Difference in Root Canal Length between Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Length Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conservative Dentistry

Introduction: The objective of the study was to make the comparison of the root canal length of different types of teeth in black-Africans (Bantu) to that of Caucasians and Asians. Materials and Methods: Data from a prospective cross-sectional study of Bantu (Black Africans) subjects aged from 18 to 45 years who were admitted in Service of Conservative Dentistry of Kinshasa University, root canal length were compared with already published data from studies involving Caucasians and Asians. Results: This study includes 720 subjects; 480 (66%) were female and 240 (34%) were male. A total of 818 teeth were examined with 1539 root canals. The upper central incisor and the lower first molar predominated respectively in the maxilla and the mandible regions. There is a significant difference between the canal length of Bantu and Asians in the palatal canal of the upper second molar by 3.1 mm (p= 0.00). Eight different canals of Bantu were longer as compared to a single canal for Asians (p <0.05). This include the Vestibular (V) and palatine (P) canals of Bantu the first premolar (PM1 ), palatal of the second premolar (PM2 ), mesio-vestibular (MV), disto-vestibular (DV) and palatine (P) of the first molar (M1 ) mesio-vestibular and palatal of the second molar (M2 ). The lateral incisors (IL) (p= 0,01) and the canines (p= 0.12) of the Asians were longer than that of the Bantu. The Caucasians presented with longer canines than Bantu with a length difference of 1.7 mm (p= 0.11). Four Caucasians also presented with longer canals of the Mesio-Vestibular (MV) and mesiolingual (ML) of the two molars (M1 and M2 ) as compared to one for Bantu are the longest (p <0.05). Exceptionally, the distal canal (D) of the second molar (M2 ) of the Bantu was longer than that of the Caucasians, with a length difference of 1.5 mm. Conclusion: The root canal length of Bantu is between than those of the most Asian and shortest Caucasian.

scholarly journals Extra canal in permanent maxillary first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment at a tertiary care dental hospital, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Archana Gharti ◽  
Neera Joshi ◽  
Kranti Prajapati ◽  
Sharada Devi Wagle ◽  
Suraj Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Permanent maxillary first molar normally has three root canals but it can have extra root canals for which several studies were done in many parts of the globe. However, this type of study to explore extra canal is lagging in the context of Nepal. Objectives: The objective was to determine the percentage of extra canal in permanent maxillary first molar in patients undergoing root canal treatment and to compare the same between male and female. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics of People’s Dental College and Hospital from 20th December 2019 to 20th December 2020 after receiving ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council on 18th December 2019 (ERB protocol No 888/2019) . One hundred and eighty permanent maxillary first molar teeth without root canal calcification were enrolled. Convenient sampling was done. Access opening was done and all canal orifices were located and recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 with frequency table. Chi-square test was used for inferential statistics. Results: Out of 180 teeth, extra canals were present in 44(24.4%) having more numbers in male than in females. Extra canal was present in the mesiobuccal root. Conclusion: Extra canal in the permanent maxillary first molar is present in Nepalese population with greater number in male than in female. Thus, exploration of the pulp chamber in search of an extra canal is necessary to prevent failure of root canal treatment.

scholarly journals Nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Hyder M. Mahgoub ◽  
Omar E. Fadlelseed ◽  
Ammar H. Khamis ◽  
Jalal A. Bilal ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
More Care ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Background: Adolescents, especially girls, are susceptible to malnutrition and their diet must be adequate to support their very rapid growth and development. Currently, there is little published data on the nutritional state amongst adolescent girls in Sudan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan during the period of January-February 2015. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured using blood samples, and blood films for malaria and stool samples for Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed according to the WHO 2006 reference values. Copper and zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption. Results: Twenty-five (13.7%) out of 183 girls were stunted. Seventy (38.3%) were thin; 17.5, 9.3 and 11.5% had mild, moderate and severe thinness, respectively. Only 10 (5.5%) and six (3.3%) girls were overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was 77.0%. While there was no significant difference in the haemoglobin, ferritin, copper levels and thinness; thin children had significantly lower zinc (P=0.007). Conclusions: There is a high rate of stunting, thinness and anaemia among adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan. More care has to be taken in order to provide a better nutrition status in the area.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF TIME IRRADIATION BY LASER DIODE 650 NM AND PHOTOSENSITIZER Methylene Blue ON DECREASING THE NUMBER OF MIXED BACTERIAL COLONIES FROM NECROTIC ROOT CANAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nadya Ayusandra Larasati ◽  
Kun Ismiyatin ◽  
Sri Kunarti
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Laser Diode ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Effective Radiation

