scholarly journals Organic Agriculture: The logical sequence to modern chemical agriculture in the Philippine context

2010 ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodoro Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Logical Sequence

Organic agriculture, which is also described as less fossil fuel-dependent and agrochemical-free agriculture, is now perceived as the logical sequence to the food production systems which are dependent on agro-chemical inputs from production to processing. This paper discusses the situations and factors that should be considered in the crucial process of shifting approaches to food production systems to achieve food security in the new millennium. In the past, farmers shifted with government support to chemical agriculture to produce the food requirements of the burgeoning population. Soils are badly degraded from the use of chemical fertilizer and pest populations are so complex and crop failures associated with no application of pesticides are widely known. Withdrawal from agrochemical use will mean huge yield reduction without soil fertility restoration and any further yield decline is unacceptable both to the farmers and the consumers. The shift to organic agriculture requires soil fertility restoration, breeding/selection of seeds for organic agriculture, adoption of cultural management practices and shifting monocropping to diverse planting, integrated nutrient management and ecological pest management systems, among others. Farmers need full government support to shift to organic agriculture. Moreover, the society or the consumers need to realize that the shift to organic agriculture is for their own benefit, hence, they need to appreciate, understand, cooperate, patronize and put premium value to organic agriculture products. The superior quality of organic products should be appreciated and should be translated to higher price. Organic agriculture production should be complemented with a change in consumer preferences or consumption patterns. It should be translated into a demand that will lead to changes in the supply side thereby changing the agricultural production systems that our Filipino farmers currently adopt.

scholarly journals Carbon fractions and soil fertility affected by tillage and sugarcane residue management an Xanthic Udult

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Maria Lopes ◽  
Shirlei Almeida Assunção ◽  
Ana Paula Pessim de Oliveira ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Carbon Fractions

The gradual change in management practices in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production from burning straw to a green harvesting system, as well as the use of minimum soil tillage during field renovation, may affect soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) contents. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of sugar cane production systems on: (1) soil fertility parameters; (2) on physical carbon fractions; (3) and on humic substance fractions, in a long-term experiment, comparing two soil tillage and two residue management systems an Xanthic Udult, in the coastal tableland region of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of plots (conventional tillage (CT) or minimum tillage (MT)) and subplots (residue burned or unburned at harvesting), with five replicates The highest values of Ca2+ + Mg2+ and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed in the MT system in all soil layers, while high values of K+ were observed in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. The CT associated with the burned residue management negatively influenced the TOC values, especially in the 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m layers. The carbon in the humin fraction and organic matter associated with minerals were significantly different among the tillage systems; the MT showed higher values than the CT. However, there were no significant differences between the sugarcane residue management treatments. Overall, fractioning the SOM allowed for a better understanding of tillage and residue management systems effects on the soil properties.

scholarly journals Improving the productivity and sustainability of terrestrial and aquatic food production systems: future perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. CRUTE ◽  
J. F. MUIR
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Aquatic Food

SUMMARYTo meet the increasing global demand for food that is predicted over the coming decades it will be necessary to increase productivity and to do this in a way that is sustainable and efficient in its use of resources. Productivity is currently determined by the intrinsic genetic potential of the domestic plants and animals on which mankind is dependent as well as by components of the biophysical environment (temperature, water availability and quality, soil fertility, parasites, pathogens, weeds) from which terrestrial or aquatic food production is derived. Within certain limits, it is possible to manipulate plant and animal genotypes, the production environment, and the inevitable interaction between these factors, to relax constraints on productivity and potential output. Looking to the future, increased scientific understanding will undoubtedly permit this manipulation to be achieved more effectively, thus enabling the scale of production to be elevated predictably while reducing reliance on non-renewable inputs and limiting the use of more forest, grassland, wetland or coastal margin. The present paper introduces a collection of reviews that were commissioned as part of the UK's Government Office of Science Foresight Project on Global Food and Farming Futures which reports early in 2011. The reviews explore opportunities for advances in science and technology to impact in coming decades on the sustainable productivity of terrestrial and aquatic food production systems. Collectively, they describe many of the approaches currently being considered to define, remove or relax the different genetic or environmental constraints limiting sustainable food production. These include: potential impacts of climate change on aquatic systems, the application of biotechnology, genetics and the development of systems to improve livestock, fish and crop production; approaches to the management of parasites and pathogens; weed control in crops; management of soil fertility; approaches to countering problems of water shortage; reducing post-harvest wastage; the role of advanced engineering and the potential for increasing food production in urban environments.

scholarly journals Cadenas agroalimentarias orgánicas en el sur de chile: tensiones que condicionan su puesta en valorOrganic agrifood chain in southern Chile: Tensions conditioning its potential value

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (47) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ríos Núñez ◽  
Leonor Núñez Yañez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Production Models

