ظاهرة تغيير الديانة في الأرخبيل الماليزي: الخبرات النفسية والاجتماعية

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LORANS HASSAN AL ZUABI ◽  
Muhammad Aunurrochim Mas'ad Saleh ◽  
Amalina Ahmad Tajudin ◽  
Sumaya Mohammed Bagotayan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Love Marriage ◽  
Research Analysis

The main objective of this study is to explore the reasons why people leave their religion and convert to another religion or adopt another religious status. By using qualitative research analysis, the study explores the reasons why some people in Malaysian Peninsular have converted to Islam while others have embraced it. The study took into consideration whether the psychological, social and religious experiences of the converts affect their decision to convert. The data was collected through accurate interviews, both face-to-face and online, with converts to and from Islam. With purposive samples and a snowball, online interviews were conducted with apostates and face-to-face interviews with converts to Islam. The results of the data analysis showed that the phenomenon of religious conversion is a sensitive and complex issue in Malaysian Peninsular. The research found that the reasons for changing their previous religions or leaving the religion entirely vary greatly depending on the social, psychological and religious experiences of the converts. Thus, the reasons cited by most apostates about Islam seem more religious, but in fact more psychological and social. The reasons cited by those who converted to Islam are more social and psychological. For apostates, violence and contradiction in Quranic verses and Islamic education are the main reasons for abandoning Islam. Love, marriage, and material gain were among the reasons why some people converted to Islam. Therefore, the study concluded that the decision to leave the former religion is usually influenced by multiple, varied and interrelated reasons. Most of them were the result of social motives, which created psychological crises, and, in turn led to a change of religion.

Religion priming and an oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism interact to affect self-control in a social context

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Y. Sasaki ◽  
Taraneh Mojaverian ◽  
Heejung S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Motivated

AbstractUsing a genetic moderation approach, this study examines how an experimental prime of religion impacts self-control in a social context, and whether this effect differs depending on the genotype of an oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism (rs53576). People with different genotypes of OXTR seem to have different genetic orientations toward sociality, which may have consequences for the way they respond to religious cues in the environment. In order to determine whether the influence of religion priming on self-control is socially motivated, we examine whether this effect is stronger for people who have OXTR genotypes that should be linked to greater rather than less social sensitivity (i.e., GG vs. AA/AG genotypes). The results showed that experimentally priming religion increased self-control behaviors for people with GG genotypes more so than people with AA/AG genotypes. Furthermore, this Gene × Religion interaction emerged in a social context, when people were interacting face to face with another person. This research integrates genetic moderation and social psychological approaches to address a novel question about religion's influence on self-control behavior, which has implications for coping with distress and psychopathology. These findings also highlight the importance of the social context for understanding genetic moderation of psychological effects.

Ideology and General Theory: The Case of Sociological Functionalism

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Huaco
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Talcott Parsons ◽  
World War ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S

It is a commonplace of our recent past that functionalism and the second system of Talcott Parsons (a distinctive version of functionalism) rose to power or attained hegemony in American sociology shortly after the end of World War II, retained this hegemony through the 1950s and 1960s, and lost a near-exclusive hold in the early 1970s when many of the younger sociologists abandoned a holist or transindividual perspective in favor of an interpersonal face-to-face context (associated with the social psychological concerns of symbolic interaction and ethnomethodology). What accounts for this? Why did functionalism and the second system of Parsons capture the intellectual allegiance of so many intelligent men and women in American sociology precisely at the end of World War II? What explains the almost total hegemony of this persuasion of general theory for more than two decades? Finally, what accounts for the fact that many younger sociologists withdrew their allegiance to these views at the end of the 1960s or early 1970s?

scholarly journals Cooperation and the Logic of Action

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-377
Author(s):  
Antti Eskola ◽  
David Kivinen
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Logic Of Action ◽  
The Social

