Latitudinal but not elevational variation in blood glucose level is linked to life history across passerine birds

Macrophysiological research is vital to our understanding of mechanisms underpinning global life history variation and adaptation under diverse environments. Birds represent an important model taxon in this regard, yet our knowledge is limited to only a few physiological traits, mostly studied in temperate and Neotropical species. Here, we examined latitudinal and elevational variation in an emerging biomarker of physiological pace of life, blood glucose concentration, collected from 61 European temperate and 99 Afrotropical passerine species. Our data suggest that the slow physiological pace-of-life syndrome, indicated by lower baseline glucose level and stronger stress response, evolves convergently in lowland tropical birds across continents and is shaped by their low fecundity. In contrast, elevational variation in blood glucose levels implied a unique montane pace-of-life syndrome combining slow-paced life histories with fast-paced physiology. The observed patterns suggest an unequal importance of life history in shaping physiological adaptations associated with latitude and elevation.

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Oral Dextrose Gel Reduces the Need for Intravenous Dextrose Therapy in Neonatal Hypoglycemia

Biomedicine Hub ◽

10.1159/000448511 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Munmun Rawat ◽

Praveen Chandrasekharan ◽

Stephen Turkovich ◽

Nancy Barclay ◽

Katherine Perry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Term Infants ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Before And After

Background: Newborn infants with risk factors may require intravenous (IV) dextrose for asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Administration of IV dextrose and transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may interfere with parent-infant bonding. Objective: To study the effect of implementing dextrose gel supplement with feeds in late preterm/term infants affected by asymptomatic hypoglycemia on reducing IV dextrose therapy. Method: A retrospective study was conducted before and after dextrose gel use: 05/01/2014 to 10/31/2014 and 11/01/2014 to 04/30/2015, respectively. Asymptomatic hypoglycemic (blood glucose level <45 mg/dl) infants in the newborn nursery (NBN) were given a maximum of 3 doses of dextrose gel (200 mg/kg of 40% dextrose) along with feeds. Transfer to the NICU for IV dextrose was considered treatment failure. Results: Dextrose gel with feeds increased the blood glucose level in 184/250 (74%) of asymptomatic hypoglycemic infants compared to 144/248 (58%) with feeds only (p < 0.01). Transfer from the NBN to the NICU for IV dextrose decreased from 35/1,000 to 25/1,000 live births (p < 0.01). Exclusive breastfeeding improved from 19 to 28% (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Use of dextrose gel with feeds reduced the need for IV fluids, avoided separation from the mother and promoted breastfeeding. Neonates who failed dextrose gel therapy were more likely to be large for gestational age, delivered by cesarean section and had lower baseline blood glucose levels.

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Fuel for the pace of life: Baseline blood glucose concentration co-evolves with life-history traits in songbirds

Functional Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2435.13238 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 239-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Oldrich Tomasek ◽

Lukas Bobek ◽

Tereza Kralova ◽

Marie Adamkova ◽

Tomas Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Pace Of Life

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Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comusus L.) pada Tikus yang Di induksi Aloksan

Medicra (Journal of Medical Laboratory Science/Technology) ◽

10.21070/medicra.v1i1.1473 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Ayu Rochmawati ◽

Syahrul Ardiansyah

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Stem Extract

This research aims to knowing about decrease glucose levels in rat induced alloxan with the provision of pineapple stem extract (Ananas comusus L.). Previous studies have shown that bromelin can significantly reduce CD4+ lymphocytes, which are included in inflammatory diseases. One of the inflammatory diseases is diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose levels can be lowered by pineapple extract as it contains bromelin, and bromelin most widely found on the stem. The test animals used white rat strain wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) with weight is 250-300 gram acclimated for seven days. The research was divided six treatment groups: positive control, negative control, P1 (25% concentration), P2 (50% concentration), P3 (75% concentration), P4 (100% concentration). After treatment for rat in category or sampel was administered pineapple stem extract for 14 days after that experiment status blood glucose level. The results showed that rat had increased (hyperglicemic) after alloxan induced,and also in blood glucose levels in all treatment. the biggest decrease was in P4 is 44 mgdl. The statistic of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the decrease of rat blood glucose concentration at various concentration of pineapple extract influence signifificantly. According to the result that conclusion is the difference of pineapple extract concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) influence for decrease blood glucose levels and decreasing blood glucose level after 14 days, but in this time blood glucose not returned as normal conditions.