ResumenEl modelo industrial de producción de alimentos ha incentivado la emergencia de cadenas agrarias alternativas. Estas suponen modelos de producción fuertemente vinculados al territorio y tienen la finalidad de transitar desde la producción industrial a la captura de valor por medio de sistemas de producción que garanticen la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria. Esta investigación analiza el funcionamiento de la agricultura orgánica en Chile, en tanto producción agraria no convencional, con la finalidad de perfilar su desarrollo como una estrategia de captura de valor y producción de alimentos saludables especialmente para pequeños productores agrarios. Se busca visibilizar modelos de producción que reconectan el flujo de producción-circulación-consumo a través de un mecanismo de gobernanza que posibilite la captura de valor en el territorio.AbstractThe current judgement of the agro-food industrial production has encouraged the emergence of alternative agro-food chains. These involves production models strongly linked to the territory, and that aim to transition from industrial production to capture value through production systems that ensure food security and sovereignty. This research analyzes the performance of organic agriculture in Chile, while unconventional agricultural production, in order to shape its development as a strategy to capture value and healthy food production especially for small farmers in order to visualize models production reconnect the production circulation-consumption through a governance mechanism that enables the capture of value in the territory.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Fruit Quality and Consumer Preferences Among Three Cold-climate Strawberry Production Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Stevens ◽  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
Brent L. Black ◽  
Judith A. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Marketable Fruit

In consumer-harvested marketing, crop management practices and production systems directly affect the experience of the customer. An experiment was designed to compare overall consumer preference and fruit quality characteristics among three perennial cold-climate strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production systems: conventional matted row (CMR), advanced matted row (AMR), and cold-climate plasticulture (CCP). Replicate plots of each system were maintained for two harvest seasons. Volunteers harvested subplots in each system and completed a survey to evaluate pick-your-own consumer preferences. The CCP system was preferred by a majority of consumers in the first year, whereas the AMR system was rated highest in the second year. Preferences were positively correlated with ease of harvest and fruit appearance and negatively correlated with the percentage of fruit unfit for harvest. Fruit quality measurements made on marketable fruit in the second harvest season indicated that there were no treatment differences in titratable acidity or soluble solids concentration, but significantly lower fruit firmness in the CCP treatment compared with CMR and AMR.

scholarly journals 121 The impact of changing consumer preferences on production and management practices at cow-calf level

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Robbi H Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Changes in cow-calf operations and management need to be deliberate and focus on consumer preferences that are substantive and enduring. For the sake of argument these preference changes could include: 1) continued erosion of the image of the cattle industry; 2) growth in demand of high quality grade beef, likely branded, and available at an affordable price; 3) production systems that yield improvements in cattle health, have a lesser environmental impact, and demonstrate prudent animal care and well-being; 4) Specification systems that may or may not include stipulations such as grass fed or non-implanted. At the ranch level there will be continued pressure to pursue rapid, efficient growth, marbling, structural soundness, and immunocompetence via genetic selection. A major step to reduce health problems is to reduce co-mingling. To achieve this goal breeding programs will change to improve the genetic and phenotypic uniformity and possibly the heterosis of the calf crop on each ranch. The National calving season needs to be more uniformly distributed throughout the year. New, more relevant cattle performance metrics will be developed. Calves that fit a branded production stream will have more value. Production streams that require Verified processes will be inequitably distributed across herd size because of associated costs, forcing smaller herds to either coop, vertically integrate, or accept generic cattle prices. Because of the diversity of environments and corresponding compatible bio-types of cows, identifying the profitable combination of specific branded systems with the genetics, calving season, labor, resource management and nutrition program of the ranch is very complicated. It will be increasingly necessary to put incremental response assessments in the context of the greater production-product system. Successful adaptors will place a much greater reliance on strong technical support in the areas of genetics, nutrition, growth, animal handling, documentation, and branded production streams.

scholarly journals Effect of Certification on Adoption and Sustainability of Organic Agricultural Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Raphael Gikunda ◽  
David Lawver
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Central Kenya

This study highlights the importance of certification on the adoption and sustainability of organic agriculture (OA). The research took place in four counties of Central Kenya; Nyeri, Muranga, Kirinyaga, and Kiambu. Data were gathered from 329 farmers selected through stratified random sampling. A valid and a reliable (sustainability, α = .96; adoption, α = .84) semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. MANOVA followed with discriminant analysis was used to establish the differences between certified and non-certified farmers. The adoption levels of pest and disease control, weed, soil, and water management practices were higher among the certified farmers compared to non-certified farmers. Certified farmers also reported higher scores in the three dimensions of sustainability; ecological, social, and economic sustainability. Certification accounted for 15% of the variance in the adoption and sustainability of OA, Ʌ = .85, F (7, 313) = 7.87, p < .05, ηp2 = .15. Certification had a large effect on the adoption and sustainability of OA. This can be attributed to need to meet certification and market requirements, better access to extension information, and premium prices attracted by certified produce. Therefore, non-certified farmers should be encouraged to certify their production systems. Increased contacts between farmers and extension agents is also a basic necessity. Keywords: adoption; certification; organic agriculture; diffusion of innovations; sustainability

scholarly journals Root Pruning Effects on Growth and Yield of Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Horacio E. Alvarado-Raya ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration

