scholarly journals The Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus on Hospital Privacy Curtains

Fine Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Cole ◽  
Brittany J. Gasper
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
One Way Anova

While healthcare professionals are working in hospitals, they will often manipulate the privacy curtains during the care of their patients. Studies have shown that the transfer of bacteria from hands to the curtains and vice versa is possible. Despite the possibility of hospital curtains being a mode of infection transmission, studies have shown that 53% of hospitals surveyed did not have a policy for cleaning or changing their curtains. The question that this study focused on was whether curtain material affects the persistence of Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, five different curtain types were inoculated with overnight, diluted, and finger imprint cultures of S. aureus. They were incubated at room temperature and were sampled for growth regularly onto Mannitol Salt Agar plates. The colonies were counted, and one-way ANOVA statistical analysis was completed on the data. The statistical analysis showed that the length of persistence of liquid cultures of S. aureus on the curtains was not dependent upon initial concentration. Finger imprint inoculations of four curtain varieties had statistically significant longer persistence times than the liquid cultures. Only the curtain type composed of 100% antimicrobial polyester with water repellant had significantly lower persistence times for the finger imprint culture than the other four curtains. The results suggest that the 100% inherently flame resistant antimicrobial polyester curtain material reduces S. aureus persistence times and that it may benefit hospitals to use this type of curtain.

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Medical Students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Mohd Zain ◽  
Muhammad Fikri Johari ◽  
Nurul Shahirah Mohd Husin ◽  
Nurul Syamimi Rozman ◽  
Athirah Ab Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products and Anterior Nares of Dairy Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ranjana K.C. ◽  
Ganga Timilsina ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Supriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dairy Workers

Objectives: To isolate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy products and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: Swab samples collected from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy product (butter) were inoculated into mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification was done based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining, catalase, oxidase and coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Results: A total of 109 S. aureus (98 from dairy workers and 11 from butter samples) were isolated. Out of them 32 MRSA were isolated from dairy workers and 4 from butter samples. The association between age group and MRSA was found insignificant (p = 0.115). The association of MRSA between male and female workers was found significant (>0.05). About 86% of the MRSA isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (86.11%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.78%). Conclusion: Detection of MRSA among dairy workers and dairy products warrants proper handling and adequate control measures to prevent transmission of MRSA from dairy industry.

scholarly journals Case Study: Misdiagnosis of Nonhemolytic Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Cases of Bovine Mastitis as Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Valerie E. Ryman ◽  
Felicia M. Kautz ◽  
Steve C. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most concerning mastitis-causing pathogens in dairy cattle. Using basic microbiological techniques, S. aureus is typically identified by colony characteristics and hemolysis on blood agar where isolates without hemolysis are typically considered to be coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates. Herein, we present a decade-long case study where suspected S. aureus isolates from one Georgia dairy farm were further tested to confirm presumptive identification. Presumptive identification of bacterial growth from 222 mammary secretions from bred Holstein heifers and lactating cows was conducted at the time of collection. Presumptive identification of S. aureus on blood agar was based on observation of colony morphology, color, and presence or absence of a broad zone of incomplete hemolysis and a smaller zone of complete hemolysis at 48 h. Those without hemolysis were presumptively characterized as CNS. All isolates were further plated on mannitol salt agar and a coagulase test was performed. A positive for both of these tests together was deemed to be S. aureus. A selection of isolates was tested using API® Staph to biochemically confirm S. aureus identification. Data showed that 63.96% of isolates presumed to be CNS isolates were identified as S. aureus, 9.46% of isolates presumed to be CNS isolates were identified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) species (but not S. aureus), and 26.58% of samples that were presumed to be CNS isolates were identified correctly.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Paper Currency Notes

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Rikhi Ram Marasini ◽  
Pratikshya Shrestha ◽  
Prabhat Dhakal ◽  
Sukra Raj Shrestha ◽  
Sirjana Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Hygiene Measures

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in paper currency. The paper currencies in circulation in Pokhara Metropolitan City were inspected. Bills of various denominations (Rs 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000) were collected from five different locations; namely Food and Vegetable Shop, Bus conductor, Hospital Pharmacy, Butcher Shop and Grocery Shop. Collected sample were cultured and incubated for 24 hours at 37 oC in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth. The inoculums were further cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Blood Agar (BA) media to obtain colonies, which were examined and evaluated for various parameters like gram staining and biochemical tests for identification. Then, antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates was performed using standard procedures. A total of 35 sample of paper currency were processed, all of which showed positive growth. Out of 86 total isolates, 21 (24.42%) were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 19 (22.09%), Diptheroids 14 (16.3%), Bacillus spp 13 (15.11%), Micrococci 9 (10.46%), Streptococcus pneumonia 4 (4.65%), Viridans Streptococcus 4 (4.65%) and Streptococcus pyogenes 2 (2.32%). The total prevalence of MRSA in this study was 7 (33.33%). Paper currency contaminated with MRSA poses a high threat to those handling the bills as well as the community. Thus, this study suggests proper hygiene measures to be adopted after handling of paper currency to minimize the risk of contamination and emergence of diseases.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI DAUN BIDURI (Calotropis gigantea) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Choirul Huda ◽  
Dara Pranidya Tilarso
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
One Way Anova

Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri Gram positif yang berbentuk menggerombol. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus merupakan penyebab utama infeksi nosokomial, keracunan makanan, dan sindrom syok toksik. Infeksi Staphylococcus aureus dapat terjadi ketika sistem imun melemah. Salah satu penanganan infeksi adalah menggunakan antibiotik, namun penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat akan menimbulkan resistensi, sehingga terapi menggunakan obat tradisional menjadi pilihan alternatif. Obat tradisional yang berasal dari tanaman memiliki efek samping yang jauh lebih rendah tingkat bahayanya dibandingkan obat-obatan kimia. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat adalah tanaman biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas fraksi Aquadestilata, etil asetat dan n-heksan dari ekstrak daun biduri sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Daun biduri diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut 70% dan difraksinasi menggunakan pelarut Aquadestilata, etil asetat dan n-heksan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi daun biduri menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan seri konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30%. Analisis statistik yang digunakan yaitu one way ANOVA yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui  berpengaruh atau tidaknya variasi konsentrasi fraksi daun biduri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa fraksi Aquadestilata dan etil asetat mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Fraksi Aquadestilata merupakan fraksi teraktif dalam menghambat aktivitas bakteri Staphylococcus aureus karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Konsentrasi optimum fraksi daun biduri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah 10% dengan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 6,33 mm.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mannitol Salt Agar for Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Disk Diffusion and Agar Screening

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2254-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Kampf ◽  
Christoph Lecke ◽  
Ann-Katrin Cimbal ◽  
Klaus Weist ◽  
Henning Rüden
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance

Mannitol salt agar was evaluated for detection of oxacillin resistance in 136 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. AllmecA-positive isolates (n = 54) were correctly categorized as oxacillin resistant by the disk diffusion test (1-μg disk; zone diameter, <16 mm); the specificity was 97.6%. Agar screening (2 μg of oxacillin per ml) revealed a sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 95.1%.

scholarly journals Synthesis of New Oxindoles and Determination of Their Antibacterial Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pablo E. Romo ◽  
Braulio Insuasty ◽  
Rodrigo Abonia ◽  
María del Pilar Crespo ◽  
Jairo Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Toluenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
New Compounds

A versatile method for the synthesis of new oxindoles was developed by the reaction between substituted isatins and 5-aminopyrazoles. The reaction was carried out at room temperature in ethanol using p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst. The products were obtained with acceptable to excellent yields (44–96%). Structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution assays. Compounds 3b, 3e, and 3g showed antistaphylococcal activity, particularly compound 3e displayed a potent activity against the vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Compounds 3i, 3j, and 3o inhibited Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth.

Metal Adsorption in Biomass: Fundamentals and Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 154-167
Author(s):  
M.F.C. Silva Canuto ◽  
J. Morais Ferreira ◽  
S.W.C. Araújo Silva ◽  
Líbia de Sousa Conrado ◽  
Odelsia Leonor Sánchez Alsina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Metal Adsorption ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Superficial Area

In this chapter the adsorption fundamentals using biomass as adsorbents in the removal of metallic ions are presented. The research as shows the importance of many factors that affects the adsorption, such as the biomass superficial area, system temperature, pH, initial concentration of the metal, biomass amount and status (living or dead). The study was directed at the approach of two applications using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the adsorption of Cd2+ metal ions. In the first application it is discussed the influence of the pH of the medium and the biomass status (living or dead) in the adsorption of Cd2+, in batch. In the second application, it was studied the adsorption of Cd2+metallic ions through the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast immobilized in chitosan, in fixed bed, where the influence inlet mass flow rate and the initial effluent concentration on the adsorption capacity and percentage of Cd2+ ions removal are evaluated.The studies realized are supported by statistical analysis with 95% confidence intervals.

The Research for Microwave Modified Vermiculite Adsorption of Zn2+

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 493-499
Author(s):  
Li Fang Bao ◽  
Chen Li Wang ◽  
Jin Chuan Gu ◽  
Sheng Zhong ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Adsorption Rate ◽  
Absorption Mechanism ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
The Impact

The impact on the adsorption of Zn2+of these factors, initial concentration, modification time, reaction time vermiculite dosage, reaction temperature and pH having, and absorption mechanism are studied . The results show that: microwave modification time 30s, reaction time 40min, modified vermiculite dosage 8g/L, reaction temperature 30°C, reaction pH 6, Zn2+ adsorption rate can reach 97.91%, adsorption isotherms of Zn2+ by microwave modified vermiculite show that the adsorption equilibrium is consistent with Langmuir curves, correlation coefficient reached to 0.997 at room temperature.

scholarly journals The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Zhenpeng Wang ◽  
Zhenwen Zhao ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Fengyun Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
Distribution Studies

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a method to formulate Ginkgolide B lipid microemulsion (GB-LM). We have assessed its general characteristics and pharmacokinetics in animals. Soybean oil (10.0%) and oleic acid (2.4%) were chosen as the oil phase, refined egg yolk lecithin (PC98T) (1.8%) as the surfactant, and glycerol (2.25%) as the co-surfactant. The optimized formulation process resulted in particles with average diameter of 185.9 ± 52.5 nm and the zeta potential of −19.8 ± 1.3 mV. The GB-LM remained steady for three months at room temperature. Giving each dose of 4 mg/kg to rats through the vein, a clearance rate of CL (L/h): 2.594 and C max (ng/mL) was achieved: 353.8 through pharmacokinetic analysis and statistical analysis. The AUC of GB-LM was about 1.57-fold higher than that of the products available in the market. In addition, brain tissue distribution studies show that after 0.5 h administration of GB, the concentration of GB in brain tissue can reach its maximum, and then significantly decrease after 2 hours. Therefore, the improved formulation of GB-LM shows encouraging results compared with present products in several features.

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