scholarly journals ACETOLYSIS OF TECHNICAL OILS AS A BASIS FOR THEIR COMPLEX PROCESSING INTO ALTERNATIVE ONESBIOPRODUCTS OF THE FUEL AND LUBRICANTS INDUSTRY: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD AND TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
V.I. Kyrychenko ◽  
V.V. Kyrychenko ◽  
V.P. Nezdorovin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Acylation Reaction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Wide Range

The material of the article reflects the results of the next stage of the systematic study of a very important problem in finding effective methods for processing chemical (T) oils into alternative functionally high quality and high biodegradability bioproducts of the fuel and lubricants (PM) materials. The main object of experimental research is the method of acetolysis of oils as one of the practically unexplored methods in comparison with well-developed methods of alcoholysis and esterolysis of T-oils. Based on the considered mechanism of catalytic and reversible reaction of acetolysis of oils as specific preacylation of their triacetylglycerol molecules, chemical-technological bases of processes of acetolysis of oils of two types are developed, namely: basic – rapeseed (g) and composition on its basis with 20 %, castor oil the so-called "ripritsol-20" (years). The optimal technological parameters for achieving high efficiency of acetolysis processes to obtain high-quality intermediates - mixtures of the corresponding FFAs of the general formulas RрC(O)–OH or RррC(O)–OH have been established. The necessity of combining the process of acetolysis of oils (p) or (pp) as the basis of the first stage of processing technology with the next stage, namely the conversion of VJ acids into more active in the reactions of the next stage derivatives - acid chlorides, and by a known, simple and fast method almost quantitative yield of intermediate products - mixtures of HlAn-VZhK (r) or (rr). The conceptual idea of the complex technology indicates the directions of rational processing of mixtures of VZ acids and their anhydrides (mixtures of HlAn-VZhK) into biocomponents of a wide range of purposes. In the second stage of the complex process, it is proposed to process Hlan-IJK mixtures into main bioproducts - biofuels or basic bio-oils by the well-known technologically and perfect Schotten-Bauman method, which is based on the acylation reaction of alcohols of the appropriate structure with chlorides of a certain type. or HlAn-VZhK (pp). Emphasis is placed on the rather favorable course of the acylation reaction of alcohols by the chosen method, in particular on its irreversibility, high speed under standard conditions, under such conditions high technical and economic efficiency of the second stage technology of the complex process is provided. It is shown that the technological operations of the complex process can be modified, directing them to the production of certain bioproducts, such as biofuels or biooils on the basis of adapted selection of the necessary combinations of raw materials. Thus, new biofuels of ester structure are proposed to be obtained by acylation of methanol or ethanol with mixtures of VOR acid chlorides derived from ripol. While new basic biooils of diester structure are recommended to be obtained by acylation of glycolysis of industrial production (in particular ethylene glycol) with a mixture of HlAn-VZhK, derived from the composite oil ripritsol-20. The presented tables of the calculated material balances of each of the stages of the complex process characterize their technical and economic efficiency and environmental safety. The main functional properties and some operational indicators of the experimental samples of products obtained during the research are determined: both biofuels and basic biooils, and composite ones based on the best mineral and bioproducts, in particular biodiesel and motor min-biooils. The analysis of their characteristics convinces that they do not concede on the functional indicators of quality to the best traditional materials of branch of PM-materials. Bibl. 12, Tab. 5.

scholarly journals ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ АГРОБІЗНЕСУ ЗА МІЖНАРОДНИМИ СТАНДАРТАМИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Zharikova O. ◽  
Pashchenko O.
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Wide Range

