Good Reasons?

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Christoph Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Philosophical Debates

This chapter attempts to identify discursive commonalities in a critical manner. If categories from practical philosophy are of significance for understanding social norms and how these can be adequately described, then taking a look at the philosophical discourse provides an entry point. Of course, speaking of practical philosophy as such is somewhat limiting in light of the sheer breadth of such discourse, even more so in that philosophical debates are contentious not only in their solutions but in the very definition of problems. However, the chapter makes the attempt nevertheless. Its focus here is driven by the presumption that at least the identification of problems is not too vague an enterprise in contemporary practical philosophy, and that it indeed plays a decisive role for a theory of the normative. Möllers analyzes the deficits of philosophical concepts of normativity, focusing on theories that conceive of norms as reasons for action. He concludes that they fail to offer an adequate description of the social practice of the normative.

scholarly journals DOBRYNYA NIKITICH AND HIS TIME: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND PROSPECTS OF STUDYING THE IMAGE OF THE EPIC HERO

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
S.V. Kozlovsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Epic Hero ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Written Sources

Historical memory in texts and practices manifests itself ambiguously. It is not always possible to believe even written sources. Epic tradition was lucky - there are many versions of epic texts that have passed the test of time, eliminated all that was considered implausible. But the epics also experienced the negative influence of time, which manifested itself in the addition, rethinking, loss of certain parts of the text. Therefore, their historical study is impossible without reconstruction, the definition of texts on the time of appearance and connection with the social practice of the corresponding period. There is a gap between the epics and Chronicles, reflecting the difference in the perception of events, but they are connected by a common social practice, historical entourage, able to show the belonging of the epics to a certain time and space. The era’s entourage is most connected with the image of the hero. The article considers the attempts and prospects of studying the epic era on the example of the image of Dobrynya Nikitich.

scholarly journals Professional Discourse as Social Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Blanca Irimiea
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Professional discourse (PD) has come under close scrutiny for the last two-to-three decades. The discipline termed ’professional discourse’ developed side by side with the related fields of organizational discourse, workplace discourse, institutional discourse, and more recently, corporate discourse, all related to or rather subservient to specific forms of communication. From the earliest studies and continuing today, communication-related studies have been interdisciplinary, drawing on sociology, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, and any discipline that could shed light on human behaviour in particular settings. It is the purpose of the present article to show the link between professional discourse and social practice and to link it to sociological theories. The study goes out from a presentation of PD (Gunnarson 1997), the differences between the terms ‘institutional discourse’ and ’professional discourse’ as proposed by Sarangi and Roberts (1999: 15-19), Koester’s definition of ’institutional discourse’, Gotti’s notion of ’specialist discourse’, Drew and Heritage’s (1992:3) notion of ’institutional talk’. The characteristics of PD are viewed in terms of the functions it may perfom and draw on Chiappini and Nickerson (1999), Linell (1998), Mertz (2007), and Kong (2014). Social practice and social practice theory, on the other hand, build on the tenets of Bourdieu (1989), Giddens (1984), Schatzki (2002), Reckwitz (2002), Jackson (2005) and Holtz (2014). While discourse, in general, has been viewed from the social structuration perspective by SFL and CDA scholars, the PD relationship to social practice followed the social constructionist appfoach. PD is explicated through the role discourse plays in professional socialization and identity creation (Kong 2014, Smith 2005). Other notions, such as Wenger’s (1998) ’community of practice’, ’shared repertoire’ are discussed in relation to the use of PD as well. Finally, possible directions for further research inquiry are put forward.

