scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI DAUN BIDURI (Calotropis gigantea) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Choirul Huda ◽  
Dara Pranidya Tilarso
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
One Way Anova

Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri Gram positif yang berbentuk menggerombol. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus merupakan penyebab utama infeksi nosokomial, keracunan makanan, dan sindrom syok toksik. Infeksi Staphylococcus aureus dapat terjadi ketika sistem imun melemah. Salah satu penanganan infeksi adalah menggunakan antibiotik, namun penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat akan menimbulkan resistensi, sehingga terapi menggunakan obat tradisional menjadi pilihan alternatif. Obat tradisional yang berasal dari tanaman memiliki efek samping yang jauh lebih rendah tingkat bahayanya dibandingkan obat-obatan kimia. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat adalah tanaman biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas fraksi Aquadestilata, etil asetat dan n-heksan dari ekstrak daun biduri sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Daun biduri diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut 70% dan difraksinasi menggunakan pelarut Aquadestilata, etil asetat dan n-heksan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi daun biduri menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan seri konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30%. Analisis statistik yang digunakan yaitu one way ANOVA yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui  berpengaruh atau tidaknya variasi konsentrasi fraksi daun biduri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa fraksi Aquadestilata dan etil asetat mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Fraksi Aquadestilata merupakan fraksi teraktif dalam menghambat aktivitas bakteri Staphylococcus aureus karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Konsentrasi optimum fraksi daun biduri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah 10% dengan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 6,33 mm.  

Antimicrobial Activity of Calotropis gigantea against Staphylococcus aureus: Eco-Friendly Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Madhu Praskash Srivastava ◽  
Kanchan Awasthi ◽  
Pratibha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Aqueous Method ◽  
Different Types

Calotropis gigantea (Madaar) Linn. is a potent medicinal herb that has active compounds in the form of alkaloids, glycosides, lactones, and steroids. All these active compounds have immune-modulatory and physiological roles of different types; the plant is also reported as effective in treating skin, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and neurological disorders and was used to treat fevers, elephantiasis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In this study, the phytochemical and the zone of inhibition was measured in C. gigantea L. It proves that C. gigantea L. is more effective against Staphylococcus aureus. Aqueous extract of C. gigantea L. was extracted by the aqueous method. In the qualitative phytochemical analysis presence of various secondary metabolites were found as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin. In the quantitative analysis, carbohydrate was found in C. gigantea L. about concentration is found (470 μg/mL). Antimicrobial activity was also quite good against S. aureus. The study demonstrates that the C. gigantea L. contains the presence different of bioactive compounds indicated a potent antimicrobial activity of C. gigantea L. against S. aureus so that we called as eco-friendly management.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara Linn) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

Biocelebes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Gaby Maulida Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
One Way Anova

This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration ethanol extract from tembelakan leaf (Lantana camara Linn)  on bacteria growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol 96% and then separated using rotary evaporator. Antibacterial activity test of the ethanol extract by Well agar diffusion method. Variation in crude extract saponin used in this study was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and positive controls were used for comparison with Amoxicilin and Chloramphenicole concentration of 25 µg/mL and DMSO as a negative control. The results of antibacterial activity test is indicated by the formation of growth inhibitory region S. aureus and E. coli. The result of growth inhibitory regions was analyzed by One way ANOVA. One way ANOVA test results indicate that there are effects of ethanol extract concentration of tembelekan leaf (L. camara Linn) against S. aureus and E. coli. Effective concentration of ethanol extract tembelekan leaf (L. camara Linn) when compared with positive control to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli is at 25% with a relatively strong antibacterial activity. Test with phytochemicals screening method which is showed that tembelekan leaf contains the flavanoid, saponins, and tannins compounds as antibacterial

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ozonated Water sebagai Antiseptik dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Staphilococcus Aureus (in vitro)

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Yulita Kristanti ◽  
D. Dessy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Ozonated Water