This article reveals the essence of financial and economic activity of agribusiness according to international standards. The activity of small enterprises, which produce 60-80% of GDP and employ about 70% of the working population, are the main producers in many countries, and it is proved that small business contributes to a fair competitive market by producing a wide range of high quality goods and services. Its importance in the agricultural sector requires the attention of public authorities, as well as scientific and public organizations. According to the financial and economic analysis, it is proved that small farms must be provided with the necessary socio-economic conditions for commodity production. Thus, small businesses need to create dairy farms in the livestock sector, and their activities must meet the requirements of European standards, comply with environmental standards and safety of dairy consumption. Despite the fact that the share of households was 76% of all categories of farms in total milk production, its production requires capital investment in Ukraine. Cooperation is an important way to increase the efficiency of small farms. Service cooperatives can organize the sale and processing of products, provide the farm with feed, equipment and advanced technologies, which will help increase the productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the service cooperative. As a result of the study, it was found that in terms of efficiency and quality, large agricultural enterprises are of great importance in milk production. However, public policy should promote milk production in households and small farms, as they concentrate almost 76% of milk production. Based on the study, we can conclude that currently the problem of the economy is to provide competitive and high-quality marketable dairy products and obtain a large amount of raw milk, and for this it is necessary to keep highly productive breeds of animals, introduce high-performance equipment and new production technologies. milk and quality control of raw milk at all stages of its production and sale to dairy enterprises. It is not possible for households and small farms to carry out these measures on their own. This is possible through the cooperation of small businesses, which will promote the production of quality dairy products, increase productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the cooperative, as well as government support.Keywords: agricultural enterprises, households, farms, milk production, production competitiveness, servicing cooperatives. У даній статті розкрито сутність фінансово-економічної діяльності агробізнесу за міжнародними стандартами. На основі власних досліджень практично та теоретично обгрунтовано діяльність малих підприємств, що виробляють 60-80% ВВП і зайняті близько 70% працездатного населення, є основними виробниками в багатьох країнах, а також доведено, що малий бізнес сприяє формуванню справедливого конкурентного ринку, виробляючи широкий асортимент високоякісних товарів та послуг. Його значення в аграрному секторі вимагає уваги державних органів влади, а також наукових та громадських організацій. За здійсненим фінансово-економічним аналізом доведено, що маленькі фермерські господарства повинні бути забезпечені необхідними соціально-економічними умовами для товарного виробництва. Охарактеризовано, малому бізнесу потрібно створити молочні ферми у галузі тваринництва, а їх діяльність повинна відповідати вимогам європейських стандартів, дотримуватися норм щодо охорони навколишнього середовища та безпеки споживання молочних продуктів. Незважаючи на те, що частка домогосподарств становила 76% усіх категорій ферм у загальному виробництві молока, його виробництво вимагає капітальних вкладень в Україну. Співпраця є важливим способом підвищення ефективності діяльності малих фермерських господарств. Обслуговуючі кооперативи можуть організовувати збут та переробку продукції, забезпечувати ферму кормами, технічними засобами та передовими технологіями, що допоможе підвищити продуктивність та економічну ефективність кожного члена обслуговуючого кооперативу. В результаті проведеного дослідження виявлено, що з точки зору ефективності та якості, великі аграрні підприємства мають велике значення у виробництві молока. Однак державна політика повинна сприяти виробництву молока в домашніх господарствах та невеликих фермерських господарствах, оскільки вони концентрують майже 76% виробництва молока. На основі проведених розрахунків доведено, що в даний час проблема економіки полягає у забезпеченні конкурентоспроможної та якісної товарної молочної продукції та отриманні великої кількості молочної сировини, а для цього необхідно утримувати високопродуктивні породи тварин, впроваджувати високопродуктивні технічні засоби та нові технології виробництва, зберігання сирого молока та контролю якості молочного сировини на всіх етапах його виробництва та реалізації молочним підприємствам. Встановлено, що до-могосподарствам та дрібним фермерським господарствам неможливо здійснити ці заходи самостійно, лише можливо завдяки співпраці малих підприємств, що сприятиме виробництву якісної молочної продукції, підвищенню продуктивності та економічної ефективності кожного члена кооперативу, а також державній підтримці. Ключові слова: аграрні підприємства, домогосподарства, ферми, виробництво молока, конкурентоспроможність виробництва, обслуговування кооперативів.