scholarly journals Professional Discourse as Social Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Silvia Blanca Irimiea
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Professional discourse (PD) has come under close scrutiny for the last two-to-three decades. The discipline termed ’professional discourse’ developed side by side with the related fields of organizational discourse, workplace discourse, institutional discourse, and more recently, corporate discourse, all related to or rather subservient to specific forms of communication. From the earliest studies and continuing today, communication-related studies have been interdisciplinary, drawing on sociology, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, and any discipline that could shed light on human behaviour in particular settings. It is the purpose of the present article to show the link between professional discourse and social practice and to link it to sociological theories. The study goes out from a presentation of PD (Gunnarson 1997), the differences between the terms ‘institutional discourse’ and ’professional discourse’ as proposed by Sarangi and Roberts (1999: 15-19), Koester’s definition of ’institutional discourse’, Gotti’s notion of ’specialist discourse’, Drew and Heritage’s (1992:3) notion of ’institutional talk’. The characteristics of PD are viewed in terms of the functions it may perfom and draw on Chiappini and Nickerson (1999), Linell (1998), Mertz (2007), and Kong (2014). Social practice and social practice theory, on the other hand, build on the tenets of Bourdieu (1989), Giddens (1984), Schatzki (2002), Reckwitz (2002), Jackson (2005) and Holtz (2014). While discourse, in general, has been viewed from the social structuration perspective by SFL and CDA scholars, the PD relationship to social practice followed the social constructionist appfoach. PD is explicated through the role discourse plays in professional socialization and identity creation (Kong 2014, Smith 2005). Other notions, such as Wenger’s (1998) ’community of practice’, ’shared repertoire’ are discussed in relation to the use of PD as well. Finally, possible directions for further research inquiry are put forward.

scholarly journals Translation of Abbreviations in International Relations (IR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Inherent Part

Abbreviation, as an old phenomenon in linguistics, is an inherent part of the technical texts and daily communications and as time goes on, making and using abbreviations is rapidly growing. The widespread usage of abbreviations has brought these linguistic formations into the field of translation. The present study aims to investigate differences in translation strategies of abbreviation when they appear in texts produced in different discourses and genres that need to be translated following social norms and conventions of the target language. To analyze abbreviations, their linguistic structures have been thoroughly discussed and they were analyzed according to the taxonomy proposed by Mattiello (2013). Fairclough`s (1995) model of CDA has been adopted to show that translation, as it deals with language, is a social practice and social conventions and norms govern the translation strategies of abbreviations adopted by translators. In this regard, a corpus of 300 abbreviations was circulated. 150 abbreviations were collected from 5 translated books from English to Persian in the field of IR and their translation strategies were compared to 150 abbreviations that were translated in news texts concerning the same genre. The result indicated that while abbreviations in Persian scientific books were mostly borrowed, abbreviations in Persian news texts were translated by descriptive strategy. This implies that translation practice is inconsistent with the social norms and conventions of the target language society and it is the genre and discourse of the text that determines how a text must be translated.   

scholarly journals Use of Social Norms in the Production of Legal Norms : A Genealogical and Critical Approach to Nudges

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
Anne Brunon-Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Terms

The text looks into the conditions justifying the use of a social norm as the basis for establishing a legally binding rule. It starts with the definition of some key-terms (nudges, behavioural insights, social norms) before describing initiatives led by the UK Nudge Unit and other behaviourally-informed policies, such as default options, used in a legal context. This helps to highlight the type of problems related to the incorporation of social norms in legal norms, especially the importance of deviance to the social norm. Jeremy Bentham’s and Michel Foucault’s writings can be used to solve the problems raised. A framework can be devised to explain when a social norm can legitimately be incorporated in a legal norm. Indeed, beyond statistical evidence which identifies recurring patterns of behaviour, only a meta-norm can justify the choice of a legal norm. It is the efficacy of the norm which appears as a legitimising factor as it allows the promotion either of the productive forces in society (according to Foucault) or of utilitarian principles (according to Bentham). However, it seems that this meta-norm can be legitimately imposed only if it emanates from a strict deliberative discipline and is publicised. The article thus concludes that deliberation and publicity are the two means allowing to check that the legal norm complies with the meta-norm, thus legitimising the use of a social norm as a legally binding rule.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Carey Seal
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Critical Practice ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Given

Seneca’s description of the social dimensions of philosophy, and his use of social background in clarifying and defending his conception of what philosophy is and can be, marks not a retreat from but rather a vindication and extension of the Socratic ideal of philosophy as a critical practice. Seneca does not simply encode social norms in philosophical language, but rather in his writings stages a subtle interplay between the two that shows both how philosophy necessarily takes its beginnings from an existing social world and how philosophy’s scrutiny of that world can yield challenging and unexpected conclusions. Seneca gives us a philosophy that is neither a complacent recapitulation of the given nor an arid abstraction decoupled from social practice, but rather a genuine art of living.

