scholarly journals INDONESIA’S DEFENSE DIPLOMACY IN JOINT PRODUCTION OF HARIMAU MEDIUM TANK BETWEEN INDONESIA-TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Sereffina Yohanna Elisabeth ◽  
Sutrimo Sumarlan ◽  
Triyoga Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Jones Hutauruk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Business To Business

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Indonesia-Turkey defense diplomacy which aims to achieve self-sufficiency in defense equipment has resulted in the joint production of a medium tank called the Harimau or Kaplan. Each country requires a medium tank because this type of tank can operate in various geographical conditions found in Indonesia and Turkey. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that contribute to the realization of joint production of tanks through the implementation of defense diplomacy strategies. Data were obtained through interviews with former Indonesian defense ministers for the period 2009-2014 as well as from the defense industry. In addition, secondary data was obtained from search results of official documents, official websites, and journals. Then the results of the interviews were analyzed descriptively. From this research, the factors that influence the cooperation between Indonesia and Turkey are obtained, namely the principle of equality, the principle of mutual trust and need, and the principle of business. In addition, Indonesia's defense diplomacy strategy is in the alignment of domestic and foreign defense policies, assessments, and maximizing the concepts of Government to Government (G to G) and Business to Business (B to B).</p></div>

A Novel Approach of Study of Universal E-Contract Framework for Ecommerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Tripathy ◽  
Jibitesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Internet Commerce ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Electronic Contracts ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Generalized Framework ◽  
The Right ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Standard Framework

This article describes how along with the growth of internet technologies, e-commerce activities are growing exponentially. Electronics contracting is a major part of the e-commerce activity. Contracts between the exchanging sides have been adopted as a solution that guarantees the right of participants and increases mutual trust. Electronic contracts (e-contract) or Trading Partner Agreements (TPA) can be between the stakeholders involved, including the payment authority, buyer and seller. Since 1998, Open Buying on the Internet (OBI) protocols are used for business to business (B2B) internet commerce. XML based frameworks such as BizTalk, commerce XML, eXML, eCo frameworks are increasingly being used to bridge the gap between the buyer and seller. Multiple e-commerce standards need to be integrated in order to have a standard framework. In this article, the authors have studied different frameworks and propose a universal generalized framework for e–contract for e-commerce like B2B, B2C & C2C into consideration.

Structuration Theory

2002 ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Pavlou ◽  
Ann Majchrzak
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Electronic Market ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Process Outcomes ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business To Business

This chapter argues that the three most commonly used perspectives in conducting research on business-to-business (B2B) eCommerce-transaction cost economics, electronic market hypothesis, and network analysis-have inadequately explained the unfolding nature of how B2B intermediaries are being employed in industry today. We argue that these perspectives are insufficient because they assume that technology is deterministic and thus not worthy of critical analysis. This chapter proposes structuration theory as an alternative perspective, which differs from the traditional perspectives in several ways: a) structuration theory examines the impact of B2B intermediaries not just on economic indicators of business success but on such process outcomes as mutual trust, coordination, innovation, and utilization of shared knowledge; b) it examines not just technology, but the alignment between technology, the interorganizational structure, and the nature of the task (e.g., basic procurement vs. collaboration); and c) it recognizes that no technology is simply installed, but rather brought into an organization through a series of adaptations that affect both the technology and the organization over time.

A Generalized Framework for E-Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Tripathy ◽  
Jibitesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Internet Commerce ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Electronic Contract ◽  
Generalized Framework ◽  
It Applications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Standard Framework

