Investigation of Fermentation Regimes for the Production of Low-alcohol and Non-alcohol Beers

The combination of modified mashing method and arrested fermentation for the production of low-alcohol and non-alcohol beers was studied. Therefore, five regimes for fermentation of wort with reduced fermentable sugar content with top-fermenting yeast strain at low temperatures and pitching rates were investigated. According to the fermentation dynamic results the decrease in the fermentation temperature from 10 °C to 5 °C at pitching rate of 109 Colony Forming Units cm−3 ( CFU cm−3 ) led to significantly reduced concentrations of ethanol and secondary metabolites in beer. The temperature decrease from 10 °C to 7 °C at pitching rate of 107 CFU cm−3 resulted in a decrease in the alcohol concentration and increase in all the secondary metabolite concentrations except for the vicinal diketones concentration. Data show that yeast biomass does not grow at 5 °C and at inoculum concentration of 107 CFU cm−3, which makes fermentation impossible. Fermentation kinetics using Monod's model supplemented with product inhibition was also investigated. Up to 1.7 % of alcohol accumulates in the beer in some of the variants within 7 days. At low fermentation temperatures, yeast biomass utilizes part of the substrate to maintain its vital activity under stress fermentation conditions, which leads to a reduction in the amount of alcohol synthesized. The synthesis and reduction of the secondary metabolites was delayed compared to conventional beer fermentation. The sensory evaluation of the beers produced showed that the most appealing beer was the one produced at 10 °C and pitching rate of 109 CFU cm−3.

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Modeling of solid sediment transport in mountain rivers

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017512002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 12002 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Issam Boukhanef ◽

Anna Khadzhidi ◽

Lyudmila Kravchenko ◽

Zeroual Ayoub ◽

Kastali Abdennour

Keyword(s):

Sediment Transport ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

High Water ◽

The Other ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Solid Transport ◽

One Year ◽

The One

In Algeria, the problems of erosion and sediment transport are critical, since they have the most dramatic consequences of the degradation of agricultural soils on the one hand and the siltation of the dam on the other .The sediment transport in the Algerian basins is very important especially during the periods of floods, It is in this sense that this study, which consists of estimating the sediment transport in suspension and determining the models of relation linking the liquid discharge and the sediment discharge in order to estimate the solid transport in the absence of suspended sediments concentration data at the Sidi Akkacha station at the outlet of the basin of Oued Allala which is subject to a high water erosion, it degrades from one year to the other under the effect of this phenomenon especially during the floods which drain high amounts of fine particles exceeding in general, the concentration of 150 g/l, the results obtained from the application of the models are very encouraging since the correlation between liquid and solid discharge exceeds 80 %.

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Validation of transdermal alcohol concentration data collected using wearable alcohol monitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 108304

Author(s):

Sina Kianersi ◽

Maya Luetke ◽

Jon Agley ◽

Ruth Gassman ◽

Christina Ludema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Concentration Data

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Studies on the Chemical Diversities of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Neosartorya fischeri via the OSMAC Method

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23112772 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 2772 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

You-Min Ying ◽

Lu Huang ◽

Ting Tian ◽

Cui-Yu Li ◽

Shi-Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Late Step ◽

Neosartorya Fischeri ◽

The One ◽

First Time

The One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) method was applied to explore the chemical diversities of secondary metabolites produced by Neosartorya fischeri NRRL 181. Four pyripyropenes 1–4, eight steroids 5–11, and four prenylated indole alkaloids 12–15, were obtained from the fungus cultured in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA). 1,7,11-trideacetylpyripyropene A (1) and 1,11-dideacetyl pyripyropene A (2) were obtained and spectroscopically characterized (1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS) from a natural source for the first time. It offered a sustainable source of these two compounds, which were usually used as starting materials in preparing pyripyropene derivatives. In addition, as compared with all the other naturally occurring pyripyropenes, 1 and 2 possessed unique acetylation patterns that did not follow the established late-step biosynthetic rules of pyripyropenes. The natural occurrence of 1 and 2 in the fungus implied that the timing and order of hydroxylation and acetylation in the late-step biosynthetic pathway of pyripyropenes remained to be revealed. The isolation and identification of 1–15 indicated that the OSMAC method could remarkably alter the metabolic profile and enrich the chemical diversities of fungal metabolites. Compounds 1–4 exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity against the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 as compared with taxol.

