scholarly journals The Negative Cascade Effect – Impact of a Rotated Mandible

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Upright Stance ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Cascade Effect ◽  
The Brain

The human body is a vertical bilaterally balanced entity capable of locomotion on two legs. The entity maintains an upright stance because of an intricately connected musculo skeletal system. This system works in synchrony with a vast number of muscles, tendons and nerves, which holds the bony parts as one unit allowing them to move as joints, thus making it possible for the human body to carry out complex physical tasks. The mandible, is housed right at the top, just below the brain. This is a unique bone having a bilaterally connected joint with similar muscle attachments on either side. Any imbalance in the bilateral symmetrical function of the muscles can trigger of a variety of complex interactions leading to major problems in the entire musculo skeletal system right till the feet. In addition this asymmetry also impacts internal organs unfavourably. This sequence of events has been termed by Smylist® as the negative cascade effect. This article explains how an imbalanced (rotated) mandible can cause a vast variety of problems and issues in the human body.

A Perfect Storm

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Perfect Storm

Having named the storm makers (the twin principles of Dualism and Essentialism) and described their distractive potential, Chapter 8 moves to track the two forces in action in a laboratory setting. The first set of experiments tests the effects of Dualism, showing that people do, in fact, believe that traits that are considered “ideas” must be immaterial. The second examines whether participants believe that immaterial traits cannot be innate, as would be required by Essentialism. Next, we chase the storm itself. As a proof of our forecasting skills, we demonstrate that it is possible to change the storm’s course (people’s intuitions about nativism) by tweaking its ingredients. The antinativist bias can be heightened in a laboratory setting by increasing the perceived distance between mind and body (as in Dualism), and it can be lessened by suggesting that innate biological traits have a material basis in the human body (as in Essentialism). Together, these experiments demonstrate that antinativism is an inevitable byproduct of the clash between these two principles of core knowledge. Having exposed our blindness to what we know, the second part of the book proceeds to explore the implications of this thesis to who we think we are. We consider a vast number of social and personal matters, including our thoughts and feelings, our reasoning about the brain in health and disease, what happens when we die, and our free will.

Behind the stage of a literary text. ‘Custom is despot among men’

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
E. N. Tsimbaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
World War ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fiction Writers

The article analyzes physical and physiological problems caused by fashionable clothing in the mid-18th to early 20th cc. that shaped people’s appearances and lifestyles in the past. Affecting the skeletal system and the functioning of internal organs and brain in particular and causing various illnesses, these problems went largely unrecognized by contemporaries, including writers, but would inevitably surface in literary works as part and parcel of everyday life. Without understanding their role, one may struggle to comprehend not only plot twists and characters’ motivations but also the mentality of the bygone era as portrayed in fiction. Chronologically, the research covers the period from the mid-18th c. to World War I. The author only focuses on so-called respectable society (a very tentative term that covers members of the aristocracy and other classes with comparable lifestyles), since it was this group which drew the most attention from fiction writers of the period. The scholar chose to concentrate on the kind of daily realia of ‘noble society’ that permeate works by Russian, English, French and, to some extent, German authors, considered most prominent in Europe at the time.

Nicotine as therapeutic agent in treatment of mood disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S552-S552
Author(s):  
C. Tsopelas ◽  
N. Petros ◽  
D. Maria ◽  
P. Dimitris ◽  
G.G. Angelica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionThe plant that has as active ingredient nicotine was chewed or smoked for many years from American natives, for its therapeutic properties. Nowadays after the extensive negative attitude towards smoking, the main provider of nicotine, researchers are now pointing out the therapeutic possibilities of nicotine in mood disorders, as a substance that is acting in the acetylcholine receptors in the brain.AimsIn this review we are trying to explore the possibilities of nicotine use as a therapeutic agent.MethodsWe did a detailed research of the main medical databases, and web search engines for relevant studies. We scrutinize them independently, before reaching consensus about appropriateness for inclusion in the study.ResultsDiadermal administration of nicotine has a positive effect in depressive disorder in 3–8 days, an effect that in one study was reversed after cessation of nicotine. Patients with depression and/or healthy subjects show improvement of attention and working memory after diadermal use of nicotine. Research is not conclusive in the sustainability of these positive affects as other researchers emphasize their short effect in mood.ConclusionNicotine presents as part of novel and promising therapeutic agents with complex interactions with other neurotransmitters in the brain. Before condemning nicotine along with smoking we should acknowledge the potential use of nicotine as a therapeutic compound since research shows that some of these positive effects appear not only to smokers after abstinence but also to non-smokers.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Enterovirus Diseases and Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-Josef Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Enterovirus A71 ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Genus Enterovirus

Enterovirus A71 (EV A71) (genus enterovirus, family pircornaviridae) causes benign vesicular lesions on skin (hand, foot and mouth disease, HFMD) and mucous membranes of the mouth (herpangina), and also severe to life-threatening infections of the brain, the heart, and other internal organs. Disease outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region regularly involve thousands of children <5 years resulting in many deaths. Such outbreaks are caused by specific EV genotypes that vary by time and place. While there are various promising and innovative options for treatment in development, none are licensed to date. Immunoglobulins may be beneficial through virus neutralization and modulation of the inflammatory response by the host. In China, 3 different highly efficacious and safe vaccines are commercially available; however, none are licensed outside the country. Roughly half a dozen vaccines are in the development pipeline, with some using innovative approaches and trying to broaden strain coverage.