Background. Pulp necrosis is defined as the irreversible death of pulp tissue. It clinically observed by the destruction of its own tissue. The primary etiology of pulp necrosis is irritation due to bacterial infection. The treatment for pulp necrosis is root canal treatment with a success percentage ranging from 40-93% based on cavities with minimal bacteria that can be sterilized. One method of sterilization using Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), which uses laser diodes is currently being developed in the field of conservative dentistry, but there are still many differences of opinion regarding the ideal amount of time of laser radiation or photoactivation used to reduce the number of bacteria, especially in root canals. Aim. To determine the effective radiation time of the 650 nm wavelength laser diode with Methylene Blue Photosensitizer in reducing the number of bacterial colonies from necrotic root canals. Method. This research is a laboratory experimental study with 30 samples and 6 groups with different durations of irradiation namely 45, 60, 75 and 90 seconds. Results. It was found that there was a decrease in the number of mixed bacterial colonies within necrotic root canals with the obtained p-value of the ANOVA test results being <0.05. This shows that there is a significant difference between the amounts of mixed bacterial colonies from necrotic root canals in each treatment group. Conclusion. Diode laser radiation with a wavelength of 650 nm with duration of 90 seconds of radiation and Methylene Blue Photosensitizer is an effective time in reducing the number of bacterial colonies from necrotic teeth compared to the duration of radiation of 45, 60 and 75 seconds.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Different Types of Apical Root Canal Morphology and their Treatment Recommendations in an Institute

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (210) ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Shrestha ◽  
Smriti Karki ◽  
Navin Agrawal ◽  
Mannu Vikram ◽  
Vimmi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Diamond Disc

  Introduction: Canals can be of different shapes in cross section including round canals, oval canals, long oval canals or ribbon shaped canals. Recesses of nonround canals may not be included in the round preparation created by rotary instruments and thus they remain unprepared. The aim of this study included determination of shape and taper of the apical root canal based on diameter at different levels. Methods: This was a cross sectional study which used convenient sampling technique to determine the sample size. Seventy extracted teeth were sectioned horizontally at one, two and three millimeter from the apex using the diamond disc which was observed under trinocular research microscope for the determination of diameter of root canal under 10x magnification. Results: The most common canal configuration was oval. The taper of the canals was 25% in mesial root and 20% in distal in bucco-lingual orientation and 14% in mesial root and 15% in distal in mesio-distal orientation. Conclusions: The most prevalent canal configuration in this study was non round, however, most of the rotary instruments tend to prepare root canals into round shape making their use questionable. The taper of the root canals was found to be higher in our study than what most of the shaping instruments have to offer. So it would be advisable to consider this fact while selecting instruments and preparing these non-round canals as far as the Nepalese subpopulation is considered.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on the Preference of Root Canal Sealers Among Pediatric Dentists For Obturating Permanent Teeth

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Lakshmanan ◽  
Subramanian EMG ◽  
Ganesh Jeevanandan ◽  
Mebin George Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
Root Canal Sealers

Utilisation of root canal sealers to perform obturation procedures is an endorsed method in endodontics and has an indispensable role in the success of treatment. The objective of this study was to explore the pediatric dentists’ preference for root canal sealers for obturating permanent teeth. 360 permanent teeth with gutta-percha obturation done by pediatric dentists were analyzed for the study. The variety of root canal sealers that are utilised for obturating the permanent teeth by pediatric dentists were assessed. The data were obtained from a patient management software. Chi-square test was performed. Out of the 360 permanent teeth, 186 teeth were obturated using resin-based sealers, 101 teeth using zinc oxide eugenol-based sealers and 73 teeth were obturated using calcium hydroxide-based sealers, with statistically significant difference between the three materials (P<0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, resin sealers followed by zinc oxide eugenol sealers and calcium hydroxide sealers were more preferred by pediatric dentists for root canal therapy in permanent teeth. 

