scholarly journals Energy Balance of a Low Energy House with Building Structures with Active Heat Transfer Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kalús ◽  
Zuzana Straková ◽  
Matej Kubica
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Heat Recuperator ◽  
Pipe Systems ◽  
Building Energy System

A qualitatively new dimension has been introduced to the issue of building structures for energy-efficient buildings by the system of Active Thermal Insulation (ATI), which is already applied in the construction of such buildings. ATI are embedded pipe systems in the envelope structures of buildings, into which we supply a heat-carrying medium with adjusted temperature, so this constitutes a combined building-energy system. This introduces the concept of an internal energy source understood as an energy system integrated into the zone between the static part and the thermal insulation part of the building structure envelope. Under certain conditions, the ATI can serve as a heat recuperator or as an energy collector for a heat pump application. ATI consists of pipe systems embedded in building structures, in which the medium circulates heated by energy from any heat source. The function of the system is to reduce or eliminate heat losses through non-transparent structures in the winter and at the same time to reduce or eliminate heat gains in the summer. It is especially recommended to apply heat sources using renewable energy sources due to the required low temperatures of the heating medium and thus shorten the heating period in the building. Also recommended is to apply ATI for the use of waste heat. Buildings with a given system show low energy consumption and therefore meet the requirements of Directive no. 2018/844/EU, according to which, from 01.01.2021, all new buildings for housing and civic amenities should have energy needs close to zero.

scholarly journals THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS: FUNDAMENTAL, APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1A) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Duc Long
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Emission

Energy and the environment are popular themes in the 21st century because both are closely interlinked. The current technologies are focusing on finding new, clean, safe and renewable energy sources for a better environment. Thermoelectric (TE) materials are able to generate electricity when applied a temperature different at a junction of two dissimilar materials. This is a promising technology to directly convert waste heat into electricity without any gas emission, thus providing one of the most clean and safe energy. However, the applications of TE devices are still limited due to its low energy conversion efficiency and high material cost. As a result, researches in TE materials are mainly focusing on the improving of efficiency and developing cheap materials.  In this paper, the fundamental, challenges and applications of thermoelectric materials were reviewed. In addition, currently research in thermoelectric materials and improving their efficiency will also be reviewed.

scholarly journals Multi-Energy School System for Seasonal Use in the Mediterranean Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8458
Author(s):  
Antonino D’Amico ◽  
Domenico Panno ◽  
Giuseppina Ciulla ◽  
Antonio Messineo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
High Degree

School buildings represent an energy-consuming sector of real estate where different efficiency actions are necessary. The literature shows how the design of a multi-energy system offers numerous advantages, however, there are problems related to the integration of cogeneration units with renewable energy sources due to the low flexibility of the first one and the high degree of uncertainty of the latter. The authors provide an alternative solution through the analysis of a case study consisting of a multiple energy system in three Sicilian schools, focusing on the system’s operational strategy, on the design and sizing of components and trying to exploit the energy needs complementarity of buildings instead of integrating the conventional energy storage systems. Not considering school activities in summer, it was decided to install a cogeneration unit sized on winter thermal loads, whereas the electricity demand not covered was reduced with photovoltaic systems designed to maximize production for seasonal use and with loads concentrated in the morning hours. The effectiveness of this idea, which can be replicated for similar users and areas, is proved by a payback time of less than 11 years and a reduction of 31.77% of the CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Low Energy Renovation of Social Housing: Recommendations on Monitoring and Renewable Energies Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Bianca Seabra ◽  
Pedro F. Pereira ◽  
Helena Corvacho ◽  
Carla Pires ◽  
Nuno M. M. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
The North ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Passive Strategies

Social housing represents a part of the whole building stock with a high risk of energy poverty, and it should be treated as a priority in renovation strategies, due to its potential for improvement and the need to fight that risk. Renovation actions are currently designed based on patterns that have been shown to be disparate from the reality of social housing. Thereby, a monitoring study is essential for the evaluation of the actual conditions. An in-depth characterization of a social housing neighborhood, located in the North of Portugal, was carried out. Indoor hygrothermal conditions were analyzed through a monitoring campaign. It was possible to identify the differences in indoor conditions of the dwellings and understand the influence of occupancy density and occupants’ behavior. In order to identify the actual occupancy and the type of use, a social survey was performed. A renovation action will soon take place, and a monitoring and survey plan is proposed for the post-renovation period, based on a previous evaluation of the renovation impact, using DesignBuilder software and the real occupancy profiles. In social housing context, since energy consumption for heating and cooling is punctual or non-existent, the focus of low energy renovation should be based on passive strategies that reduce the energy demand. The remaining energy needs should be supplied by renewable energy sources, reducing energy poverty, and enhancing quality of life.

