scholarly journals Evaluation of The Pathogenic Potential of Insecticidal Serratia marcescens Strains to Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDYTA KONECKA ◽  
JOANNA MOKRACKA ◽  
SYLWIA KRZYMIŃSKA ◽  
ADAM KAZNOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Index

We observed the death of insect caterpillars of Spodoptera exigua in the laboratory culture line and identified Serratia marcescens as the bacterial causative agent of the insect death. We confirmed that S. marcescens had insecticidal activity against S. exigua and caused high mortality of larvae. The LC50 values of S. marcescens CFU per 1cm2 of insect diet surface were similar for all isolates. Our research reports novel strains with high pesticidal activity as candidates for future research on a new bioinsecticide. As bioinsecticides cannot be harmful to non-target organisms, we determined the pathogenic properties of S. marcescens to humans. We proved the ability of S. marcescens todamage mammalian epithelial cells. All strains had cytopathic effects to Vero cells with a cytotoxic index ranging from 51.2% ± 3.8%to 79.2% ± 4.1%. We found that all of the strains excreted catecholate siderophore – enterobactin. All isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, gentamicin, cefepime, and aztreonam. We did not observe the ESBL phenotype and the integrons’ integrase genes. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole was due to the presence of the sul1 or sul2 gene. The use of resistant S. marcescens strains that are pathogenic to humans in plant protection may cause infections difficult to cure and lead to the spread of resistance genes. The results of our study emphasize the necessity of determination of the safety to vertebrates of the bacteria that are proposed to serve as biocontrol agents. The novelty of our study lies in the demonstration of the indispensability of the bacteria verification towards the lack of hazardous properties to humans.

scholarly journals Identification, subtyping and virulence determination of Listeria monocytogenes, an important foodborne pathogen

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Control And Prevention

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen that has become an important cause of human foodborne infections worldwide. Given its close relationship to other Listeria species and its tendency to produce non-specific clinical symptoms, the availability of rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for the differentiation of L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species is helpful for selecting appropriate treatment regimens. In addition, with L. monocytogenes comprising a diversity of strains of varying pathogenicity, the ability to precisely track the strains involved in listeriosis outbreaks and speedily determine their pathogenic potential is critical for the control and prevention of further occurrences of this deadly disease. Extensive research in recent decades has revealed significant insights regarding the molecular mechanisms of L. monocytogenes infection. This in turn has facilitated the development of laboratory procedures for enhanced detection and identification of L. monocytogenes, and has also contributed to the implementation of improved control and prevention strategies against listeriosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress in the species-specific identification, subtyping and virulence determination of L. monocytogenes strains, and to discuss future research needs pertaining to these important areas of listeriosis.

scholarly journals Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jagels ◽  
Viktoria Lindemann ◽  
Sebastian Ulrich ◽  
Christoph Gottschalk ◽  
Benedikt Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analytical Standards ◽  
Respective Species

The genus Stachybotrys produces a broad diversity of secondary metabolites, including macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones, and phenylspirodrimanes. Although the class of the phenylspirodrimanes is the major one and consists of a multitude of metabolites bearing various structural modifications, few investigations have been carried out. Thus, the presented study deals with the quantitative determination of several secondary metabolites produced by distinct Stachybotrys species for comparison of their metabolite profiles. For that purpose, 15 of the primarily produced secondary metabolites were isolated from fungal cultures and structurally characterized in order to be used as analytical standards for the development of an LC-MS/MS multimethod. The developed method was applied to the analysis of micro-scale extracts from 5 different Stachybotrys strains, which were cultured on different media. In that process, spontaneous dialdehyde/lactone isomerization was observed for some of the isolated secondary metabolites, and novel stachybotrychromenes were quantitatively investigated for the first time. The metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys species are considerably influenced by time of growth and substrate availability, as well as the individual biosynthetic potential of the respective species. Regarding the reported adverse effects associated with Stachybotrys growth in building environments, combinatory effects of the investigated secondary metabolites should be addressed and the role of the phenylspirodrimanes re-evaluated in future research.

