scholarly journals Misconception about the Role of a Dose in Pharmacology: Short Review Report on the Biological and Clinical Effects

Screening of the pharmacological property of test chemical substances through experimental design is still a challenge in drug discovery and development. On the one hand, there is scientific misconception about the role of a dose in experimental toxicology. It is considered to be the fundamental concept of toxicology by which the poison of a chemical substance is made which is far from scientific reality due to the fact that the nature of a chemical substance could not be changed by simply quantification. This scientific misconception about the role of a dose in toxicology leads to the introduction of harmful pharmaceutical products to the pharmaceutical market as health care services which affect public health in different ways. On the other hand, the toxic property of a chemical substance is diverse, has a variety of adverse effects which make drug safety screening very difficult to analyse toxicity in a harmonized procedure. In conclusion, the dose has no role to eliminate the toxicity of a chemical substance but it has the role to limit the magnitude of pharmacological effect which determines lifespan of an organism. Since the toxic property of a chemical substance is diverse, an integrated biological approach is preferable to analyse its toxicity in a harmonized manner to be able to limit the introduction of harmful pharmaceutical product to the pharmaceutical market.

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-244
Author(s):  
Epari Venkata Rao ◽  
Prem Sagar Panda

Pandemics have significantly affected economy of each country. Health & political system have been also drastically affected in each part of the country. To fight against pandemic, it demands multidimensional approaches comprising of various measures like surveillance, containment, isolation & quarantine, border restriction as well as various socio-political and community measures. Though the entire health workforce is involved at multiple levels, the role of a community medicine/public health expert is maximum in controlling the spread in the community and managing the situation. The community medicine specialists can contribute to the public health as well as health-care services in combating the pandemic. This review has been done for giving an insight of proper utilisation of public health services and existing manpower of community medicine. Also this will channelize our health system and give a direction for combating future public health crisis.  So Government should utilise the experiences and expertise to manage the pandemic very well.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-343
Author(s):  
CECILIA ROSSEL ◽  
FELIPE MONESTIER

AbstractThis article analyzes how policy ideas already adopted in Europe, particularly in France, were taken into consideration for the design of Uruguay’s National Public Assistance (NPA) policy. Established in 1910, the NPA was a pioneering government social policy for the time and for the region.Some have argued that the design of the NPA law followed the secular and republican model instituted in France at the end of the nineteenth century when France established the Assistance Publique, particularly regarding the extent of public assistance to the poor, the role of the state in the provision of health care (as opposed to charity-based provision) and the centralization of health-care services (as opposed to a decentralized health-care system).We analyze how these revolutionary ideas were discussed by the technicians and politicians who participated in the process that culminated in the approval of the law in Uruguay discussed these revolutionary ideas. We explore the factors that motivated the creation of the commission that developed the law. We also review available documentation on the drafting of the bill and the parliamentary debate that culminated in its approval. We find that the design of the NPA included many ideas diffused mainly from France. The French model was not simply emulated, however. Rather, the authors of the NPA thoroughly analyzed and considered the features and main consequences of the Assistance Publique, suggesting that diffusion in this case was more a process of learning than of simple mimicry.


Medical Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 37-120
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines the provision of health care services. It first considers the way in which NHS services are commissioned. Secondly, it covers the issue of resource allocation or rationing. It examines different rationing strategies, and considers the role of the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, and the use of judicial review to challenge funding decisions. Finally, it examines public health law, and role of the state in encouraging healthy behaviour and addressing health inequalities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ayaad ◽  
Aladeen Alloubani ◽  
Eyad Abu ALhajaa ◽  
Mohammad Farhan ◽  
Sami Abuseif ◽  
...  

Curationis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ET Mabunda ◽  
S Booyens

The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of nursing auxiliaries towards health care services,against their scope of practice. The sample consisted of nursing auxiliaries in the Gazankulu area ,in the Northern Transvaal.The findings revealed that nursing auxiliaries are presently an essential component of nursing services rendered in Gazankulu,but that apart from their prescribed role,they are also engaged in activities which should be performed by enrolled and professional nurses,and general assistants.A need for education is apparent for all categories of nursing staff regarding the scope of practice of nursing auxiliaries.


2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor D. Kinney

With new, effective, and expensive health care services, the American health care sector has become an even greater source of business and wealth opportunities. All kinds of health care providers and suppliers are competing for patients and dollars. The key to wealth in today’s health care sector is the physician. Only physicians can certify to third-party payers that health care services, medical devices, or pharmaceutical products are necessary for patient care. That certification initiates the process by which the item, service, or treatment modality is ordered, delivered, and paid for. Thus, organizations that can exert control over physicians stand to gain financially.


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