PEACES: A Program for the Economic Analysis of Combined Energy Systems

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Roy-Aikins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Combined Cycles

Industrial concerns, the world over, are embracing gas/steam turbine combined cycles and combined heat and power as means of meeting energy needs. The main reason is that the potential for energy savings is huge, due to the utilisation of waste heat as useful energy — the key to the excellent thermodynamic performance exhibited by combined energy systems. Excellent thermodynamic performance may not be matched by excellent economic performance, and in certain cases it may not be economical to choose a combined energy system over a mix of supply from conventional plants. The factors governing the economics of combined energy are numerous, though a few are decisive. In choosing a plant for a given duty, an economic assessment of life-cycle costs should be carried out for candidate plants, to arrive at the most economically viable investment proposal, among alternatives. With this in mind, a computer program PEACES was developed to aid the appraisal of energy investment proposals based on combined energy systems. The economic model on which the program was structured is described in this paper. A case study is carried out, where the software was used at arriving at the most economically viable solution for meeting the energy needs at an industrial site.

scholarly journals Solving the Interconnection Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-538
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Cantafio ◽  
Miles C. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Energy Grid ◽  
Current Energy

The distinct three energy grids as such exist in the United States (the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, and the Texas Interconnection or ERCOT) unnecessarily constrain the United States in addressing its future energy needs, as electricity flow between the three grids is very limited. As our country’s reliance on traditional nonrenewable energy sources like coal continue to decline and the reliance on renewable energy sources continues to grow, the United States should focus on replacing the existing three-grid system with a national energy grid that will benefit energy companies and consumers, as well as serve our future energy needs. This Article provides both an overview of the current energy system in the United States and evidence in support of a solution—creation of a national energy grid.

scholarly journals A High Standard Isolated Insolated Photovoltaic Egyptian Safari Rest Red Sea Area

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten H. Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
Sea Area

Where renewable energy sources, solar, hydro, wind are available the remote communities and businesses can be provided with the most reliable and affordable source of electrical energy. This paper presents a model of safari rest contains all the necessary services for the interested tourists who visit the safari Sinai desert. The PV energy system provides the rural energy needs of remote communities. A photovoltaic renewable energy system is designed to feed the global Ac and Dc electrical required load of this safari rest. The benefits of photovoltaic renewable energy at rural applications are its versatility and convenience. This model of safari rest must be taken in consideration by Egyptian Government as it will provide the tourism plane by new interested tourism field which put a big spot on Red sea area: El Ghordaka.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Startups and SME

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshani Goel
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Capacity ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Economy

India’s energy needs are in demand with the increase in energy and other electric uses which is highest among the world. There are sectors which heavily rely on energy generated by fossil fuels but there is also seen a paradigm shift towards renewable energy sources. If India continues to rely on the former then they end up blocking development in energy system meeting uncertainties and face difficulties in supply of fossil fuels. To meet the fast-growing economy, India needs to supply the energy 3-4 times more of what they are supplying now. Government of India has become aware of the situation and has started facilitating polices in action towards a sustainable energy. As of 2019, India’s on grid renewable energy capacity is 85.9 GW. Government is working to establish 500 GW of renewable energy source by 2030.

scholarly journals A Survey on Effective Grid Connected Power Flows in Renewable Energy System

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Pooja Mahajan ◽  
Urmila Soni
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day and canNot be satisfactorily met without Non-renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as wind and sun are universal and environmentally friendly. These renewable energy sources are the best options for meeting global energy needs, but they are unpredictable due to natural conditions. Using solar and wind hybrid renewable energy systems is the best option to take advantage of these available resources. This article introduces wind energy conversion systems, solar energy conversion systems, and multistage inverters.

scholarly journals A Smart Hybrid Energy System Grid for Energy Efficiency in Remote Areas for the Army

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Berardi ◽  
Elisa Tomassoni ◽  
Khaled Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Base Camp

The current energy inefficiencies in relocatable temporary camps of the Armed Force troops create logistic challenges associated with fuel supply. The energy needs of these camps are primarily satisfied by diesel engine generators, which imply that a significant amount of fuel needs to be continuously provided to these camps, often built in remote areas. This paper presents an alternative solution, named Smart Hybrid Energy System (SHES), aiming towards significantly reducing the amount of fuel needed and minimizing transportation logistics while meeting camp energy demands. The SHES combines the existing diesel generators with solar power generation, energy storage, and waste heat recovery technologies, all connected to a microgrid, ensuring uninterrupted electricity and hot water supplies. All components are controlled by an energy management system that prioritizes output and switches between different power generators, ensuring operation at optimum efficiencies. The SHES components have been selected to be easily transportable in standard shipping 20 ft containers. The modularity of the solution, scalable from the base camp for 150 people, is designed according to available on-site renewable sources, allowing for energy optimization of different camp sizes in different climates.

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