry, and environmental protection systems. Despite being widely used in these areas, UF systems exhibit a limiting flux behavior caused by concentration polarization on the membrane surface. Concentration polarization can be severe in macromolecular solutions due to low diffusivity on membrane separation and both mechanical and chemical methods have been used to reduce this phenomenon. This study introduces a new mechanical method that improves the performance of membrane separation and decreases concentration polarization. It involves pulsing the feed flow discontinuously and based on our results, feed flow velocity and solution bypass/membrane filtration time ratio are two vital factors when it comes to improving permeate flux. The proposed method is expected to find wide application, particularly in the processing of macromolecular solution.

Study on Propylene Recovery in a Dispersed Absorption System-(Water-in-Oil) Emulsion System

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 6151-6155
Author(s):  
Hong Jing Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Emulsion System ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
System Water

The purpose of the paper is to investigate propylene recovery by a new absorption system, namely water-in-oil emulsion absorbent. Water in oil emulsion, in which kerosene used as oil phase with dispersed water droplet, is prepared to be as absorbent to absorb propylene. The effect of volume fraction dispersed phase, dispersed droplet size, and the stirring rate on propylene absorption rate are researched. Experimental results indicate that the absorption rate of propylene can increase 20% compared with traditional absorption method. The volume fraction dispersed phase should be appropriate, otherwise the enhancement absorption can not be attained. The appropriate number is 0.05 for this dispersion. The smaller droplet size of dispersed phase as well as the faster stirring rate can increase the propylene absorption rate. The mechanism of enhancement propylene absorption is attributed to the intensive turbulence in boundary layer between gas and liquid due to the movement of dispersed water droplets.

Removal of manganese from water using combined chelation/membrane separation systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-C. Han ◽  
K.-H. Choo ◽  
S.-J. Choi ◽  
M.M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Regeneration Cycle ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides ◽  
Volumetric Flux

The addition of the chelating polymer polyacrylic acid (PAA) to assist in the removal of manganese from groundwater by membranes was investigated using membranes with different pore sizes under various operating conditions. Negligible manganese removal was achieved with the UF and NF membranes at acidic pH values, but removals exceeding 90% could be achieved at elevated pH (pH 9), presumably due to the formation of manganese hydroxides. Mn removal increased substantially when PAA was added to the feed solution, due to chelation of Mn by the PAA and rejection of the chelates by the membranes. The chelate could be broken at acidic pH, releasing free PAA that could then be separated from the Mn ions and reused. Smaller PAA molecules were lost in the first regeneration cycle, but negligible PAA was lost in subsequent cycles. In the systems with PAA, nitrate ions were rejected more efficiently than in the PAA-free systems, presumably because of electrical repulsion between nitrate ions and PAA sorbed on the membrane surface. With increasing PAA dose, the volumetric flux first decreased and then increased; the latter result was accompanied by a change in the physical-chemical form of the polymers, as indicated by an increase in turbidity.

scholarly journals Ceramic Membranes Photocatalytically Functionalized on the Permeate Side and Their Application to Water Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ayral
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Membrane Surface Area ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Degradation

This work deals with direct coupling of membrane separation and photocatalytic degradation by using photocatalytic ceramic membranes. An unusual configuration is considered here, with the irradiation applied on the permeate side of the membrane in order to mineralize small organic molecules not retained by the membrane. Different types of such membranes are presented. Their functional performance is quantified thanks to a simple experimental method enabling the estimation of the specific degradation rate δ, i.e., the quantity of destroyed organic molecules per unit of time and of membrane surface area. The relevance of δ for the design and scale-up of purification units is then illustrated. Finally, current technological challenges and potential solutions concerning the industrial implementation of such photocatalytic membranes are discussed.

Replacement of Secondary Clarification by Membrane Separation—Results with Tubular, Plate and Hollow Fibre Modules

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Günder ◽  
Karlheinz Krauth
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

Membrane separation systems can replace the final clarification step to separate mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in the activated sludge processes. Mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations as high as 20 g/l can be obtained compared with the typical 3-4 g/l for conventional activated sludge/secondary clarifier systems. This leads to much smaller reactor volumes. In addition, excellent, solids free effluent qualities can be achieved with this process technology. This paper reports about the parallel investigation of three membrane systems installed within or outside bioreactors of 7 to 9 m3 volume and flow rates from 1 to 3 m3/h. The different membrane modules were investigated: plate module (80 m2 membrane surface), hollow fibre module (80 m2) and tubular module (45 m2). At MLSS concentrations up to 25 g/l and water temperatures from 10 to 25°C a stable operation of the membrane systems was achieved for a period of more than one year. The energy consumption was approximately 1.5 kWh/m3 for the plate and hollow fibre and 3.0 kWh/m3 for the tubular module system.

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