With the growth of internet technologies, e-commerce activities are growing exponentially. It is being used in different IT applications. Electronics contracting is a major part of the e-commerce activity. Contract between the exchanging sides have been adopted as a solution that guarantees the right of participants and increases mutual trust. Electronic contract (e-contract) or Trading Partner agreement (TPA) can be done between the stakeholders involved including the payment authority, buyer & seller. Since the year 1998, open buying on the internet (OBI) protocol is being used for business to business(B2B) internet commerce. XML based frameworks such as BizTalk, commerce XML, eXML, eCo frameworks are increasingly being used to bridge the gap between the buyer and seller. Multiple e-commerce standards need to be integrated in order to have a standard framework. In this paper, the authors have proposed a generalized framework for e–contract considering the domain of e-commerce like B2B, B2C & C2C into consideration.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Financial Performance of the Puncak Jaya Regency Government

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 709-721
Author(s):  
Yubelina Enumbi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Self Sufficiency

This research aimed to figure out the financial performance of the Puncak Jaya Regency Government in the period of 2014–2018. This research is both quantitative and qualitative. Primary data were collected from interviews, while secondary data were from literature and the 2014–2018 budget realization reports of the Puncak Jaya Regency Government. The data analysis techniques used consisted of analyses of the decentralization ratio, local financial self-sufficiency ratio, locally generated revenue effectiveness ratio, and local financial efficiency ratio. The research results show that the fiscal decentralization ratio was meager and that the locally generated revenue had a deficient ability to fund local development. The self-sufficiency ratio was still below the local financial standard due to the Puncak Jaya Regency Government's inability to improve its locally-generated revenue. According to the effectiveness ratio, the overall targeted and realized locally generated revenues were declared ineffective. Nevertheless, the locally generated revenue was found efficient, in which case the Puncak Jaya Regency Government managed its expenditure according to the revenue available.

scholarly journals Empreendedorismo e Inovação: Análise dos Índices de Inovação dos Empreendimentos Brasileiros com base nos Relatórios do GEM de 2006, 2007 e 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-423
Author(s):  
Márcia Meira Berti Fiorin ◽  
Cristiane Marques de Mello ◽  
Hilka Vier Machado
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Means Of Production

Entrepreneurship is understood as a process which makes something creative and innovative, aiming to generate wealth and value for individuals and for society (FILION, 2004; SHANE; VENKATARAMAN, 2000; BRUYAT; JULIEN, 2000. Entrepreneurship involves recognizing the opportunity to create something new, but the recognition of an opportunity to develop a new market, using a new raw material or develop a new means of production (SCHUMPETER, 1982; BARON; SHANE, 2007). This study aims to describe and analyze aspects related to innovation of enterprises based on the Brazilian research developed by the GEM - Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The data used for the development of the study are secondary data and were published in those reports for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. The search results classify Brazil among the countries most entrepreneurs, however, such studies have shown that the country has low rates when it comes to innovation in business. Thus, the study includes some notes regarding the possible reasons leading to low rates of innovation in Brazilian companies.

scholarly journals Membangun Kemandirian Ekonomi Desa melalui Peningkatan Daya Saing Potensi Kekayaan Alam Perdesaan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Lina Krisnawati ◽  
Adi Susanto ◽  
Sutarmin Sutarmin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Collection Methods

<em>As many as 83% of Indonesia's territory is rural. Each region has natural resource potential. However, it is still rarely managed properly. If managed properly, it has the potential to create economic independence from each of these villages. Currently, Indonesia has a total of 70,611 villages. Of the total villages, 49.9% or 32,379 of them are underdeveloped villages. In Central Java, currently there are 40.5% of disadvantaged villages or 3,467 villages out of 8,564 villages. Village empowerment provides great benefits for the welfare of the lives of rural communities. The concept of OVOP (one village one product) is one of the concepts or models of village self- sufficiency. Research is needed to explore the potential of a village and how its development planning strategy. In the process of development, villages are empowered to be economically independent and their people's welfare will increase significantly. The study aims to identify resources, strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat factors, analyze the position of competitiveness, and formulate strategies to realize the Sunyalangu as an economically self-sufficient village. Data collection methods in this study used Secondary Data Review (SDR), Direct Observation, Semi-Structured Interview (SSI), and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), while the sample of the informants in this study were determined purposively by certain criteria or guidelines.</em>

scholarly journals Regional Self-Sufficiency in Food Production – The New England States