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Study of the hyperglycemic condition in diseases of liver in obese clinical patients

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6-s) ◽

pp. 204-208

Author(s):

Chander Jeet Singh ◽

Dinesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Sensory Evoked Potentials ◽

Sensory Evoked ◽

Blood Glucose Concentrations

Hyperglycemia is best documented by Whipple´s triad: symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia, low blood glucose concentration and alleviation of symptoms after the glucose concentration is raised. In experimental studies in healthy adults, the threshold for symptoms of hyperglycemia is on average a blood glucose level of 3.0 mmol/l Mitrakou reported autonomic symptoms of hyperglycemia to begin at a blood glucose level of 3.2 mmol/l, and deterioration in cognitive function tests at a level of 2.7 mmo/l. When sensory evoked potentials were measured in relation to blood glucose concentrations in infants and children with episodes of hyperglycemia, abnormalities were noted at blood glucose levels less than 2.6 mmol/l. Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose, Glycolysis.

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Cause of hypoglycemia in dogs exposed to heat

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.3.619 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 196 (3) ◽

pp. 619-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. S. Kanter

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Respiratory Muscles ◽

Stomach Tube ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Exogenous Glucose ◽

Respiratory Apparatus

When unanesthetized dogs are exposed to heat (120°F) for 4 hr. with no water available for drinking, hypoglycemia results. One would expect that the dehydration, which also occurs, should physically cause an increase in blood glucose concentration as is usually found in man. The tendency is present in dogs but the utilization of glucose is sufficiently rapid to offset the hemoconcentration and cause a fall in glucose levels even when exogenous glucose is given at the rate of 1% body wt/hr. of 11% glucose by stomach tube. This increased utilization has been demonstrated to be mainly due to involvement of the respiratory muscles which are used in the panting mechanism for no fall in blood glucose occurs under similar conditions when the animal is curarized. The evidence indicates that the hypoglycemic mechanism present in dogs is not a species phenomenon but is probably also present in man under appropriate conditions. In both man and the dog whether hypoglycemia occurs will depend upon the degree of involvement of the respiratory apparatus.

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Association between blood glucose levels and Glasgow Outcome Score in patients with traumatic brain injury: secondary analysis of a randomized trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-022-06005-5 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tao Yuan ◽

Hongyu He ◽

Yuepeng Liu ◽

Jianwei Wang ◽

Xin Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Threshold Effect ◽

Glasgow Outcome Score ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Average Blood Glucose

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels that are too high or too low after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect patient prognosis. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between blood glucose levels and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) in TBI patients. Methods This study was based on a randomized, dual-center, open-label clinical trial. A total of 208 patients who participated in the randomized controlled trial were followed up for 5 years. Information on the disease, laboratory examination, insulin therapy, and surgery for patients with TBI was collected as candidate variables according to clinical importance. Additionally, data on 5-year and 6-month GOS were collected as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. For multivariate analysis, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate relationships between blood glucose levels and GOS. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We further applied a two- piecewise linear regression model to examine the threshold effect of blood glucose level and GOS. Results A total of 182 patients were included in the final analysis. Multivariate GAM analysis revealed that a bell-shaped relationship existed between average blood glucose level and 5-year GOS score or 6-month GOS score. The inflection points of the average blood glucose level were 8.81 (95% CI: 7.43–9.48) mmol/L considering 5-year GOS as the outcome and were 8.88 (95% CI 7.43−9.74) mmol/L considering 6-month GOS score as the outcome. The same analysis revealed that there was also a bell relationship between average blood glucose levels and the favorable outcome group (GOS score ≥ 4) at 5 years or 6 months. Conclusion In a population of patients with traumatic brain injury, blood glucose levels were associated with the GOS. There was also a threshold effect between blood glucose levels and the GOS. A blood glucose level that is either too high or too low conveys a poor prognosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02161055. Registered on 11 June 2014.

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POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.06.2483 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (06) ◽

pp. 786-788

Author(s):

KIRAN BUTT ◽

FARAH DEEBA ◽

HAVAIDA ATTIQUE

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Commercial Kits ◽

The University ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the changes in the glucose level and lipid profile in patients withpolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the study: This study was conducted atInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore from June 2009 to June 2010. Patients and Methods: Total 50patients with PCOS were included and 50 age-matched control subjects were also selected for comparison. Their glucose levels and lipidprofile were assessed using commercial kits. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Significant differences(P<0.05) in fasting blood glucose level and individual parameters of lipid profile were observed in women with PCOS. A higher prevalence ofhypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, higher LDL, lower HDL and higher fasting blood glucose levels was explored in PCOS womenthan controls. Conclusions: Abnormal glucose level and lipid profile in PCOS women showed that these women are at an increased risk ofdeveloping diabetes and subsequently cardiovascular diseases.