A Systematic Review of Replicative Self-Determination Intervention Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
John L. Luckner ◽  
Rashida Banerjee ◽  
Sara Movahedazarhouligh ◽  
Kaitlyn Millen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Quality Of Research

Current federal legislation emphasizes the use of programs, interventions, strategies, and activities that have been demonstrated through research to be effective. One way to increase the quantity and quality of research that guides practice is to conduct replication research. The purpose of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the replication research focused on self-determination conducted between 2007 and 2017. Using methods used by Cook and colleagues, we identified 80 intervention studies on topics related to self-determination, of which 31 were coded as replications. Intervention study trends, rate of replication studies, percentage of agreements between findings of original and replication studies, amount of author overlap, and types of research designs used are reported along with recommendations for future research.

Effectiveness of a Modified Version of Airflow Therapy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Glenn L. Falkowski ◽  
Arthur M. Guilford ◽  
Jack Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Components

Utilizing airflow therapy, Schwartz (1976) has claimed an 89% success rate with stutterers following treatment and an 83% success rate at one year follow-up. Such claims have yet to be documented in the scientific literature. The purposes of this study were: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of a modified version of airflow therapy; (b) to examine the relative importance of its two main components—passive airflow and elongation of the first vowel spoken. The speech of two adult male stutterers with a lengthy history of stuttering, was assessed with spontaneous speaking and reading tasks. Results indicated marked improvement in both subjects' speech on the reading task was maintained at follow-up 10 weeks later. For spontaneous speech, results were generally weaker and less durable. Effects of the two treatment components were cumulative and did not allow determination of any differential effectiveness between components. Implications of these findings were considered and directions for future research discussed.

Economic Analysis of Production of Maize in Meghalaya and Constraints Associated with it

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipriya R. Lyngkhoi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Average Return ◽  
Maize Cultivation

The present study was undertaken to estimate the costs and returns structure of maize cultivation and identifying the prominent production constraints in West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. A sample of 60 farmers was randomly drawn from six villages of Mawthadraishan and Nongstoin block of the selected district. The costs and returns per hectare were calculated on the basis of cost concepts and Garett ranking method was used for employed for determination of constraints in maize production. The overall cost of cultivation was found to be ` 37185.22 per ha and the major cost components were manures (48.25%) and human labour (34.73%). The overall net return was evaluated at ` 19038.20 with small, medium and large farmers having similar returns with the exception of marginal farmers gaining a net return of only ` 13889.83 which was 27.04 per cent lower than the average return among the sample farmers. It may be attributed to their heavy dependence on labour and lack of investment on irrigation, plant protection and better-quality seeds. The realised average yield was found to be 23.65 q/ha which was abysmally low compared to other maize producing states of India. A positive trend between the return over cost ratio and the operational holding was observed with an average of 1.51. The prominent constraints as perceived by the farmers were unfavorable weather conditions, the incidence of pests and diseases and costly fertilizers and manures with the Garrett’s score of 64.70, 62.75 and 54.40 respectively

scholarly journals Determination of main parameters of ISOBUS system based agricultural machinery management

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Magó László ◽  
Kosta Gligorević ◽  
Milan Dražić ◽  
Mićo Oljača
Keyword(s):  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
System Of Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Machines

ISO organization (https://www.iso.org) in early 90s defined an industry standard for the communication protocol among electronic devices of different manufacturers of agricultural machines. After that, all of the market actors recognised that this technology would be very important for agricultural electronics. The appearance of ISOBUS products in the market was in the mid-2000s. ISOBUS description could be found in ISO-11783 (https://www.iso.org). Through the standards and the related technical background, the production processes and the operations could be followed and monitored by the extensive Data Management. Farmers' and users legitimate needs and developing goal is to elaborate a decision support systems that follow-up the utilisation of the machines and ensure the quality of operations. For this purpose, it is essential to determine which technical, economical, technological parameters detection, measurement, transmission, processing, and evaluation becomes necessary. In our work, we reviewed which mechanical characteristic, settings are monitored within the ISOBUS system by the major machine manufacturers. We developed the system of parameters and derived features that provide effective farm-, and land-management in case of attached equipment for spreading of input materials, plant protection and tillage implements.