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Sucking or lapping: facultative feeding mechanisms in honeybees ( Apis mellifera )

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2020.0449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 20200449

Author(s):

Jiangkun Wei ◽

Zixin Huo ◽

Stanislav N. Gorb ◽

Alejandro Rico-Guevara ◽

Zhigang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Behavioural Flexibility ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Uptake Rates ◽

Wide Range ◽

The One ◽

Large Groups ◽

Mode A

Nectarivorous insects generally adopt suction or lapping to extract nectar from flowers and it is believed that each species exhibits one specific feeding pattern. In recent literature, large groups of nectarivores are classified as either ‘suction feeders', imbibing nectar through their proboscis, or ‘lappers', using viscous dipping. Honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) are the well-known lappers by virtue of their hairy tongues. Surprisingly, we found that honeybees also employ active suction when feeding on nectar with low viscosity, defying their classification as lappers. Further experiments showed that suction yielded higher uptake rates when ingesting low-concentration nectar, while lapping resulted in faster uptake when ingesting nectar with higher sugar content. We found that the optimal concentration of suction mode in honeybees coincided with the one calculated for other typical suction feeders. Moreover, we found behavioural flexibility in the drinking mode: a bee is able to switch between lapping and suction when offered different nectar concentrations. Such volitional switching in bees can enhance their feeding capabilities, allowing them to efficiently exploit the variety of concentrations presented in floral nectars, enhancing their adaptability to a wide range of energy sources.

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Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Imaging for Sugar Content Evaluation in Potatoes over Multiple Growing Seasons

Food Analytical Methods ◽

10.1007/s12161-020-01886-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed M Rady ◽

Daniel E Guyer ◽

Nicholas J Watson

Keyword(s):

Hyperspectral Imaging ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Multispectral Imaging ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Imaging Systems ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Forward Selection ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Growing Seasons

Abstract Sugar content is one of the most important properties of potato tubers as it directly affects their processing and the final product quality, especially for fried products. In this study, data obtained from spectroscopic (interactance and reflectance) and hyperspectral imaging systems were used individually or fused to develop non-cultivar nor growing season-specific regression and classification models for potato tubers based on glucose and sucrose concentration. Data was acquired over three growing seasons for two potato cultivars. The most influential wavelengths were selected from the imaging systems using interval partial least squares for regression and sequential forward selection for classification. Hyperspectral imaging showed the highest regression performance for glucose with a correlation coefficient (ratio of performance to deviation) or r(RPD) of 91.8(2.41) which increased to 94%(2.91) when the data was fused with the interactance data. The sucrose regression results had the highest accuracy using data obtained from the interactance system with r(RPD) values of 74.5%(1.40) that increased to 84.4%(1.82) when the data was fused with the reflectance data. Classification was performed to identify tubers with either high or low sugar content. Classification performance showed accuracy values as high as 95% for glucose and 80.1% for sucrose using hyperspectral imaging, with no noticeable improvement when data was fused from the other spectroscopic systems. When testing the robustness of the developed models over different seasons, it was found that the regression models had r(RPD) values of 55(1.19)–90.3%(2.34) for glucose and 35.8(1.07)–82.2%(1.29) for sucrose. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the feasibility of developing a rapid monitoring system using multispectral imaging and data fusion methods for online evaluation of potato sugar content.

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Impact of cannabis and low alcohol concentration on divided attention tasks during driving

Traffic Injury Prevention ◽

10.1080/15389588.2020.1814956 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ryan E. Miller ◽

Timothy L. Brown ◽

Stella Lee ◽

Ishaan Tibrewal ◽

Gary G. Gaffney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Divided Attention ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Attention Tasks ◽

Low Alcohol

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Relationship of Alcohol-Related Injury and Perceived Driving Under the Influence from Hours of Exposure to High Blood Alcohol Concentration: Data From Four US National Alcohol Surveys (2000–2015)

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/alcalc/agaa053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 564-570

Author(s):

Cheryl J Cherpitel ◽

Edwina Williams ◽

Yu Ye ◽

William C Kerr

Keyword(s):