scholarly journals Intensification of the recovery of hydraulic equipment parts by iron in the electrolyte flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
YU.E. Kisel' ◽  
◽  
S.P. Simokhin ◽  
S.A. Murachev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Flow ◽  
Hardened Alloy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
Iron Coatings

The technology of bath-free ironing of parts in an electrolyte flow with simultaneous hydrome-chanical activation of the growing surface is proposed. Its advantages over the traditional type of coating are introduced. The structure, some physicomechanical and operational properties of iron coatings were studied depending on the electrolysis regimes and the composition of electrolytes. The possibility of high-speed electrodeposition of iron with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties is shown. There were shown the electrolysis modes, which make it possible to obtain high-quality strong-adhered pure-iron coatings with a wear resistance several times higher than hardened alloy steels and a precipitation growth rate tens of times higher than with traditional iron-ing. A typical technological process of parts ironing was developed. It was tested on the example of restoration of hydraulic valve spools of agricultural machinery. The design of an installation and an electrochemical cell for ironing the valve hydraulic distributors, providing optimal hydrodynamic conditions when applying coatings to worn surfaces, was proposed. Recommendations for the post-electrolysis treatment of restored parts by iron are given. Bench and field tests of hydraulic valves with remanufactured valves were carried out. They confirmed the results of laboratory studies, and showed that no malfunctions were identified during the operation period. Technical and economic calculations have shown the high efficiency of the proposed technology in comparison with tradi-tional ironing. The introduction of the technology in production will reduce the production area and the time spent on restoring parts by increasing the productivity of the iron process and reducing the number of operations, reducing the cost of materials for preparing electrolytes by reducing the op-eration of anodic treatment and washing, and increasing the reliability of the technology by improv-ing its structural scheme.

Proposal of High-Quality Laser Hardening System for Shaft Parts Using Cylindrical Mirror and Ring-Beam Shaped by High-Speed Laser Scan System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Tanabe ◽  
Keiji Ogawa ◽  
Heisaburo Nakagawa ◽  
Hirohito Tsukada ◽  
Yuki Goto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Shaft parts are important parts used in almost all machines including automobiles. In addition, extremely high reliability is required since a shaft failure is directly linked to a fatal machine trouble. Therefore, a hardening process is usually conducted to improve strength and wear resistance. In this study, we propose a new laser heat treatment method to produce high-quality and high-accuracy shafts with high efficiency, low cost and low environmental impact. We will also develop a technique to derive the appropriate laser irradiation conditions quickly and systematically for shafts with various shapes and dimensions. There are the other hardening techniques including the electric furnace method and the induction method. These methods require post-processing for deformation correction, whereas the proposed method uses a laser to achieve thermal deformation-free hardening, eliminating the need for the post-processing. As a result, an improvement in yield can be expected due to a reduction of the products that cannot be corrected after heat treatment, which had to be waste disposed with conventional methods. By using our method, the entire circumference of the shaft was hardened by using a ring-shaped laser beam and a cylindrical inner mirror. Here, the ring-shaped laser beam was formed by high-speed scanning of a spot shapelaser. In the present paper, the details of this system were introduced and some experimental results were described.

Research and Prospects of Improving the Fatigue Life of Wleded Train Bogie Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3292-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Lin He ◽  
Ying Xia Yu ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Welded Structure ◽  
Wide Range

Because of the high-speed, high transport capacity, low power consumption and a lot of technical and economic advantages, high-speed rail way are universal importance. High-speed railway with the speed of more than 300k/h has been run in China. But fatigue cracking of wleded bogie structure is markedly increased with increasing the train speed. How to avoid fatigue destroy of wleded bogie structure and ensure the safety of transportation are urgent problems to be soved in engineering. A lot of research works have been done at home and abroad. Comparing with traditional surface engineering method, there are many advantages of ultrasonic impact , for example, simple operation, less power consumption, high efficiency, adapt to a wide range, easy to achieve automate production and so on. It is an effective way to surface strengthening of metallic materials. Plastic flow and grain refinement on the metal surface can be obtained by using ultrasonic impact method, and the residual compressive stress on the surface can also be formed. So the mechanical properties of metal surface can be greatly improved. It is new method used in the area of welded structure, especially in the welded bogie structure. It is a new research direction to research the surface nanocrystallization mechanisium of ultrasonic impact, the effect of ultrasonic impac on the fatigue properties and failure mechanisium of wled joint of bogie.