Abstract This study has two purposes. As a social-psychological contribution to the theory of translation, it points to some of the advantages and drawbacks of the researcher's participation in the translation of scientific texts. As a contribution to social-psychological theory, it wishes to demonstrate that forms of cooperation cannot be planned in abstracto, without taking the overall social activity of the actors into account, of which participation in cooperation is only one part. One of the most original and ingenious inventions in the social sciences dates back to the early 1950's: the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma (see Rapoport 1982). With perplexing accuracy, it puts it quite plainly that, first, action taken by individuals upon perfectly rational deliberation does not necessarily lead to collective rationality. Also, showing how a social structure may produce forces motivating the individual, the Prisoner's Dilemma has something to give to social psychologists. Even in the event that the prisoners have had the opportunity to discuss different strategies and jointly decide on adopting one, each is tempted to betray the other - and both are afraid that they will be betrayed. Psychological motives, the temptation and the fear, arise out of the logic of the social situation. Our intention has been to show that translation as a social activity involves motivating forces, assumptions to do with competence, and restrictive factors that all shape the scientist-translator cooperation irrespective of their deliberate pursuits. Therefore, rather than planning it oh an abstract basis, the working method has to be deduced from the logic of action. In doing so, we will see that cooperation cannot be symmetric; the weight is necessarily on the translator's role. The scientist, then, comes into the picture when the translator needs help; he does not have to be prepared for regular and face-to-face interaction with the translator, but only to make sure that the message of his text is conveyed (provided that he has the competence in the target language). Cooperation between translator and editor, in turn, is much more dependent on face-to-face interaction.

scholarly journals Following ties and traces of migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachele Bezzini ◽  
Gilles De Rapper ◽  
Ana Cristina Irian
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Status

The Albanian town of Gjirokastër is located 30 kilometers from the Greek border. While this proximity has inevitably contributed to directing migration flows to Greece, the focus of this article is to understand the characteristics of migration from Gjirokastër to Italy – the second destination for Albanian migrants after Greece. Findings will show how, despite its marginality, migration from Gjirokastër to Italy plays a significant role in remaking the symbolic boundaries within the social space under consideration. Based on a short period of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in the summer of 2015, this research follows the ties and traces of migration from Gjirokastër to Italy through an experimental analysis of the town’s visual landscape and soundscape and that of the narratives which emerged from photo-elicitation sessions and face-to-face interviews with individuals related to Albanian migrants in Italy. Thanks to the analysis of both these public and private spheres, the article specifically proposes an understanding of the migration phenomenon which focuses on its transformative role within the place of origin, its categories and its hierarchies.In particular, we will see how migration to Italy may become a way to transform the status of Muslim Albanians vis-à-vis Orthodox Albanians in Gjirokastër through religious conversion to Catholicism, as well as as through the opportunities provided by learning the Italian language. In fact, both language learning and religious conversion – either before or after migration – seem to act as tools for social mobility on an individual basis. This concerns not only migrants, but also their kin and, more extensively, the local population of Gjirokastër through infrastructures (church, honorary consulate, school, etc.) indirectly linked with migration to Italy.

Providing Freshmen with a Good “Starting-Block”

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaël De Clercq ◽  
Charlotte Michel ◽  
Sophie Remy ◽  
Benoît Galand
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Adjustment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Intention To Persist

Abstract. Grounded in social-psychological literature, this experimental study assessed the effects of two so-called “wise” interventions implemented in a student study program. The interventions took place during the very first week at university, a presumed pivotal phase of transition. A group of 375 freshmen in psychology were randomly assigned to three conditions: control, social belonging, and self-affirmation. Following the intervention, students in the social-belonging condition expressed less social apprehension, a higher social integration, and a stronger intention to persist one month later than the other participants. They also relied more on peers as a source of support when confronted with a study task. Students in the self-affirmation condition felt more self-affirmed at the end of the intervention but didn’t benefit from other lasting effects. The results suggest that some well-timed and well-targeted “wise” interventions could provide lasting positive consequences for student adjustment. The respective merits of social-belonging and self-affirmation interventions are also discussed.

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