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Driving Under The Influence ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Predicted Probability ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Aims To analyze racial/ethnic disparities in risk of two alcohol-related events, alcohol-related injury and self-reported perceived driving under the influence (DUI) from hours of exposure to an elevated blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Methods Risk curves for the predicted probability of these two outcomes from the number of hours of exposure to a BAC ≥ 0.08 mg% in the past year were analyzed separately for whites, blacks and Hispanics in a merged sample of respondents from four US National Alcohol Surveys (2000–2015). Results Hours of exposure to a BAC ≥ 0.08 showed a stronger association with perceived DUI than with alcohol-related injury for all racial/ethnic groups. Greater risk was found for whites than blacks or Hispanics for outcomes at nearly all BAC exposure levels, and most marked at the highest level of exposure. Risk of both outcomes was significant for whites at all exposure levels, but small for alcohol-related injury. Little association was found for alcohol-related injury for blacks or Hispanics. For perceived DUI, risk for blacks was significantly elevated at lower levels of exposure, while risk for Hispanics was significantly elevated beginning at 30 h of exposure. Conclusions Findings showed racial/ethnic differences in risk of alcohol-related injury and perceived DUI from hours of exposure to elevated BAC. Risk increased at relatively low levels of exposure to a BAC ≥ 0.08, especially for whites, highlighting the importance of preventive efforts to reduce harmful outcomes for moderate drinkers.

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La nécessité d'un programme d'amélioration de certaines essences forestières feuillues : Applications aux genres Juglans et Acer

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc45386-6 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 386-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Parrot

Keyword(s):

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Common Species ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Short Term Study ◽

Wood Sculpture ◽

The One ◽

Selection Of

Although most of our tree-breeding programs are concerned with coniferous forest species, we must not neglect the valuable hardwoods exploited in our region. The need of these programs for hardwoods is undeniable and they should be based, as much as possible, on genecological studies.One such study illustrates the wide variation in genetic adaptation of Juglans nigra and indicates its practical implications. Further, these results were obtained from a short-term study of 17 provenances for variations in frost-hardiness at a single location.Intra-specific variation is being investigated in Juglans cinerea, a more common species in our region than the one previously mentioned and one which is also in strong demand for furniture-making and wood sculpture. The resulting data will permit the selection of the best seed zones. Such a breeding program could eventually support far more than small, local industries.Another project involving Acer saccharum describes the variation in sugar-content of sap in three maple stands sampled each spring from 1965 to 1969. Two stands were very homogeneous compared to the third. The magnitude of the differences maintained throughout the study period led to the selection of nine genotypes whose sugar contents varied from 4.6% to 9.7%, indicating maximum genetic gains on the order of 150%.Continued research in vegetative propagation of Acer saccharum is needed for the production of clonal populations for breeding programs.

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Effect of Different Concentrations of Nickel on Some secondary metabolites in Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.)

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

Leila Yazdanpanah Goharriz ◽

Peyman Rajaei ◽

Mehran Moradalizdeh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Leaf Protein ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Beneficial Element ◽

Controlled Conditions

Nickel is a heavy metal that is toxic for humans, animals and plants. However, some plants are known as accumulator plants. In some plants, nickel has been introduced as beneficial element for growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of nickel on some metabolites of Coriandrum Sativum L. The experiment was done under controlled conditions. Plant samples were kept in a growth chamber under standard conditions and treated with various concentrations of nickel for 12 weeks. Based on these results, leaf protein and sugar content decreased while the content of flavonoids, phenolic and flavonol increased.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12059 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 28-32

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EFFET DU CLIMAT SUR LA FLETRISSURE BACTERIENNE DE LA POMME DE TERRE ET RELATION AVEC LE CONTENU EN SUCRES DES TIGES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps76-090 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 549-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ROGER PAQUIN ◽

H. GÉNÉREUX

Keyword(s):

Sugar Content ◽

Degree Days ◽

Bacterial Ring Rot ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Disease Evolution ◽

Ring Rot ◽

Mean Temperature ◽

Northern Regions ◽

The Mean ◽

The One

Potato cultivars resistant to bacterial ring rot, inoculated with Corynebacterium sepedonicum, were more infected in the northern regions (North Shore) than at La Pocatière (South Shore of St. Lawrence River) where the number of degree-days and mean temperatures are higher. Plant stems from the Northern regions had a higher total and reducing sugar content than those of La Pocatière and there was a significant correlation between sugar content and the mean temperature or the number of degree-days. However, the latter correlation is more significant than the one between the percentage of infected plants and the mean temperature or the number of degree-days in that region. The possible role of sugars in the disease evolution in the cool regions is discussed.

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