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Bahn ◽  
Robert L. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Self Sufficiency

New England's dependence upon other regions for much of its food supply has become a cause for concern for farmers, consumers, and public officials. As the debate on the region's need and ability to become more self-sufficient in food production continues, the need for an estimate of current levels of self-sufficiency becomes obvious.This paper estimates New England's level of self-sufficiency for 1975 using secondary data for population, retail expenditures and farm marketing receipts. The region was found to be about 38 percent self-sufficient in overall food production. It produces a high of 176 percent of its seafood requirements and a low of 3 percent of its red meat. Maine and Vermont are surplus food producers.

scholarly journals The Complexity of Relationships within Business and the Importance of Common Ground

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Anna Ābeltiņa ◽  
Ketevan Rizhamadze
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Business Context ◽  
The People ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Business To Business

In today’s rapidly evolving digital and social media dominated world, traditional marketing approaches are becoming obsolete. Companies are trying to alter the workplace into a vibrant one that enhances the talent of the people and to manage complex relationships inside and outside the organization. The following paper illustrates the complexity of relationships that companies have to handle. It is argued that the embeddedness of relationships plays a crucial role, notably in the business-to-business (B2B) relationship and that finding common ground is pivotal. The nature of the research methodology adopted for this study is primarily quantitative. All analyses are based on secondary data obtained through books, articles, and publications. The findings of the research indicate that the B2B relationship is a complex and multi-layered subject. Furthermore, for conflict resolution, taking into consideration the cultural differences in the decision-making process is fundamental. The presented study is exploratory in nature and therefore cannot be generalized for the general public. The findings are important for managers and entrepreneurs who need to be aware of the complexity of the business-to-business context. Although the nature of the study is exploratory, the study is original because it highlights some vital aspects upon which managers can reflect and dwell on.

scholarly journals The Effect of Import Tariff Policy on Indonesian Soybean Consumption and Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Irada Sinta, Hasnah, Dwi Yuzaria
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tariff Policy ◽  
Import Tariff ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Soybean Price

This study aims to determine the factors affecting consumption and production ofnational soybean and the effect of soybean import tariff on domestic soybeanconsumption and production. This research was conducted in March - April 2017.The data used in this study is a secondary data in form of annual with a time seriesof 30 years ranged from 1986-2015. The result shows that the import quantity ofsoybean is affected by the variable of exchange rate; soybean consumption andimport tariff. The price of imported soybean and exchange rate significantly affectdomestic soybean price. While domestic soybean price and population significantlyinfluence soybean consumption where a soybean productivity is highly responsiveto wage rates. The simulation result shows that the quantity of imported soybean andsoybean consumption increase with the tariff exemption (T = 0%) compared tocondition when it is applied. Whereas, the domestic soybean price decreases at theexemption of tariffs compared to a condition when it is applied. Our study revealsthat the application of tariffs had no effect on soybean production and productivity.The result of forecasting without alternative tariff imports, which has been analysedduring the next 7 years, shows that in the next few years, Indonesia will not be ableto achieve the self-sufficiency of soybeans.

scholarly journals Potential Development of Bali Cattle in Muna Regency in Efforts to Support National Meat Self-Sufficiency

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amrullah Pagala ◽  
Deki Zulkarnain ◽  
Prof Hidayat ◽  
La Ode Munadi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Bali Cattle

Bali Cattle is one of the native Indonesian cows with high environmental adaptation. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for the development of Bali cattle in the Muna District. The study was conducted from September to November 2019. A total of 150 farmers were interviewed as primary data. Secondary data were collected from the District, village, and related government offices. In this study, using LQ, Capacity, and SWOT Analysis. The results showed that seven sub-districts had the potential to develop Bali cattle and five sub-districts with forage production that could meet the consumption needs of Bali cattle, and the SWOT analysis showed a positive trend in the development of the Bali cattle sector.

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