scholarly journals The concentration of ascorbic acid in the cerebral cortex and internal organs of rats in chronic and acute hyperglycemia

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
I. P. Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Acute Hyperglycemia ◽  
Acute Hypoglycemia ◽  
The Brain

The author hypothesizes a probable causative role of alteration of ascorbic acid concentration in the brain in the development of mental disease in diabetics. In order to verify this hypothesis, ascorbic acid was measured in the brain cortex of rats 21 days after induction of streptozotocin diabetes or 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of glucose in a dose of 5 g/kg. Ascorbic acid level was increased both in diabetes (456+26 yg/g tissue versus 415+37 \vg/g in the control, p<0.01) and in acute hyperglycemia (475+54 \tg/g versus 406+65 \xg/g in the control, p<0.001). This confirmed that changed concentration of ascorbic acid in the brain can promote the development of a mental disease in diabetics. In the liver the concentration of ascorbic acid was decreased in streptozotocin diabetes (by 17%), p<0.001) and increased in acute hypoglycemia (by 24%, p<0.01). The findings permit us to hypothesize that hypoglycemia inhibits the production of ascorbic acid from the liver to the blood in rats and impedes the transport of ascorbic acid through the gut wall into the blood in humans.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughout the human body and brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Chertow ◽  
Sydney Stein ◽  
Sabrina Ramelli ◽  
Alison Grazioli ◽  
Joon-Yong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract COVID-19 is known to cause multi-organ dysfunction1-3 in acute infection, with prolonged symptoms experienced by some patients, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)4-5. However, the burden of infection outside the respiratory tract and time to viral clearance is not well characterized, particularly in the brain3,6-14. We performed complete autopsies on 44 patients with COVID-19 to map and quantify SARS-CoV-2 distribution, replication, and cell-type specificity across the human body, including brain, from acute infection through over seven months following symptom onset. We show that SARS-CoV-2 is widely distributed, even among patients who died with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19, and that virus replication is present in multiple extrapulmonary tissues early in infection. Further, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple anatomic sites, including regions throughout the brain, for up to 230 days following symptom onset. Despite extensive distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the body, we observed a paucity of inflammation or direct viral cytopathology outside of the lungs. Our data prove that SARS-CoV-2 causes systemic infection and can persist in the body for months.

scholarly journals Histological study of the drug PEG-Filstim sub-acute toxicity

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
V. L. Karbovskyy ◽  
I. A. Shevchuk ◽  
O. V. Kurkina ◽  
T. Ye. Makovska
Keyword(s):  
Defect Formation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Reticular Tissue ◽  
The Brain

One of the critical steps in development of safe and efficient drugs during their pre-clinical trials are toxicity studies. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study PEG-Filstim toxic effects on animal internal organs and tissues. Toxicity study of PEG-Filstim was performed in 50 white wild-type rats of both sexes with body weight of 170 to 230 g on daily (28 days) subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. In all groups of animals, after completing the experiment careful pathomorphologic and histological examination was performed. PEG-Filstim has been shown to possess no toxic effects on internal organs of laboratory rats and does not cause specific changes in the heart, kidneys and mucous coat of stomach on daily subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg within 28 days. In the maximum applied dose of 2.0 mg/kg, the studied drug causes pronounced acute splenic hyperplasia, related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leads to functional strain of the liver due to formation of hematopoietic foci in it, as well as impaired integrity of the respiratory epithelium and congestive signs in the lungs, swelling of the brain tissues, abnormalities in the gray matter structure and hyperemia of the brain vessels. These effects were not observed in the animals, to which the drug was administered in the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Administration of PEG-Filstim (in all studied doses) results in increasing the size of the ankle joint in rats, which is related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leading to bone defect formation in the form of perforation with subsequent filling the periosteum with reticular tissue and formation of hematopoietic foci within its boundaries.

scholarly journals Physical Activities and their Characteristics During Pandemic Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martinescu-Bădălan
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Sports Activities

Abstract In this paper we wanted to present some aspects and characteristics observed in the specialized works and from the experience gained in performing physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This period was a complicated one both in terms of physical distancing and emotionally. We no longer had the right to leave our houses, except to get what was strictly necessary, not to meet with family members or friends, cultural and sports activities were suspended, and all this caused an increasingly visible state of sedentary lifestyle. All the restrictions of this period had a negative effect mainly on the brain and the dynamics of the human body, and they are detailed in the following pages.

scholarly journals Product innovation design and its method: From the perspective of embodiment cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 04057
Author(s):  
Shengfang Peng ◽  
Baoying Peng ◽  
Xiaoxuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Body Complex ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, embodied cognition has become a new approach in the field of cognitive psychology. The shift in cognitive psychology from a focus on the brain to a focus on the human body，just as from the disembodied cognition to the embodied cognition is valuable for many fields related to cognitive science including product design and its method. With Gibson’s theory of affordances, embodied cognition is a perfect explanation of today’s products guided by the idea of intuitive design and its logic. On the premise of embodied cognition, it is the “Mind-Body complex” that serves as the subject of behavior and interaction, the basis of “natural interaction” in Intelligent age, and the foundation for building a more complete theory of “user experience”. Based on the embodied cognitive, the method of design and its research should put more emphasis on specific tools.

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