scholarly journals Analisis Fungsi Aktivasi Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan untuk Mendeteksi Karakteristik Bentuk Gelombang Spektra Babi dan Sapi

CAUCHY ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Shofwan Ali Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Backpropagation Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

<div class="standard"><a id="magicparlabel-1110">Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is beginning little by little to replace the task of an expert, even with the ANN can be a tool to replace a doctor. One of kind of ANN is Backpropagation networks, this network can be used to training programs in order to be able to recognize whether it is pig or cow wave spectra. To determine the output in Backpropagation training required suitable activation functions. Therefore, in this research will be compared to some of the activation function that can be used in training. Activation functions will be tested with the ratio test to determine the interval convergence. After tested with the ratio test it was found that the activation function was the best activation function to use the Backpropagation network training, because it has a weight range that can meet the methods used in the determination of weights. When tested with the data, the activation function is able to recognize correctly all trial datas. Expected in future research to examine the weight that makes the interval training to achieve fast convergence and the error bit.</a></div>

Determination of Fluorine in Biological Materials: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

This review on determination of fluorine in biological materials briefly covers (a) a discussion of various forms of fluorine in body fluids and tissues [and also in foods]; (b) methods of their determination, including pretreatment of samples, separation and concentration of F and its final measurement; (c) an evaluation of the analytical methods used and interpretation of results; and (d) some recommendations for future research in fluorine analytical methods applicable to biological materials.

Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionis in Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Mazen Bufaur ◽  
◽  
Safwat Al-Gkhami ◽  
Rami Bou Hamdan ◽  
Waed Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Second Year

Bufaur, M., S. Al-Gkhami, R. Bohamdan, W. Ghanem and M. Dawara. 2021. Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionisin Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.268272 A weekly adults collection of Capnodis tendebrionis L. (Buprestidae; Coleoptera) was conducted for two seasons (2018, 2019) to determine the maximum insect adults appearance period. Early adult appearance was recorded in the first year in warm-dry months as compared to the second year in cold-wet months. Maximum insect adults appearance was recorded at the end of April during the first season and at the end of May in the second season. A field experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of some pesticides on controlling pest adults: Deltamethrin, 100g/l, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl 48% and Acetamiprid 20% as a foliar spray, and Deltamethrin 0.25% as dusting powder around the stem, in addition to the control. Results obtained showed that Chlorpyriphos-ethyl and the two Deltamethrin treatments were the best on adults and with significant differences compared with Acetamiprid treatment following the first and the second week after spraying in 2018, and the Deltamethrin as dusting powder and Chlorpyriphos-ethyl treatments were the best and with significant differences compared to other treatments were observed. Using Deltamethrin as dusting powder around the stem was highly efficient during three weeks after spraying as compared with other treatments in the two years. Keywords: Capnodis tendebrionis L., Maximum adult appearance period, Deltamethrin, Chlorpyriphos- ethyl and Acetamiprid

scholarly journals Frequency of mentum deformity in Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) in a laboratory culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mariana Silveira Guerra Moura e Silva ◽  
Ana Lúcia Silva Marigo ◽  
William Viveiros ◽  
Mônica Luisa Kuhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Ecotoxicological Tests ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Dilution Water

The midge Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) has been used in ecotoxicological tests because it is sensitive to a variety of inorganic pollutants. Among the parameters used to evaluate the toxicity of a substance is the frequency of mentum deformity, which is part of the oral system of this organism. However, there is still no consensus on the baseline level (percentage) of acceptable deformities in laboratory cultures not exposed to pollutants. The determination of this variable is important to ensure the validity of bioassays and to compare cultures from different research and teaching institutions. Once this value is established, it will also be used to monitor the quality of organisms cultured, since factors such as inbreeding could increase the frequency of mentum deformity. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify the percentage of mentum deformity in the fourth instar of C. sancticaroli larvae from the culture of the Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystems, at Embrapa Meio Ambiente. The average frequency of mentum deformity obtained was 6,63%. It is believed that factors such as the renewal of the culture with the inclusion of spawns from the laboratories of other institutions, as well as the control of the quality of the dilution water and the sediment of the breeding may have contributed to a low frequency of mentum deformity of the culture observed in this study.

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