Latar Belakang. Penelitian seputar ozonazed water akhir-akhir ini cukup banyak diminati karena bahan ini mempunyai potensi antibakteria yang menjanjikan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ozonated water pada pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan 1 ml larutan bakteri 106 CFU/ml dengan 10 ml ozonated water konsentrasi 4 ppm selama 10 detik (kelompok I), 20 detik (kelompok II), 30 detik  (kelompok III), dan 40 detik (kelompok IV), akuades (kontrol negatif) kemudian semua diencerkan dengan akuabides 10ml. selanjutnya dari masing-masing kelompok diambil 0,01 ml untuk ditanam pada MHA, inkubasi 24 jam pada suhu 370 C dalam anaerobic jar kemudian dilakikan perhitungan koloni. Data dianalisis dengan Avana satu jalur dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil. Avana satu jalur memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan. Uji LSD menunjukkan perbedaan rerarta yang bermakna (p<0,05) antar kelompok I, II, III, IV dengan kelompok V (akuedes) terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna antara kelompok I dan kelompok VI (iod). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok II, III, IV terdapat kelompok VI (oid). Uji korelasi Produk Momen Pearson menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif yang sangat kuat. Kesimpulan. Ozonated Water 4 ppm memiliki daya antibakreri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus. Semakin lama waktu kontak, daya anti bakterinya semakain besar. Background. Some previous research show that the antibacterial effect of ozonated water is very promi-sing. The aim of this study was to know the antibacterial effect of ozonated water on staphylococcus aureus. Method. One ml of 106 CFU/ ml S. aureus suspension was mixed with 10 ml ozonated water for 10 second (group I), 20 second (group II), 30 second (group III), 40 second (group IV)As negative control S. aureus was mixed with aquadest (group V), and as positive control S. aureus was mixed with iod (groupVI). Furthermore, 0,01 ml from each group was cultivated on MHA, incubated for 24 hours-37C followed by colony caunting. Data was analyzed using one way anova followed by LSD. Result. One way anova show significant difference among the group and LSD test show significant mean different between group I, II, III, IV, and V. Significant difference can also be seen between group I and V. No significant difference between group II, III, IV and VI. Product momen test show strong negative correlation. Conclusion. Ozonated water 4 ppm has antibacterial effect on S. aureus. The longer the contact time, the stronger the antibacterial effect.

scholarly journals Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. (Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Alce Magani ◽  
Trina Tallei ◽  
Beivy Kolondam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.(Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli) Alce K. Magani*, Trina E. Tallei, Beivy J. KolondamProgram Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] (Article History: Received 30-12-2019; Revised 15-01-2020; Accepted 23-01-2020) Abstrak Antibakteri merupakan zat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan dapat membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi. Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi atau penyakit dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas bakteri patogen dengan memakai nanopartikel kitosan sebagai antibakteri yang dibuat dalam empat konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2%) serta penggunaan kontrol asam asetat 1%, ciprofloxacin dan air steril sebagai pembanding. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode gelasi ionik untuk pembuatan nanopartikel kitosan dan difusi agar untuk pengujian antibakteri. Data dianalisis dengan One Way Anova yang dilanjutkan dengan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian diperoleh penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,5%, dengan diameter zona hambat hari pertama sampai hari ketiga 12,31 mm, 9,98 mm, dan 20,46 mm pada S. aureus dan 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, dan 20,43 mm pada E. coli, kategori kuat, dan bersifat bakteriostatik dan penghambatan terendah pada konsentrasi 2% dengan diameter zona hambat pada S. aureus yaitu 5,56 mm, 5,50 mm, dan 5,40 mm, dan pada E. coli yaitu 5,93 mm, 9,64 mm, dan 12,58 mm, kategori sedang, dan bersifat bakteriostatik. Kata kunci: Kitosan, nanopartikel kitosan, aktivitas antibakteri.  Abstract Antibacteria is a substance that can inhibit the growth of bacteria and able to kill bacteria that cause infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that able to cause infections or diseases. This study aimed to examine the activity of pathogenic bacteria by using chitosan nanoparticles as antibacterial. The treatments were made in four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and, for comparison, there were also acetic acid control, ciprofloxacin and sterile water. The research method used is the ionic gelation method for the manufacture of chitosan nanoparticles and agar diffusion for antibacterial testing. Data were analyzed with One Way Anova followed by LSD (Least Significant Difference) method. The results showed the highest inhibition of growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, with a diameter of inhibition zones of the first day to the third day of 12.31 mm, 9.98 mm, and 20.46 mm in S. aureus and 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, and 20,43 mm in E. coli, the strong category, and are bacteriostatic and the lowest inhibition was at 2% concentration with inhibition zone diameters in S. aureus namely 5.568 mm, 5.50 mm, and 5, 40 mm, and in E. coli, 5.93 mm, 9.63 mm and 12.58 mm, the medium category and bacteriostatic.Key words: Chitosan, nanoparticles chitosan, antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals The Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus on Hospital Privacy Curtains

Fine Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Cole ◽  
Brittany J. Gasper
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
One Way Anova