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Ultrasound imaging identifies life history variation in resident Cutthroat Trout

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246365

Author(s):

Kellie J. Carim ◽

Scott Relyea ◽

Craig Barfoot ◽

Lisa A. Eby ◽

John A. Kronenberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Life Histories ◽

Cutthroat Trout ◽

Error Rates ◽

Reproductive Status ◽

Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽

Life History Variation ◽

Westslope Cutthroat Trout ◽

Isolated Populations

Human activities that fragment fish habitat have isolated inland salmonid populations. This isolation is associated with loss of migratory life histories and declines in population density and abundance. Isolated populations exhibiting only resident life histories may be more likely to persist if individuals can increase lifetime reproductive success by maturing at smaller sizes or earlier ages. Therefore, accurate estimates of age and size at maturity across resident salmonid populations would improve estimates of population viability. Commonly used methods for assessing maturity such as dissection, endoscopy and hormone analysis are invasive and may disturb vulnerable populations. Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive method that has been used to measure reproductive status across fish taxa. However, little research has assessed the accuracy of ultrasound for determining maturation status of small-bodied fish, or reproductive potential early in a species’ reproductive cycle. To address these knowledge gaps, we tested whether ultrasound imaging could be used to identify maturing female Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi). Our methods were accurate at identifying maturing females reared in a hatchery setting up to eight months prior to spawning, with error rates ≤ 4.0%; accuracy was greater for larger fish. We also imaged fish in a field setting to examine variation in the size of maturing females among six wild, resident populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in western Montana. The median size of maturing females varied significantly across populations. We observed oocyte development in females as small as 109 mm, which is smaller than previously documented for this species. Methods tested in this study will allow researchers and managers to collect information on reproductive status of small-bodied salmonids without disrupting fish during the breeding season. This information can help elucidate life history traits that promote persistence of isolated salmonid populations.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF AMLA JUICE IN REDUCING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES IN A SELECTED AREA OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

THE RESEARCH RESERVOIR ◽

10.47211/trr.2021.v07i01.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mrs. Vanitha. S s ◽

Dr. Pramjit kaur

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Control Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Experimental Group

Challenges in lifestyle, such as increasesin energy intake and decreasesin physical activity are causing overweight and obesity leading to epidemic increases in type II Diabetes Mellitus. The research approach used for this study was evaluative approach and the research design was true experimental design. 60 patients with type II diabetes, 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group were selected for this study by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected with the help of self-structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square, paired ‘t’ test) were used to analyse the data and to test the hypotheses. In the experimental group,the pre-test mean score was 2.966, mean percentage was 59% and standard deviation was 1.129 and in post-testmean score was 2.533, mean percentage was 50.66% and standard deviation was 1.074 with effectiveness of 8.34% and paired‘t’ test value of t=3.971,which was statistically significant (p<0.05) which is an evidence ofthe effectiveness of Amla juice in reducing blood glucose level. Comparison of blood glucose levels in experimental and control groups, shows that the value is statistically highly significant, as was observed from the unpaired ‘t’ test value of 13.39 with P value of <0.05, which is an evidence indicatingthe effect of Amla juice in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels. The resultsfound that the administration of Amla juice did have aneffect in reducing blood glucose level in the experimental group. By comparing the findings of pre-test and post test between the experimental group and the control group,the effect was identified (assessed). The study concluded that the Amlajuice is effective in reducing blood glucose level.

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Comparison of Functional Regression and Functional Principal Component Regression for Estimating Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Level

Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications ◽

10.29244/ijsa.v5i1p14-25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 14-25

Author(s):

Nurul Fadhilah ◽

Erfiani Erfiani ◽

Indahwati Indahwati

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Principal Component Regression ◽

Principal Component ◽

Functional Regression ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Functional Principal Component

The calibration method is an alternative method that can be used to analyze the relationship between invasive and non-invasive blood glucose levels. Calibration modeling generally has a large dimension and contains multicolinearities because usually in functional data the number of independent variables (p) is greater than the number of observations (p>n). Both problems can be overcome using Functional Regression (FR) and Functional Principal Component Regression (FPCR). FPCR is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In FPCR, the data is transformed using a polynomial basis before data reduction. This research tried to model the equations of spectral calibration of voltage value excreted by non-invasive blood glucose level monitoring devices to predict blood glucose using FR and FPCR. This study aimed to determine the best calibration model for measuring non-invasive blood glucose levels with the FR and FPCR. The results of this research showed that the FR model had a bigger coefficient determination (R2) value and lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Root Mean Square Error Prediction (RMSEP) value than the FPCR model, which was 12.9%, 5.417, and 5.727 respectively. Overall, the calibration modeling with the FR model is the best model for estimate blood glucose level compared to the FPCR model.

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