Assessment of the prognosis of cardiovascular risks in individuals with arterial hypertension and oral inflammatory processes

SummaryPolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have been implicated in various vascular inflammatory processes. We isolated PMN from venous blood samples of 10 patients with severe primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PPH), 7 patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic thromboembolism (CTEPH), and 12 healthy controls. When stimulated with the calcium-ionophore A23187, platelet activating factor (PAF) or the microbial agent n-formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (fMLP), significantly increased release of elastase and super-oxide anion was noted in both groups with pulmonary hyper-tension. Moreover, the neutrophils of CTEPH patients responded with an enhanced liberation of leukotriene (LT) B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). Inhalation of aerosolized iloprost (5 µg) caused a rapid decline in pulmonary vascular resistance, in both PPH and CTEPH. This hemodynamic response was paralleled by a significant suppression of ionophore- and ligand-induced elastase and superoxide release, as well as LTB4 and 5-HETE formation. The neutrophil inhibitory effect of the inhalation maneuver was fully reproduced by in vitro incubation of neutrophils with 1-10 pg/ml iloprost for 2 hours. This is the first study to demonstrate that circulating neutrophils from patients with PPH and CTEPH possess an enhanced readiness to respond with inflammatory mediator generation to different stimulatory agents ex-vivo, and that PMN respiratory burst, elastase secretion and leukotriene generation are promptly reduced by an iloprost inhalation maneuver. Neutrophils might participate in the inflammatory processes in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

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Risk factors in adolescents as predictors of arterial hypertension in adults: Protocol for a systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256596

Author(s):

Márcia Gisele Santos da Costa ◽

J. Jaime Caro ◽

Katia Vergetti Bloch

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Discrete Event Simulation ◽

Review Paper ◽

Discrete Event ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Event Simulation ◽

Discrete Event Simulation Model

This is a protocol of a review paper, and there is no abstract. This review is part of a doctoral project that aims to develop a discrete event simulation model to predict how many adolescents may become hypertensive in adulthood. We will use data from the Brazilian study of cardiovascular risks in adolescents, called ERICA (Portuguese acronym). This study may help promote adherence to disease prevention protocols.

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Inflammation of adipose tissue (Part 6). The effects of medicamental preparations

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201258167-73 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V Ia Shvarts

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Clinical Conditions ◽

Inflammatory Action

This review is focused on the influence of salicylates as well as preparations used for the treatment of obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and atherosclerosis on the functional state of the adipose tissue and the inflammatory processes affecting it. Many of these medicines show the anti-inflammatory activity mediated through a variety of mechanisms. There is thus far no medicamental preparations for the specific treatment of adipose tissue inflammation. Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory action of certain drugs should be taken into consideration when they are prescribed for the treatment of clinical conditions with concomitant obesity and suspicion of inflammation of the adipose tissue.

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Features of structural and functional parameters of superficial veins of lower extremities in men with arterial hypertension

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-16(391)-18-21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (16) ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

T. F. Vagapov ◽

V. M. Baev ◽

L. N. Druzhina ◽

C. V. Letyagina

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Chronic Venous Disease ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Venous Blood Flow ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Functional Parameters

The aim of the work was to assess the structural and functional parameters of the superficial veins of the lower extremities in men with arterial hypertension. A comparative analysis of the results of the angioscanning of the superficial veins of the lower extremities between 60 men with arterial hypertension and 27 men with normal blood pressure at the age of 30–50 years was performed. In hypertension, an increased rate of venous blood flow and signs of chronic vein diseases are recorded — an increased diameter and area of the lumen of the veins; abnormal venous reflux marked in 10 % of men; in 3 % — varicose veins and thrombotic masses, signs of postrombotic lesion of the superficial veins.Conclusion. For men with hypertension aged 30–50 years, there is an increased rate of venous blood flow and signs of chronic venous disease of the lower extremities: chronic venous insufficiency, varicose and postrombotic venous disease, which must be considered when stratifying cardiovascular risks and treating hypertension.