Design of Special Ultrasonic Device in Composite Materials Processing

2014 ◽  
Vol 1027 ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Chong Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Vibration Milling

According to the unique advantage of the ultrasonic vibration processing in brittle materials, a new processing method, combining ultrasonic vibration and high-speed milling, was presented in this paper, to investigate an adaptation of high-quality and efficient processing in carbon fiber composites. Based on vibration theory, the special ultrasonic vibration milling device suitable for high speed machining centers was designed. Taking into account of a range of issues existing in contact electrical transport under high-speed processing, the contactless induction power transmission system was developed, and the impacts of load, frequency, air gap size as well as the existence of compensation on the transmission performance was discussed. The study shows that carbon fiber composites processed under ultrasonic vibration with high speed, high quality and high efficiency are adapted. Keywords: ultrasonic vibration milling; carbon fiber composites; contactless induction; tool wear

scholarly journals A Survey of High-Efficiency Context-Addaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding Hardware Implementations in High-Efficiency Video Coding Standard

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh - Lam Tran ◽  
Viet - Huong Pham ◽  
Hung K Nguyen ◽  
Xuan - Tu Tran
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Arithmetic Coding ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Compression Performance ◽  
High Data ◽  
Hardware Implementations ◽  
Wide Range

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is the newest video coding standard developed to address the increasing demand for higher resolutions and frame rates. In comparison to its predecessor H.264/AVC, HEVC achieved almost double of compression performance that is capable to process high quality video sequences (UHD 4K, 8K; high frame rates) in a wide range of applications. Context-Adaptive Baniray Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) is the only entropy coding method in HEVC, whose principal algorithm is inherited from its predecessor. However, several aspects of the method that exploits it in HEVC are different, thus HEVC CABAC supports better coding efficiency. Effectively, pipeline and parallelism in CABAC hardware architectures are prospective methods in the implementation of high performance CABAC designs. However, high data dependence and serial nature of bin-to-bin processing in CABAC algorithm pose many challenges for hardware designers. This paper provides an overview of CABAC hardware implementations for HEVC targeting high quality, low power video applications, addresses challenges of exploiting it in different application scenarios and then recommends several predictive research trends in the future.

scholarly journals The Differential Gas Turbine Using Electric Transmission

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Balnes ◽  
N. Bressloff
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Power Outputs

This paper describes studies of simple gas turbine engines integrated with electrical transmission components. Recent developments in high-speed lightweight electrical machines and compact power electronics have enabled alternators and motors to be produced which can be coupled directly to the shaft of a gas turbine without an intermediate gearbox. For applications which require a wide range of power outputs, a single-shaft gas turbine with a high speed alternator can be run at constant speed while varying the current drawn from the alternator. This combines the flexibility of operation of a separate power turbine with the simplicity of a single-shaft engine. With this arrangement, in traction use high torques are obtained at low speed, while near-constant engine efficiency is sustained to about 50% of the design power. In the differential engine, the mechanical linkage between the compressor and the turbine is replaced with an electrical linkage. The turbine drives an alternator, and part of the alternator power is taken by a high-speed motor to drive the compressor. The excess alternator power forms the output of the engine. The compressor and turbine are now able to run at different speeds, and their operating points can be separately optimised at different engine conditions. For such an engine, studies show that high efficiency can be maintained to low power levels.