While healthcare professionals are working in hospitals, they will often manipulate the privacy curtains during the care of their patients. Studies have shown that the transfer of bacteria from hands to the curtains and vice versa is possible. Despite the possibility of hospital curtains being a mode of infection transmission, studies have shown that 53% of hospitals surveyed did not have a policy for cleaning or changing their curtains. The question that this study focused on was whether curtain material affects the persistence of Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, five different curtain types were inoculated with overnight, diluted, and finger imprint cultures of S. aureus. They were incubated at room temperature and were sampled for growth regularly onto Mannitol Salt Agar plates. The colonies were counted, and one-way ANOVA statistical analysis was completed on the data. The statistical analysis showed that the length of persistence of liquid cultures of S. aureus on the curtains was not dependent upon initial concentration. Finger imprint inoculations of four curtain varieties had statistically significant longer persistence times than the liquid cultures. Only the curtain type composed of 100% antimicrobial polyester with water repellant had significantly lower persistence times for the finger imprint culture than the other four curtains. The results suggest that the 100% inherently flame resistant antimicrobial polyester curtain material reduces S. aureus persistence times and that it may benefit hospitals to use this type of curtain.

scholarly journals Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Alce K Magani ◽  
Trina E Tallei ◽  
Beivy J Kolondam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
One Way Anova

Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.(Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) Alce K. Magani*, Trina E. Tallei, Beivy J. KolondamProgram Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] (Article History: Received 30-12-2019; Revised 15-01-2020; Accepted 23-01-2020) Abstrak Antibakteri merupakan zat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan dapat membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi. Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi atau penyakit dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas bakteri patogen dengan memakai nanopartikel kitosan sebagai antibakteri yang dibuat dalam empat konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2%) serta penggunaan kontrol asam asetat 1%, ciprofloxacin dan air steril sebagai pembanding. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode gelasi ionik untuk pembuatan nanopartikel kitosan dan difusi agar untuk pengujian antibakteri. Data dianalisis dengan One Way Anova yang dilanjutkan dengan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian diperoleh penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,5%, dengan diameter zona hambat hari pertama sampai hari ketiga 12,31 mm, 9,98 mm, dan 20,46 mm pada S. aureus dan 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, dan 20,43 mm pada E. coli, kategori kuat, dan bersifat bakteriostatik dan penghambatan terendah pada konsentrasi 2% dengan diameter zona hambat pada S. aureus yaitu 5,56 mm, 5,50 mm, dan 5,40 mm, dan pada E. coli yaitu 5,93 mm, 9,64 mm, dan 12,58 mm, kategori sedang, dan bersifat bakteriostatik. Kata kunci: Kitosan, nanopartikel kitosan, aktivitas antibakteri.  Abstract Antibacteria is a substance that can inhibit the growth of bacteria and able to kill bacteria that cause infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that able to cause infections or diseases. This study aimed to examine the activity of pathogenic bacteria by using chitosan nanoparticles as antibacterial. The treatments were made in four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and, for comparison, there were also acetic acid control, ciprofloxacin and sterile water. The research method used is the ionic gelation method for the manufacture of chitosan nanoparticles and agar diffusion for antibacterial testing. Data were analyzed with One Way Anova followed by LSD (Least Significant Difference) method. The results showed the highest inhibition of growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, with a diameter of inhibition zones of the first day to the third day of 12.31 mm, 9.98 mm, and 20.46 mm in S. aureus and 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, and 20,43 mm in E. coli, the strong category, and are bacteriostatic and the lowest inhibition was at 2% concentration with inhibition zone diameters in S. aureus namely 5.568 mm, 5.50 mm, and 5, 40 mm, and in E. coli, 5.93 mm, 9.63 mm and 12.58 mm, the medium category and bacteriostatic.Key words: Chitosan, nanoparticles chitosan, antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (persea americana mill.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 499-508
Author(s):  
Elok Afrinda Iskarimah ◽  
Urmatul Waznah ◽  
W Wirasti ◽  
Dwi Bagus Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Avocado Seed