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ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (suppl 1) ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Katia Vergetti Bloch ◽

Carlos Henrique Klein ◽

Moyses Szklo ◽

Maria Cristina C Kuschnir ◽

Gabriela de Azevedo Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Population Attributable Fraction ◽

The Body ◽

Reference Curve ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

National Representation ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity and the population attributable fraction of hypertension that is due to obesity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data from participants in the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which was the first national school-based, cross-section study performed in Brazil were evaluated. The sample was divided into 32 geographical strata and clusters from 32 schools and classes, with regional and national representation. Obesity was classified using the body mass index according to age and sex. Arterial hypertension was defined when the average systolic or diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the reference curve. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of arterial hypertension and obesity, both on a national basis and in the macro-regions of Brazil, were estimated by sex and age group, as were the fractions of hypertension attributable to obesity in the population. RESULTS We evaluated 73,399 students, 55.4% female, with an average age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 9.6% (95%CI 9.0-10.3); with the lowest being in the North, 8.4% (95%CI 7.7-9.2) and Northeast regions, 8.4% (95%CI 7.6-9.2), and the highest being in the South, 12.5% (95%CI 11.0-14.2). The prevalence of obesity was 8.4% (95%CI 7.9-8.9), which was lower in the North region and higher in the South region. The prevalences of arterial hypertension and obesity were higher in males. Obese adolescents presented a higher prevalence of hypertension, 28.4% (95%CI 25.5-31.2), than overweight adolescents, 15.4% (95%CI 17.0-13.8), or eutrophic adolescents, 6.3% (95%CI 5.6-7.0). The fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity was 17.8%. CONCLUSIONS ERICA was the first nationally representative Brazilian study providing prevalence estimates of hypertension in adolescents. Regional and sex differences were observed. The study indicates that the control of obesity would lower the prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian adolescents by 1/5.

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Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants used by a traditional community in Brazil’s northeastern

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.237642 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

Author(s):

P. K. A. Magalhães ◽

E. N. Araujo ◽

A. M. Santos ◽

M. B. Vanderlei ◽

C. C. L. Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Plant Species ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Environmental Characteristics ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Brazilian Northeast

Abstract The aim of this research is to make a survey of the socio-environmental characteristics and the ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in a traditional community in the Brazilian Northeast, Alagoas. The study was made based on visits with the application of a questionnaire with questions related to the socio-economic element and on the diversity of plants used in herbal medicine. The research was made from March/2019 to February/2020, where families and interviewed plant exhibitors were interviewed for botanical identification. The studied community, which were 24 interviewees, was compiled by residents of the Quilombola community from Pau D’arco in Arapiraca city - Alagoas. Residents interviewed, 15 (62.5%) attended between 56 to 80 years, 11 interviewees about 46% were born in the community and 13 (54%) had a fundamentally incomplete nature. At the end, there were mentioned 30 plant species used for phytotherapeutic purposes, from which presents bigger usage as plants against arterial hypertension (Salvia rosmarinus Schleid), diabetes Mellitos (Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth), pain and inflammation (Alternanthera tenella Colla), present the biggest number of species in the community. The species cited are related to numerous medicinal uses, among which there will be predominant associations associated with cardiovascular and inflammatory processes. The tea is the main way of preparing plants. It is perceived that medicinal plants are only widely used by this Quilombola community of and growth of the crops in the backyard are considered a tradition.

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Schistosome infection and its effect on pulmonary circulation

Global Cardiology Science and Practice ◽

10.21542/gcsp.2019.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ghazwan Butrous

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Parasitic Disease ◽

Schistosome Infection ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Pulmonary Arterial ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Schistosomiasis is the most common parasitic disease associated with pulmonary hypertension. It induces remodelling via complex inflammatory processes, which eventually produce the clinical manifestation of pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary hypertension shows clinical signs and symptoms that are not distinguishable from other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

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Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20191213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (17) ◽

pp. 2243-2262

Author(s):

Danlin Liu ◽

Gavin Richardson ◽

Fehmi M. Benli ◽

Catherine Park ◽

João V. de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cardiovascular Research ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

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