The Development of Auxiliary Sets in Novel Cold Roll Forming Line - Continuous Mini Stretching-Bending Straighter and Roller Punching System

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1178-1182
Author(s):  
Yan Bing Du ◽  
Jing Tao Han ◽  
Yong Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thin Strip ◽  
Roll Forming ◽  
Cold Roll Forming ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cold Bending ◽  
Cold Roll ◽  
High Efficient

Cold roll forming thin strip products occupy a rather large proportion of novel cold bending manufacturing. Conventional roller straightening could not obtain perfect straightening effects when the thickness of strip less than 1mm. On the basis of continuous roller stretcher straightening theory, we developed an area saved, high efficient strip straightening facility. At the same time, punching is also requested during the cold roll forming of strips. High quality productions can be achieved at high speed through the roller punching system, so the device is adaptive for high efficiency cold roll forming production.

The New Edge. Building and Deploying a New State of the Art, High Speed Acquisition, Automation and Analytics Platform for Drilling, Completions, Production, and Renewable Energy Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Paul Pink ◽  
Carl Fehres ◽  
Julie Diane Pearce ◽  
Stacy Costa ◽  
Mickey Noworyta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Speed Data

Abstract This paper discusses the architecture, development, and deployment of a new state-of-the-art data acquisition and analytics platform. The system is designed to capture and store data for all phases of well construction and is also suited to aggregating data from renewable energy sources such as offshore wind turbines. In today's well construction world it is vitally important that an edge platform can capture high-quality, high-speed data. It needs to be able to universally translate data from many protocols and provide outbound data streams that are easy to consume and store. The high-quality data streams can then be queried by high-value analytics that ultimately deliver predictive and prescriptive solutions. Our approach was to identify the market pain and develop a system that solved the digital requirements for our customers who needed a field-deployed and field-supported, agnostic digital ecosystem. In the new "Digital Oilfield" the requirements for data capture, aggregation, edge computing, automation, cloud infrastructure and office applications are all expanding rapidly. Most "Edge" solutions are cloud-based and come from purely digital companies who have little or no domain knowledge or field infrastructure with which to deploy and maintain those systems. It was observed that an "Edge" solution was required that remained highly performant even if network connectivity from the cloud to the location was lost. This paper will also discuss the novel approach to the development of this platform with an oil & gas operator's subject matter experts being embedded in the contractor's product development team. The result being an end-to-end solution designed for both the requirements of the field and the office. The customer had previously built its own system internally, but was looking for a partner who could update and maintain an evergreen technology stack, increase speed and capability and be able to maintain and support a scalable product worldwide on all its operational locations. We will explain the development process, early field testing and commercialization of this product and the results that were achieved. This new system will have an open architecture that allows other digital companies to leverage the high-speed data and host their applications on the platform both on the wellsite and in the office. The system also provides interoperability with the machines on location, this interoperability enables a wide range of 3rd parties to be able to deliver automated applications on the well location. This technology will enable significant performance improvements in drilling and completion operations.

Windage and Axial Friction Losses of High Speed Generator

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Min Ren
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Symmetric Model ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Wide Range

Air-cooled generators have been fulfilling a wide range of applications recently. Concurrent with a low cost target, the market demands high efficiency and high performance designs. Windage and friction losses, caused by rotor rotation and cooling gas flowing through the ventilation circuits, represents one of the largest loss components in air-cooled generators. Carefully managing the windage and friction loss is critical to ensure the success of air-cooled generators. This work is motivated by development of air-cooled high-speed generators. In such applications, the flow inside the annular gap between the rotor and stator is highly turbulent. The flow characteristics are not fully understood. Physics-based correlations, which calculate the windage and friction losses, don’t exist in the literature. The purpose of this work is to develop such transfer functions for machine design. Numerical simulations, using commercial CFD code FLUENT 6.0 and Design of Experiment (DOE) method, have been carried out to study the flow characteristics in the annular space between the cylindrical rotor and stator. All simulations were performed using an axial-symmetric model, along with RNG k-ε turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment. In the study, the generator rated speed ranged from 5000 to 20000 rpm; the Taylor number ranged from 1750 to 78000; and the Mach number ranged from 0.25 to 1.0. The effect of axial flow on windage loss was carefully studied. Axial flow exhibited a strong impact on windage loss. The CFD results are rationalized. Transfer functions for windage and axial friction losses are created. They provide a better basis to explore the design space at the early stage of the product development.

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