scholarly journals Authority Relationship From a Societal Perspective: Social Representations of Obedience and Disobedience in Austrian Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fattori ◽  
Simone Curly ◽  
Amrei C. Jörchel ◽  
Maura Pozzi ◽  
Dominik Mihalits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Destructive Obedience ◽  
Free Word

Obedience and disobedience have always been salient issues for both civil society and social psychologists. Since Milgram’s first studies on destructive obedience there has not been a bottom-up definition of what obedience and disobedience mean. The current study aimed at investigating the social representations young adults use to define and to co-construct knowledge about obedience and disobedience in Austria. One hundred fifty four (106 females, 68.8%) Austrian young adults (Mean age = 22.9; SD = 3.5) completed a mixed-method questionnaire comprising open-ended questions and free word associations. Overall obedience and disobedience are respectively defined as conformity and non-conformity to regulations, ranging from implicit social norms to explicit formal laws. Authority is multi-faceted and has a central role in orienting obedience and disobedience. Further fundamental determinants of the authority relationship and relevant application of the results are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Social norms in pre- Islamic poetry (Antara bin Shaddad as a model): الأعراف الاجتماعية في الشعر الجاهلي (عنترة بن شداد أنموذجاً)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Qism Allah Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Arabic Poetry ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Islamic Literature

  This research aims to study pre- Islamic literature, an analytical study that reveals the rich social data organized by the poets about his poets, so that his study is not limited to historical analysis, which stands on the definition of the poet and poetic purposes in which he organized. This study came at the forefront of the most important features of the topic; such as the importance of the study, the reasons for its selection, the methodology followed and the plan that followed it. The first topic talked about social norms in Arabic poetry in general with the study of models of them, the second topic It was a brief definition of the poet Antara bin Shaddad between his name and its origin and qualities and morals, and then came the third topic, which revolved around the social norms addressed by the poet Antara bin Shaddad in his poetry, from the generosity and courage and nobility and chastity and virility and the father of the affliction and humiliation.  

Synergy through Disunity, Science as Social Practice: Comments on Vanpool and Vanpool

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Hutson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Demarcation Criteria

In “The Scientific Nature of Postprocessualism”, VanPool and VanPool (1999) attempt to demonstrate that the sometimes hostile debate between processualist and postprocessualist archaeologies disguises substantive intellectual similarities. The most important similarity is their conformity to a refined definition of science. This definition is based on seven criteria that, as a group, demarcate science from nonscience. VanPool and VanPool pay inadequate attention to critiques of the notion that science can be clearly separated from other forms of inquiry. These critiques come from both within the literature VanPool and VanPool cite as well as from bodies of literature that they do not acknowledge, such as recent sociological, philosophical, and anthropological studies of science. Many of the demarcation criteria can be shown to suffer from overly simplistic accounts of the connections between evidence and hypothesis. Other demarcations do not recognize the social nature of scientific inquiry and the consequent incorporation of interests at various scales. Although VanPool and VanPool believe their criteria of science will promote synergy between processual and postprocessual, this paper questions the conceptualization of these schools and argues that synergy is better accomplished through the appreciation of difference among the various archaeologies and openness to alternative epistemologies.

Concepts of Charity: The Habsburg Empire and the South Moravian Example, 1750–1800

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-222
Author(s):  
Tomáš Malý
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Common Point ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Charitable Bequests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the concept of charity (almsgiving, philanthropy) in the context of the changing religious and social situation in the Habsburg Empire between 1750 and 1800. The intellectual discussions, the administrative reforms and the testamentary practices of charity (charitable bequests) are followed in order to delineate the relationship between discourse and social practice. Although paradoxes can be observed, there was a clear common point for all three areas: the differentiation of the poor according to a new definition of “needs” and a tendency towards “practical” (and obligatory) charity. This shift from the post-Tridentine Catholic concept was accompanied – mainly in towns – by a significant transformation of the social space and structure.

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