AbstractInfectious diseases that often occur are infections caused by the Staphylococus aureus bacteria, these bacteria are found on the skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. The avocado plant (Persea americana Mill.) is a plant whose seeds contain several chemical compounds that can be used as antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the avocado seed extract cream (Persea americana Mill.) Against the growth of Staphylococus aureus. Test the inhibition of bacteria using the well method. The extraction method uses the meseration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The research results were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test. Avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill.) can be formulated into cream preparations that meet several physical tests of the preparation which include organoleptic test, homogenity test, pH test, viscosity test, adhesion test and spreadability test. The formulation of avocado seed extract cream (Persea americana Mill.) in this study was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with the largest zone of inhibition found at a concentration of 10% is 19.1 mm. At a concentration of 6% is 15.1 mm, at a concentration of 8% is 18.2 mm. With the results of one-way ANOVA statistical tests obtained sig 0,00 <0,05 which means that the diameter of the inhibition between formulas was significant.Keywords: Antibacterial, avocado seed extract, cream, Staphylococcus aureus. AbstrakPenyakit infeksi yang sering terjadi adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococus aureus, bakteri ini terdapat pada kulit, saluran pernafasan, dan saluran pencernaan. Tumbuhan alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang bagian bijinya memiliki beberapa senyawa kimia yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri dari sediaan krim ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococus aureus. Uji daya hambat bakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Metode ekstraksi meggunakan metode meserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA. Ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dapat diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan krim yang memenuhi beberapa uji fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji viskositas, uji daya lekat dan uji daya sebar. Formulasi sediaan krim ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) pada penelitian ini mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan zona hambat terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi 10% sebesar 19,1 mm. Pada konstrasi 6% sebesar 15,1 mm, pada konsentrasi 8% sebesar 18,2 mm. Dengan hasil uji statistik one-way ANOVA diperoleh sig 0,00<0,05 yang berarti diameter hambat antar formula terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.Kata kunci: Antibakteri, ekstrak biji alpukat, krim, Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and safety of Rhus vulgaris (Anacardiaceae) extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Mutuku ◽  
Lizzy Mwamburi ◽  
Lucia Keter ◽  
Joyce Ondicho ◽  
Richard Korir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of various ailments in most developing countries. Oral infections are the most prevalent diseases in man. The Rhus family has been found to have antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have been done on Rhus vulgaris Meikle. A study was conducted to determine the effect of Rhus vulgaris Meikle stem bark extracts against selected oral pathogenic microorganisms and the safety of the extracts in vitro and in vivo. Methods Methanol:dichloromethane (1:1), methanol and aqueous extracts were tested for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity of the active extracts was determined using Vero E6 cell lines while safety was evaluated in mice and rats. Phytochemical screening was performed on the methanol extracts. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 for antimicrobial assay and acute toxicity testing. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests were conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 for cytotoxicity assay. Results Methanol extract of Rhus vulgaris showed significant antimicrobial activity against MRSA (12.00 ± 0.00 mm; p-value of < 0.005; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 0.391 mg/ml; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 1.563 mg/ml). The extract were not cytotoxic at 100 μg/ml which was the highest tested concentration. In acute dermal irritation testing, the methanol extract resulted in mild irritation with erythema and flaking that cleared within 8 days. There were no observable adverse effects from oral administration of the extracts (acute oral toxicity testing) at concentrations of 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and phenols were detected in the methanol extract. Conclusions Antimicrobial activity of R. vulgaris extracts supports its traditional use as a toothbrush. Cytotoxicity demonstrated by the extracts as well as the mild skin irritation warrants further study before R. vulgaris can be recommended for the development of effective and safe mouthwashes.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Cobalt Nanoparticle from Calotropis gigantae

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauban Ghani ◽  
Farheen Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Cobalt Nanoparticles ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Average Size

Abstract. Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were successfully synthesized by taking a simple green synthetic route using metal salts and flower extracts of a wild plant Calotropis gigantea which act as reducing as well as the stabilizing agent. The synthesized Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were characterized using various techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Size characterization of the samples was made by Dynamic light-scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The micrographs of the synthesized CoNPs showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 13 ± 5 nm. The CoNPs were stable at room temperature (25 °C) for six months. Zeta potential values provided an indirect measurement of the net charge on the Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) surface. The antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were studied under varying concentrations of CoNPs with respect to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.                                             Resumen. Las nanopartículas de cobalto (CoNPs) se sintetizaron con éxito al tomar una ruta sintética verde simple usando sales metálicas y extractos de flores de una planta silvestre Calotropis gigantea que actúa como agente reductor y estabilizador. Las nanopartículas de cobalto sintetizadas (CoNPs) se caracterizaron utilizando diversas técnicas, como la espectrofotometría UV-visible y la espectrometría infrarroja por transformada de Fourier. La caracterización del tamaño de las muestras se realizó mediante dispersión dinámica de luz (DLS) y microscopio electrónico de transmisión (TEM). Las micrografías de los CoNPs sintetizados mostraron la formación de nanopartículas esféricas con un tamaño promedio de 13 ± 5 nm. Los CoNPs fueron estables a temperatura ambiente (25 °C) durante seis meses. Los valores potenciales de Zeta proporcionaron una medición indirecta de la carga neta en la superficie de nanopartículas de cobalto (CoNPs). Las actividades antibacterianas de las nanopartículas de cobalto (CoNPs) se estudiaron bajo concentraciones variables de CoNPs con respecto a Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli.

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