scholarly journals Hardware Signature Generation Using a Hybrid PUF and FSM Model for an SoC Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Kokila ◽  
Arjun Murali Das ◽  
Basha Shameedha Begum ◽  
Natarajan Ramasubramanian

Security is becoming an important issue in the recent System on Chip (SoC) design due to various hardware attacks that can affect manufacturers, system designers or end users. Major issues include hardware Trojan attack, hardware intellectual property (IP) theft, such as an illegal sale or use of firm intellectual property cores or integrated circuits (ICs) and physical attacks. A hybrid model consisting of Arbiter PUF and Butterfly PUF are used to generate random responses which are fed to a Finite State Machine (FSM). A three-level FSM was designed to generate the signature correctly to authenticate IPs. The results were obtained with the help of three Intellectual Property (IP) cores – Zedboard OLED IP, ISCAS’89 s1423 Benchmark IP and a Full Adder IP. A 16-bit arbiter PUF and Butterfly PUF have been implemented on a 28nm FPGA. The average execution time to generate hardware signature for three IP cores was found to be 4.78 seconds (5 iterations) which is considerably low.

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Linhai Cui ◽  
Yusen Qin ◽  
Fanyang Kong ◽  
Kaihong Yu

This paper presents an efficient method for Regular Expression Matching (REM) by reusing Intellectual Property (IP) cores in a new architecture of Network on Chip (NoC). The method is to design a reusable IP core which consists of many engine cells for REM and to implement each engine cell on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as a prototype. To make Finite State Machine (FSM) simpler, a new approach for partitioning a regular expression into several smaller parts is proposed. Each part of a regular expression was matched by an engine cell during matching, and each engine cell communicates with others by routers on a NoC topology. The proposed NoC architecture is a general-purpose design which is suitable for different rule libraries in deep packet inspection (DPI). It can deal with the problem that character self-deplete made the correct regular expression matching missing. A way to use both logic cell and RAM available on FPGA devices is described, and it can make it easier to change the rule library of regular expressions in the RAM. The implementation of the NoC architecture by employing application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) is finally discussed.


2019 ◽  
pp. 28-32

Desarrollo e implementación de la interface SBA para un núcleo pWM de 16 canales independientes programables Development and implementation of the SBA interface for a 16 independent programmable channels pWM Ip Core Renzo Bermúdez y Miguel Risco Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería (CIDI) de la Facultad de Ingeniería Electrónica y Mecatrónica Universidad Tecnológica del perú DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0017/ RESUMEN Los Ip-Cores (Núcleos de propiedad Intelectual) son para el diseño de hardware lo que las librerías son para la programación de computadoras. Se suelen utilizar en la forma de un circuito discreto integrado, donde la “placa de circuito” es un diseño más grande en ASIC o en FpGA. Un núcleo de propiedad intelectual a menudo adopta la forma de un programa de computadora escrito en el HDL, tales como Verilog, VHDL o SystemC. Idealmente, un Ip-Core debe ser totalmente “portable”, es decir, que fácilmente se pueda adaptar a cualquier tecnología de otros proveedores o diferentes métodos de diseño. Los Receptores/Transmisores Asíncronos Universales (UART), las Unidades Centrales de procesamiento (CpU), los Controladores Ethernet, las Interfaces pCI, son algunos ejemplos de Ip-Cores. En este trabajo, se presenta la adaptación de un IpCore pWM de 16 canales a una estructura de bloques independientes similar a los SoC (System on Chip). No se ha implementado un microprocesador como maestro del sistema; en su lugar una máquina de estado compleja administra un bus con la finalidad de ahorrar recursos en la FpGA. Esta máquina de estado compleja, que hace las veces de controlador del sistema, se encuentra dentro de una disposición a la que se le denomina SBA (Simple Bus Architecture) o Arquitectura Simple de Bus, la cual no es más de una simplificación de las señales y reglas que establece la especificación Wishbone. El sistema así integrado permite la configuración de 16 salidas digitales pWM independientes en modo de bajo rizado. Si bien en el ejemplo que se presenta en este trabajo muestra un solo IpCore pWM instanciado, esto no supone un límite. El núcleo pWM implementado no hace uso de recursos específicos o especiales de la FpGA, lo que permite que la cantidad de bloques instanciados pueda crecer tanto como bloques genéricos configurables en la FpGA se encuentren disponibles. Es decir, por cada núcleo instanciado se dispondrá de 16 canales pWM independientes que poseerán una posición de programación específica dentro del mapa de direcciones del SBA. Descriptores: FPGa, PWm, system on chip. ABSTRACT iP cores (intellectual Property cores) are for hardware design what libraries are for computer programming. They are typically used in the style and form of a discrete integrated circuit, where the “circuit board” is a larger design in asic or FPGa. a core intellectual property often takes the form of a software program written in hDl such as verilog, vhDl or systemc. ideally, an iP-core must be fully portable, meaning that it can be easily adapted to any technology from other suppliers or different design methods. receivers/transmitters universal asynchronous (uart), central Processing units (cPu), ethernet controllers, interfaces Pci are examples of iP-cores. This paper presents the adaptation of a 16-channel PWm iPcore to a separate brick structure similar to soc (system on chip). We did not implement a microprocessor as master of the system, instead a complex state machine runs a bus in order to save resources in the FPGa. This complex state machine that acts as the controller of the system is within a provision which is called sba (single bus architecture), which is just a simplification of the signals and rules establishing the Wishbone specification. The system thus allows the configuration of 16 independent PWm digital outputs in low ripple mode. While the example presented in this work shows a single PWm iPcore instantiated this is not a limit. The implemented PWm core does not use specific or special resources of the FPGa, which allows that the number of instantiated blocks can grow as much as configurable generic blocks in the FPGa become available. That is, for each instantiated core there will be 16 independent PWm channels that will have specific preset positions within the address map of the sba. Keywords: FPGa, PWm, system on chip.


