The use of hollow sphere pigments as strength additives in paper and paperboard coatings—Part 2: Optimization in paperboard formulations for opacity and strength

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
BRIAN EINSLA ◽  
ETHAN GLOR ◽  
JOHN ROPER ◽  
JEFF LEITINGER ◽  
NICK NICHOLAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Small Hsps ◽  
Equivalent Strength ◽  
Architectural Coating ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Hot Melt ◽  
Scatter Light

This report aims to summarize the efforts in testing the properties of coatings for paperboard utilizing hollow sphere pigments (HSPs). HSPs are known to effectively scatter light and replace titanium dioxide (TiO2) in architectural coating formulations. The effect of the particle size and void fraction was evaluated, along with many coating parameters, including level of addition, binder chemistry, and blends of two HSPs. The small HSPs that have optimized voids for scattering light showed equivalent strength to the TiO2-containing control. The strength data was surprising, particularly the improvement in strength for coatings containing large particle size HSPs. Because of this increase in strength, four parts of binder could be removed, which allowed for higher brightness while not compromising other properties, including hot melt glueability. These trends held true using different binder chemistries (styrene acrylic, vinyl acrylic, and styrene butadiene). Upon refining the formulations further, blends of two HSPs showed further benefit.

Particle Size, Structure and Powdering Process of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Filled Powdered Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Zhou Da Zhang ◽  
Xue Mei Chen ◽  
Guo Liang Qu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
New Particles

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) filled powdered styrene-butadiene rubber (P(SBR/CaCO3) was prepared by adding nano-CaCO3 particles, encapsulant and coagulant to styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex by coacervation, and the particle size distribution, structure were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the (P(SBR/CaCO3) particle structure, and a powdering model was proposed to describe the powdering process. The process includes: (i) the latex particles associated with the dispersed nano-CaCO3 particles (adsorption process) to form “new particles” and (ii) the formation of P(SBR/CaCO3) by coagulating “new particles”. The SEM results also shown that the nano-CaCO3 and rubber matrix have formed a macroscopic homogenization in the (P(SBR/CaCO3) particles and nano-CaCO3 dispersed uniformly in the rubber matrix with an average diameter of approximately 50 nm.

The use of hollow sphere pigments as strength additives in paper and paperboard coatings—Part 1: The predictive nature of packing models on coating properties

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 585-593
Author(s):  
ETHAN GLOR ◽  
BRIAN EINSLA ◽  
JOHN ROPER ◽  
JIAN YANG ◽  
VALERIY GINZBURG
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Particle Packing ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Thermal Paper ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Better Than

Hollow sphere pigments (HSPs) are widely used at low levels in coated paper to increase coating bulk and to provide gloss to the final sheet. However, HSPs also provide an ideal system through which one can examine the effect of pigment size and particle packing within a coating due to their unimodal and tunable particle sizes. The work presented in Part 1 and Part 2 of this study will discuss the use of blends of traditional inorganic pigments and HSPs in coating formulations across a variety of applications for improved coating strength. Part 1 of this study focuses on the theory of bimodal spherical packing and demonstrates the predictive nature of packing models on the properties of coating systems containing HSPs of two different sizes. This study also examines conditions where the model fails by examining the effect of particle size on coating strength in sytems like thermal paper basecoats where the non-HSP component has a broad particle size distribution, and how these surprising trends can be used to generate better-than-expected thermal printing performance in systems with low HSP/clay ratios. Part 2 of this study focuses on the incorporation of HSPs of different particle sizes into paperboard formulations to affect coating strength and opacity.

Hevea Latex of Large Particle Size

1939 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1509-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McGavack
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Large Particle Size

scholarly journals Influence of Particle Size and Drug Load on Amorphous Solid Dispersions Containing pH-Dependent Soluble Polymers and the Weak Base Ketoconazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Monschke ◽  
Kevin Kayser ◽  
Karl G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Amorphous Solid Dispersions ◽  
Drug Load ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Eudragit L100 ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Hot Melt

