scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Pentaeritritol Tetranitrate (PETN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Group Structure ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Direct Form ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is considered a high explosive that has been widely studied for its chemical and mechanical properties due to its nitrate ester group structure. Its applicability is intended from military purposes to medicine and pharmacy. It is often a substitute for nitroglycerin and can be incorporated into polymeric matrices that enhance its properties and make it safer to handle. In this work a synthesis of direct form elaborated according to the reference material was presented, by the discontinuous nitration process, conducted in several steps starting from Pentaerythritol (PE) with fuming nitric acid, having a very significant and expected yield according to data referenced in previous studies. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyzes confirm the chemical structure of the substance obtained and the mass variation as a function of temperature, and typical information which can be derived from measurements such as characteristic temperatures (melting, crystallization, reactions, glass transition) for characterization of high energy materials. The explosive obtained by the new route proves to be effective and high yield.

N-Oxides light up energetic performances: synthesis and characterization of dinitraminobisfuroxans and their salts

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
pp. 8969-8973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlin He ◽  
Yongxing Tang ◽  
Lauren A. Mitchell ◽  
Damon A. Parrish ◽  
Jean'ne M. Shreeve
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
High Energy Materials

Dinitraminobisfuroxans and their salts were synthesized; their detonation performances were improved with the presence of the N-oxide functionality making them competitive high energy materials.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Al/HTPB Composite for High Energetic Materials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Alexander Vorozhtsov ◽  
Marat Lerner ◽  
Nikolay Rodkevich ◽  
Sergei Sokolov ◽  
Elizaveta Perchatkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
The Cost

Nanosized Al (nAl) powders offer increased reactivity than the conventional micron-sized counterpart, thanks to their reduced size and increased specific surface area. While desirable from the combustion viewpoint, this high reactivity comes at the cost of difficult handling and implementation of the nanosized powders in preparations. The coating with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is proposed to improve powder handling and ease of use of nAl and to limit its sensitivity to aging. The nAl/HTPB composite can be an intermediate product for the subsequent manufacturing of mixed high-energy materials while maintaining the qualities and advantages of nAl. In this work, experimental studies of the high-energy mixture nAl/HTPB are carried out. The investigated materials include two composites: nAl (90 wt.%) + HTPB (10 wt.%) and nAl (80 wt.%) + HTPB (20 wt.%). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed from 30 to 1000 °C at slow heating rate (10 °C/min) in inert (Ar) and oxidizing (air) environment. The combustion characteristics of propellant formulations loaded with conventional and HTPB-coated nAl are analyzed and discussed. Results show the increased burning rate performance of nAl/HTPB-loaded propellants over the counterpart loaded with micron-sized Al.

scholarly journals Phase Transformation and Microstructure Characterization of Ceramic Porcelain with Different Ratio of Treated Fgd Sludge/Feldspar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
Suffi Irni Alias ◽  
Banjuraizah Johar ◽  
Syed Nuzul Fadzli Adam ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib ◽  
Fatin Fatini Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Main Component

Abstract The porcelain formulation containing percentages of treated FGD sludge waste from 5% up to 15% in replacement of feldspar were prepared. The porcelain mixture formulation were mixed by high energy planatery mill at speed 300 rpm for 1 hours. The powder were compacted by using hydraulic press and sintered at temperature 1200 °C for 3 hours. The sintered samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescene (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry/Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DCS). The primary effect concerning the addition of treated FGD sludge was the change of intensity composition (gypsum and anhydrate) in porcelain formulation. The XRD analysis has shown that the main component in sludge waste were gypsum and anhydrate.

Laboratory Characterization of High Energy Materials

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Brand ◽  
T. W. Hawkins ◽  
M. B. Mckay ◽  
I. M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
High Energy Materials ◽  
Laboratory Characterization

Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene /Graphite Nanocomposites Prepared by High-energy Cryomilling.