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Melo ◽  
Cesar A. Zeferino ◽  
Luigi Dilillo ◽  
Eduardo A. Bezerra

Reducing component size and increasing the operating frequency of integrated circuits makes the Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) more susceptible to faults. Faults can cause errors, and errors can be propagated and lead to a system failure. SoCs employing many cores rely on a Network-on-Chip (NoC) as the interconnect architecture. In this context, this study explores alternatives to implement the flow regulation, routing, and arbitration controllers of an NoC router aiming at minimizing error propagation. For this purpose, a router with Finite-State Machine (FSM)-based controllers was developed targeting low use of logical resources and design flexibility for implementation in FPGA devices. We elaborated and compared the synthesis and simulation results of architectures that vary their controllers on Moore and Mealy FSMs, as well as the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) hardening application. Experimental results showed that the routing controller was the most critical one and that migrating a Moore to a Mealy controller offered a lower error propagation rate and higher performance than the application of TMR. We intended to use the proposed router architecture to integrate cores in a fault-tolerant NoC-based system for data processing in harsh environments, such as in space applications.


IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 813-826
Author(s):  
Farid Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Zarin Tasnim Sandhie ◽  
Liaquat Ali ◽  
Masud H. Chowdhury

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Raquel Fernández de Cabo ◽  
David González-Andrade ◽  
Pavel Cheben ◽  
Aitor V. Velasco

Efficient power splitting is a fundamental functionality in silicon photonic integrated circuits, but state-of-the-art power-division architectures are hampered by limited operational bandwidth, high sensitivity to fabrication errors or large footprints. In particular, traditional Y-junction power splitters suffer from fundamental mode losses due to limited fabrication resolution near the junction tip. In order to circumvent this limitation, we propose a new type of high-performance Y-junction power splitter that incorporates subwavelength metamaterials. Full three-dimensional simulations show a fundamental mode excess loss below 0.1 dB in an ultra-broad bandwidth of 300 nm (1400–1700 nm) when optimized for a fabrication resolution of 50 nm, and under 0.3 dB in a 350 nm extended bandwidth (1350–1700 nm) for a 100 nm resolution. Moreover, analysis of fabrication tolerances shows robust operation for the fundamental mode to etching errors up to ± 20 nm. A proof-of-concept device provides an initial validation of its operation principle, showing experimental excess losses lower than 0.2 dB in a 195 nm bandwidth for the best-case resolution scenario (i.e., 50 nm).


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Meyer ◽  
Chul Soo Kim ◽  
Mijin Kim ◽  
Chadwick L. Canedy ◽  
Charles D. Merritt ◽  
...  

We describe how a midwave infrared photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that combines lasers, detectors, passive waveguides, and other optical elements may be constructed on the native GaSb substrate of an interband cascade laser (ICL) structure. The active and passive building blocks may be used, for example, to fabricate an on-chip chemical detection system with a passive sensing waveguide that evanescently couples to an ambient sample gas. A variety of highly compact architectures are described, some of which incorporate both the sensing waveguide and detector into a laser cavity defined by two high-reflectivity cleaved facets. We also describe an edge-emitting laser configuration that optimizes stability by minimizing parasitic feedback from external optical elements, and which can potentially operate with lower drive power than any mid-IR laser now available. While ICL-based PICs processed on GaSb serve to illustrate the various configurations, many of the proposed concepts apply equally to quantum-cascade-laser (QCL)-based PICs processed on InP, and PICs that integrate III-V lasers and detectors on silicon. With mature processing, it should become possible to mass-produce hundreds of individual PICs on the same chip which, when singulated, will realize chemical sensing by an extremely compact and inexpensive package.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document