AbstractAmong the great number of poorly soluble drugs in pharmaceutical development, most of them are weak bases. Typically, they readily dissolve in an acidic environment but are prone to precipitation at elevated pH. This was aimed to be counteracted by the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using the pH-dependent soluble polymers methacrylic acid ethylacrylate copolymer (Eudragit L100–55) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) via hot-melt extrusion. The hot-melt extruded ASDs were of amorphous nature and single phased with the presence of specific interactions between drug and polymer as revealed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The ASDs were milled and classified into six particle size fractions. We investigated the influence of particle size, drug load, and polymer type on the dissolution performance. The best dissolution performance was achieved for the ASD made from Eudragit L100–55 at a drug load of 10%, whereby the dissolution rate was inversely proportional to the particle size. Within a pH-shift dissolution experiment (from pH 1 to pH 6.8), amorphous-amorphous phase separation occurred as a result of exposure to acidic medium which caused markedly reduced dissolution rates at subsequent higher pH values. Phase separation could be prevented by using enteric capsules (Vcaps Enteric®), which provided optimal dissolution profiles for the Eudragit L100–55 ASD at a drug load of 10%.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Washing Using Oxalic Acid on Arsenic Speciation and Bioaccessibility in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Yeseul Gwon ◽  
Seong Ryeol Kim ◽  
Eun Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
Amorphous Oxides ◽  
Particle Size Fractions

Objectives : Soil washing process has been widely applied for remediation of contaminated soil with arsenic and heavy metals in Korea. The application of soil washing could change physical and chemical properties of soils and metal speciation in soil, which could affect the risk to the environment and human health. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate metal and arsenic speciation and their mobility in soil after soil remediation in order to evaluate effectiveness of soil remediation process and manage soil quality effectively. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of arsenic in soil after remediation of arsenic contaminated soil via soil washing.Methods : Arsenic contaminated soil collected at the abandoned mine site was washing with oxalic acid. The arsenic contaminated soil was divided into 2,000-500 µm, 500-250 µm, 250-150 µm, 150-75 µm, 75-38 µm, < 38 µm particle size fractions. After soil washing for each soil particle size fraction, arsenic speciation via sequential extraction and bioaccessibility in the soils were evaluated. Results and Discussion : Generally, arsenic and metal concentrations were higher in the soil fractions with smaller particle sizes. But high arsenic concentration was observed at the large particle size fractions (>250 µm), which might be due to the presence of mineral phases containing arsenic such as arsenolite or pyrite in the large particle size fraction soils. Sequential extraction showed that arsenic in mine soils was majorly present as associated with amorphous oxides. After soil washing with oxalic acid, arsenic in soils associated with amorphous oxides was greatly decreased, whereas the arsenic fraction associated sulfide and organic matter was increased. Soil washing decreased the bioaccessible arsenic concentration (mg/kg) in soil, but increased the bioaccessibility (%) depending on the soil characteristics. Conclusions : Soil washing changed arsenic species in soils, which affected mobility and risk of arsenic in soil.

Solution-Responsive Particle Size Adaptivity in Lagrangian Vortex Particle Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Stock ◽  
Adrin Gharakhani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Method ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Particle Methods ◽  
Core Size ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vortex Particle Method ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Vortex Particle

Abstract In order to minimize the computational resources necessary for a given level of accuracy in a Lagrangian Vortex Particle Method, a novel particle core size adaptivity scheme has been created. The method adapts locally to the solution while preventing large particle size gradients, and optionally adapts globally to focus effort on important regions. It is implemented in the diffusion solver, which uses the Vorticity Redistribution Method, by allowing and accounting for variations in the core radius of participating particles. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this new method on the diffusion of a δ-function and impulsively started flow over a circular cylinder at Re = 9,500. In each case, the adaptive method provides solutions with marginal loss of accuracy but with substantially fewer computational elements.

Microwave-assisted removal of sulfur in large particle size coal by bromine water

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 119838
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Mu ◽  
Jinfang Liu ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Cunbao Deng ◽  
Zhixin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
Bromine Water ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Investigation of the Particle Size Effect on the Peritectic Melting of FeSn2 Particles in FeSn2-FeSn Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Young Soon Kwon ◽  
Pyuck Pa Choi ◽  
Ji Soon Kim ◽  
Dae Hwan Kwon ◽  
K.B. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Incongruent Melting ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Peritectic Melting

The particle size effect on the peritectic melting of FeSn2 particles in FeSn-FeSn2 nanocomposites was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. FeSn-10 wt.% FeSn2 compounds, mechanically milled for 30 min and slowly heated in a differential scanning calorimeter, showed incongruent melting at 680 K. Although FeSn2 grains grew from 10 to 40 nm upon heating before peritectic melting set in, the melting temperature was more than 100 K lower than the equilibrium value. A small latent heat during peritectic melting and a large amount of interfacial energy of FeSn-FeSn2 nanocomposites are held responsible for this large particle size effect. Grain growth is hardly possible in the case of rapid local heating during mechanical milling. Therefore, a decrease in the peritectic melting temperature is even expected to be substantially larger.

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