scholarly journals MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 981-986
Author(s):  
Amira Shafqat ◽  
Bader Munir ◽  
Mustafa Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Treat All

Introduction: It is important for a dental practitioner to have a clear understandingof the root canal morphology and its variations to perform successful root canal treatment.The inability to identify and adequately treat all canals of root canal system may contribute tothe failure of root canal treatment. Objectives: Clinically determine the frequency or numbersof root canals per tooth in the maxillary second molar teeth in the local population. Setting:Department of Operative Dentistry in Punjab Dental Hospital / de`Montmorency College ofDentistry, Lahore. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Study Period: 25th May 2013 to24th November 2013 (6 months). Results: This was a Cross sectional survey of 80 patients withsymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in maxillary second molar teeth in patients undergoing rootcanal treatment. The results showed that five (6.25%) patients had single root canal, seventeen(21.25%) patients had 2 root canals, forty (50%) patients had 3 root canals, seventeen (21.25%)patients had 4 root canals and one (1.25 %) patient had 5 root canals per tooth. In patientwith five canals, single root canal was present in distobuccal and palatal root each while threeroot canals were present in mesiobuccal root as MB-1, MB-2 and MB-3 canal. Conclusion:Local population have a lot of variations in root canal anatomy in second molar. So preclinicalknowledge can increase the success rate of root canal treatment.

scholarly journals Morphologic assessment of mandibular anterior teeth root canal using CBCT

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sina Haghanifar ◽  
Ehsan Moudi ◽  
Ali Bijani ◽  
Mohammad Kazemi Ghanbarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Type V

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective</strong>. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and mor- phological characteristics of the roots and root canals in mandibular anterior teeth, using cone beam computed tomography. <strong>Methods and materials. </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 1053 anterior mandibular teeth from 200 CBCT scans were evaluated. The teeth were complete- ly developed and should have had no fillings in the root or crown. The teeth were investigated in terms of the number of roots and root canals, the location of the apical foramen, the distance of the apical foramen to the anatomical apex, root length, crown length, dilacera- tions and the type of canals according to Vertucci’s classification. <strong>Re- sults</strong>. 87.9% of teeth had one root canal and of all of the teeth, three canines (0.3%) were found that had two roots. In 80.3% (n: 848) of cases the foramen apical location was central, then the buccal (9.3%), lingual (3.9%), distal (3.8%), and mesial (2.7%). The type of root ca- nals, according to Vertucci’s classification, with respect to prevalence, included type I (88.2%), type III (8.1%), type II (3.3%), type V (0.3%), and type VI (0.1%), respectively. In terms of the characteristics inves- tigated, bilateral symmetry was observed. Dilaceration was not seen in any of the teeth. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. The root canal morphology of mandibu- lar anterior teeth has great diversity that may differ between different races, and should be considered by all dentists in order to achieve the best dental treatment.</p></div><br clear="all" /><p> </p>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Parameters in Quantifying Root Canal Morphology Change after Instrumentation with the Aid of a Microcomputed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexander Juhasz ◽  
Csaba Hegedus ◽  
Ildiko Marton ◽  
Balazs Benyo ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Canal Morphology ◽  
Curved Root Canals

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of some parameters which characterise the change in morphology in human root canals subjected to ProTaper rotary enlargement with the help of an X-ray microfocus computed tomography (MCT) and to introduce a novel parameter that is effective in quantifying changes in root canal morphology. Ten each straight and curved root canals with mature apices chosen from extracted human upper incisor and canine teeth were scanned with MCT before and after canal shaping using ProTaper rotary instruments in order to facilitate three-dimensional digital reconstruction and quantitative gauging of relevant instrumental parameters and changes therein (surface area and volume). Root canal geometry change and the effectiveness of shaping were quantified with Structure Model Index change (ΔSMI) and surface area change to volume change ratio (ΔSA/ΔV). These two parameters were also tested on simulated canals. Postinstrumentation cross-sectional changes were also analysed, but only on the plastic blocks. Statistical analysis of parameters was carried out to verify the significance of results. Analysis of cross-sectional shape of postinstrumented resin simulated canals showed statistically significant decrease in Form Factor (p<0.05) and statistically significant increase in Eccentricity (p<0.005). ΔSMI did not show significant difference between straight and curved canals. SMI values showed bidirectional change during root enlargement which questions the reliability of this metric in analysing instrumentation. Statistically significant (p<0.005) deviations in ΔSA/ΔV were quantified as 1.92 and 3.22 for straight and curved human canals, respectively. Instrumentation-induced canal geometry change was determined to be more pronounced in curved canals using the novel parameter ΔSA/ΔV. This has been proven as being a statistically accurate and reproducible parameter for quantitative characterisation of root canal geometry change and differentiation of preparational efficacy for both straight and curved root canals.