2013 ◽  
Vol 1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Vazquez-Rodriguez ◽  
Gloria E. Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
Selene Sepulveda-Guzman ◽  
Martín E. Reyes-Melo ◽  
Aaron Morelos-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Graphite Nanocomposites

ABSTRACTUltra-high molecular weight polyethylene/graphite nanocomposites were prepared by high-energy cryogenic milling followed by syntering. Microstructure changes shows that graphite was reduced to graphite nanoplatelets by high-energy cryomilling and partial exfoliation of graphite to few layered graphene nanoplatelets occurred in a small extent. The resulting nanocomposites revealed high electrical conductivity and good mechanical performance. Thermal characterization of the nanocomposites was also carried out by differential scanning calorimetry.

scholarly journals Conductometry and Size Characterization of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Produced by Ball Milling

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Malik Rehan Abbasi ◽  
Miroslava Marsalkova ◽  
Jiri Militky
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Size Characterization ◽  
Polypyrrole Nanoparticles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polypyrrole (PPy), one of the most extensively investigated conducting polymers, has attracted a great deal of interest because of its good electrical conductivity, environmental stability, and easy synthesis. PPy films were produced by polymerization of pyrrole and tosylate (TsO−) as dopants in the presence of oxidant FeCl3 and polyethylene glycol (Mw 8000) at −5°C for 48 h. High energy milling was carried out at 850 rpm in the dry media with the balls of 10 mm. Particles were then characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and Dynamic Light Scattering techniques for size distribution, and it was found that the size of PPy particles is a decreasing function of time of milling. Electrical conductivity was measured by preparing a homogenous aqueous dispersion of PPy particles and found as exponential decreasing function of time of milling. The changes occurred in PPy after milling was analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

scholarly journals Characterization of Response Frequency for the Pressure-Sensitive Paint Based on Fluorine-Containing Polymer Matrixes Using Oscillating Sound Wave Technique

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6310
Author(s):  
Yun Shao ◽  
Liusheng Chen ◽  
Qi Liao ◽  
Heng Jiang ◽  
Zhitian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Wave ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Paint ◽  
Response Frequency ◽  
Sensor Layer ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Wave Technique ◽  
Quenching By Oxygen

Five kinds of new homo-polymer and copolymers of methacrylate containing a fluorine ester group were synthesized and used for the binder of pressure-sensitive paint (PSP)to ensure the good compatibility between luminophore (Pt(II) meso-tetra (pentafluorophenyl) porphine (PtTFPP)) and polymer binder. In the work, we were concerned with how the structure of thesepolymers containing fluorine, especially the various ester group structure, affects the response frequency of PSP using oscillating sound wave technique. The results showed that the pressure sensitivities (Sp) of these PSP samples containing different polymers, exhibit some difference. The length of ester chain on the methacrylatepolymer affects the response frequency of PSP sensor layer composed of the polymer. The longer the chain length of the ester group, the higher the response frequency of the PSP sensor layer quenching by oxygen.

Characterization of Red Seaweed Extracts Treated by Water, Acid and Alkaline Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Alawi ◽  
Pothiraj Chitra ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun ◽  
Insaaf Al-Marhubi ◽  
Mohammad Shafiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract Seaweed contained health functional polysaccharides and polyphenols. Five extracts were prepared from red seaweed Melanothamnus somalensis; two of these were aqueous at 20°C (F1) and 70°C (F2), followed by acid (F3), alkali (F4) and acid-washed (F5) treatments. Molecular characteristics of extracts were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Health functionality was determined by sulfate and polyphenol contents, and thermal characteristics were determined by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Extract F3 contained the highest levels of sulfate followed by F2, F1, F4 and F5, respectively. Similarly, F3 contained the highest polyphenol followed by F4, F2, F1 and F5, respectively. Molecular weight distribution of F1 showed wider distribution of sizes (MW: 1.0 × 103 – 3.0 × 107), and F5 showed a sharp peak (MW: 3.1 × 103); whereas F2, F3 and F4 indicated bimodal distribution. FTIR indicated that all fractions contained agar except F5 and sulfate ester group was attached to carbon 6 of the saccharide.

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