Annual production systems for red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) have been proposed for off-season production or for increasing crop diversity in warm winter climates. However, yields in these annual systems are low compared with annual yields in perennial production systems. The yield reduction may be from the root pruning that occurs during removal and shipment of the canes from the nursery. This would result in significant root loss and may decrease the availability of root carbohydrates for reproductive development. To investigate this, ‘Cascade Delight’ red raspberry plants were root pruned during dormancy, and growth and fruiting of these plants were compared with non root-pruned controls the next season. Dry weights of all organs except floricane stems increased throughout the growing season; however, root pruning decreased root, floricane lateral, and total fruit dry weight compared with no root pruning. The yield decrease observed in root-pruned plants was because of a decrease in flower and fruit number per cane compared with the control. Total carbohydrate concentration in roots of root-pruned and non root-pruned plants decreased significantly between pruning and budbreak; however, root carbohydrate concentration and content were always lower in root-pruned compared with non root-pruned plants. The lower root carbohydrate availability in root-pruned compared with non root-pruned plants during budbreak apparently limited flower bud formation/differentiation, resulting in decreased yield. These results suggest that yields in annual red raspberry production systems are limited because of the loss of root carbohydrates during removal from the nursery. Management practices that increase yield per plant (e.g., by ameliorating root loss) or increase yields per hectare (e.g., by increasing planting density) are needed to render the annual production system economically viable.

Diversity and population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes in commercial and smallholder pineapple production in Kenya

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Agnes W. Kiriga ◽  
Danny Coyne ◽  
Janet G. Atandi ◽  
Nikolai V. Beek ◽  
Solveig Haukeland
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) cause significant yield reduction in commercial pineapple (Ananas comosus) worldwide. In Kenya, few nematode studies have been conducted, although the main commercial pineapple producer has sole dispensation to use Telone II (1,3-Dichloropropene) indicating the magnitude of the nematode problem. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the population densities and diversity of nematodes in two commercial plantations with two contrasting management practices. We additionally assessed the influence of crop age and compared this with nearby smallholder pineapple production systems. Soil and root samples were collected from fields of different ages in each commercial plantation and from 29 smallholder fields. A total of 18 genera were associated with pineapple, with a relatively greater diversity found in smallholder than commercial farms. The most prevalent genus was Meloidogyne spp. (M. javanica) followed by Helicotylenchus spp., Tylenchus spp. and Aphelenchoides spp. PPN densities were higher in relatively older fields of 24 and 36 months than from fallow and 3-month-old fields. Regression analysis additionally demonstrated the rise of PPN densities with age of pineapple fields, especially Meloidogyne spp., while free-living nematode densities declined. This study provides an indication of the high level of PPN infection in pineapple in Kenya, which would constitute an important factor contributing to low yields. The study confirms an obvious need for pineapple producers to control PPN to improve crop yields.

scholarly journals Facing Change through Diversity: Resilience and Diversification of Plant Management Strategies during the Mid to Late Holocene Transition at the Monte Castelo Shellmound, SW Amazonia

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Laura P. Furquim ◽  
Jennifer Watling ◽  
Lautaro M. Hilbert ◽  
Myrtle P. Shock ◽  
Gabriela Prestes-Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
History Of

Recent advances in the archaeology of lowland South America are furthering our understanding of the Holocene development of plant cultivation and domestication, cultural niche construction, and relationships between environmental changes and cultural strategies of food production. This article offers new data on plant and landscape management and mobility in Southwestern Amazonia during a period of environmental change at the Middle to Late Holocene transition, based on archaeobotanical analysis of the Monte Castelo shellmound, occupied between 6000 and 650 yr BP and located in a modern, seasonally flooded savanna–forest mosaic. Through diachronic comparisons of carbonized plant remains, phytoliths, and starch grains, we construct an ecology of resource use and explore its implications for the long-term history of landscape formation, resource management practices, and mobility. We show how, despite important changes visible in the archaeological record of the shellmound during this period, there persisted an ancient, local, and resilient pattern of plant management which implies a degree of stability in both subsistence and settlement patterns over the last 6000 years. This pattern is characterized by management practices that relied on increasingly diversified, rather than intensive, food production systems. Our findings have important implications in debates regarding the history of settlement permanence, population growth, and carrying capacity in the Amazon basin.

scholarly journals Delineation of Land Management Units in Tropical South Deccan Plateau of India

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ramamurthy ◽  
◽  
K.M. Nair ◽  
S.C. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
S. Srinivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Deccan Plateau

Soils are highly variable spatially due to soil forming and processes. Spatial variation of soil properties cause uneven patterns in soil fertility and crop growth, and use efficiency of externally applied resources. Application of variable rates of inputs needs partitioning of land units into homogenous land and management units (LMU), for production benefits and to minimize the adverse environmental impacts. The soil and site characteristics namely texture, depth and gravelliness, land use and climate are integrated to identify land units. Crop based production systems varied in different land units, production systems were super imposed on the delineated land units in GIS to identify the LMUs. Methodology was tested in Mysore district of Karnataka, where in 12 LMUs identified and delineated at district level. To verify the methodology, performance of crops vis-à-vis management practices followed in different LMUs was compared to plan appropriate land management decisions for current and future land use to ensure its sustainability.

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