scholarly journals Status of Endodontic Treatment and the Correlations to the Quality of Root Canal Filling and Coronal Restoration

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Semenoff-Segundo ◽  
Milton C Kuga ◽  
Mateus R Tonetto ◽  
Fabio M Pedro ◽  
ATC Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and quality of root canal treatment in 1,977 digital radiological files. Materials and methods Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis, and the chi-square test was performed with a 5% significance level. Results The mean age of the study population was 34.9 years. The endodontic treatment frequency was 6.14%, significantly higher in premolars. Adequate endodontic treatment was observed in 39.7% of analyzed cases. Molars were significantly more frequent with regard to inadequate filling quality. In 47.6% of cases, the filling's apical limit was classified as adequate, and there was a higher incidence of molars that were inadequate. Restorations were classified as adequate in 79.0% of cases, and molars were responsible for the highest frequency of inadequate restorations. The frequency of teeth with endodontic treatment that showed no periapical changes was 47.7%. There was no significant difference in the presence of periapical change according to gender. An increased presence of periapical change was observed with increasing age. The periapical lesions were observed in 45% of cases and related to inadequate filling quality. The apical limit was considered inadequate and related to periapical changes in 42% of cases. Periapical changes were present in 52% of cases, regardless of the quality of the filling and apical limit. Such changes were present in 42% of cases with adequate coronal restoration. Conclusion It can be concluded that apical periodontitis (AP) is associated with the quality of endodontic treatment. The coronal restoration affects significantly the success rate of endodontic treatment. Clinical significance The quality of the root filling and coronal restoration is closely related to periapical health. How to cite this article Pedro FM, Marques ATC, Pereira TM, Bandeca MC, Lima SNL, Kuga MC, Tonetto MR, Semenoff- Segundo A, Borges AH. Status of Endodontic Treatment and the Correlations to the Quality of Root Canal Filling and Coronal Restoration. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):830-836.

scholarly journals ROOT CANAL TREATMENT;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 739-741
Author(s):  
FAISAL - ◽  
SANA SHAH ◽  
NARESH KUMAR ◽  
Syed Abrar Ali ◽  
Nadia Inayat
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Objective: To determine the frequency of root canal treatment in endodontic department of dental colleges of Karachi. StudyDesign: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of endodontics, Sir Syed Dental College & Hospital, Karachi from1st May 2011 to 31st August 2011. Material and Methods: Of the 400 teeth from 370 individuals (age range 12-50 years) were endodonticallytreated during four months by faculty members and postgraduate residents enrolled in a specialisation programme in department ofEndodontics. All patients were examined clinically and radiographically. For each case, information was collected in specifically designedproforma including location of the affected tooth, age and gender and reasons for endodontic treatment. Results: Of the 400 treated teeth, 225(56.25%) were mandibular and 175 (43.75%) were maxillary teeth. 236 teeth (59.0%) were from females and 164 (41.0%) from males.Significant differences were found between the maxillary and mandibular arch. Molars and premolars required significantly more frequentendodontic treatment than canines and incisors as revealed in fig.1. The most frequently treated tooth was the mandibular right first molar(9.12%) followed by the mandibular left first molar (7.07%). The mandibular first molar was the most common tooth to undergo endodonticprocedure than maxillary first molar. The most frequently diagnosed pathosis was irreversible pulpitis (44%), pulp necrosis (22%), retreatmentendodontic (17%), elective RCTs (10%) traumatic exposures were (7%) as shown in fig. II. Conclusions: Irreversible pulpitis was the mostfrequent cause of root canal treatment followed by pulp necrosis. Teeth of females required more endodontic treatment than males. The mostfrequent root canals were carried out in mandibular molars than maxillary molars.

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