scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF CONSCRIPT SERVICE ON THE RECRUITMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS IN ESTONIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Tiia-Triin Truusa ◽  
Kairi Kasearu ◽  
Liina-Mai Tooding
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Selection Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Intention To Continue

Povzetek Estonske obrambne sile so urejene po načelu rezervnih sil, zato je v Estoniji v veljavi obvezno služenje vojaškega roka. V tem članku preučujemo, kako sistem obveznega služenja vojaškega roka vpliva na proces pridobivanja kadra v estonskih obrambnih silah (EOS). S pomočjo podatkov iz ankete, izvedene med estonskimi naborniki, bomo preučili individualne in strukturne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na to, koliko so EOS zanimive kot delodajalec med naborniki. Testirali smo dve predpostavki, ki temeljita na teoriji. (1) Ob upoštevanju pristopa družbenega učenja predpostavljamo, da pozitivne in negativne izkušnje v času obveznega služenja vojaškega roka lahko vplivajo na namero posameznika, da se zaposli kot poklicni pripadnik. (2) Na podlagi predpostavke o izbiri predvidevamo, da bodo tisti, ki so imeli pred vpoklicem pozitivne izkušnje z vojaškim načinom življenja, sprejeli obvezno služenje vojaškega roka v bolj pozitivni luči in jim bodo obrambne sile kot delodajalec zato še bolj zanimive. Rezultati kažejo, da je predpostavka o izbiri bolj podprta. To pomeni, da se pozitiven odnos do obrambnih sil in namen, da se posameznik tam zaposli, ne oblikujeta med služenjem vojaškega roka, temveč na to bolj vplivajo izkušnje pred vpoklicem ter sodelovanje v prostovoljnih organizacijah, povezanih z vojsko ali nacionalno varnostjo. Lahko bi rekli, da se odnos, ki ga je nabornik razvil pred obveznim služenjem, s služenjem vojaškega roka še bolj utrdi. Ključne besede: obvezno služenje vojaškega roka, naborništvo, pridobivanje kadra, obrambne sile, Estonija. Abstract The Estonian Defence Forces have been structured according to the principle of reserve force, and therefore Estonia uses compulsory conscription. In this paper, we will explore how the compulsory military service system influences the recruitment process into the Estonian Defence Forces (EDF). More precisely, we will study the individual and structural factors that determine the perceived attractiveness of the EDF as an employer among conscripts by using data from the Estonian Conscript Survey. We are testing two theory-driven assumptions: (1) following the social learning approach, we assume that positive and negative experiences during the conscription period may have an influence on the intention to continue as a professional in the military; (2) based on the selection hypothesis, we assume that those who have had positive experiences with the military way of life before being drafted will perceive compulsory military service in a more positive light, and therefore the attractiveness of the Defence Forces as an employer may even increase. The results show that the selection hypothesis has stronger support. It means that positive attitudes and the intention to join the defence forces are not formed during the service, but rather pre-conscription experience and involvement in voluntary organizations related to the military or interior security have a bigger influence. The service could be seen as affirming the attitudes that the conscript had already developed prior to conscript service. Key words: conscription, recruitment, defence forces, Estonia

The Perpetuation of Gender Norms and White Hegemonic Patriarchy in the South African Defence Force as Represented in André van der Merwe’s Moffie (2006)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Nolen Fortuin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Novel ◽  
White Family ◽  
White Children ◽  
White Masculinity ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
The Military

With the institution of compulsory military service in South Africa in 1948 the National Party government effected a tool well shaped for the construction of hegemonic masculinities. Through this, and other structures like schools and families, white children were shaped into submissive abiding citizens. Due to the brutal nature of a militarised society, gender roles become strictly defined and perpetuated. As such, white men’s time served on the border also “toughened” them up and shaped them into hegemonic copies of each other, ready to enforce patriarchal and racist ideologies. In this article, I look at how the novel Moffie by André Carl van der Merwe (2006) illustrates hegemonic white masculinity in South Africa and how it has long been strictly regulated to perpetuate the well-being of the white family as representative of the capitalist state. I discuss the novel by looking at the ways in which the narrator is marked by service in the military, which functions as a socialising agent, but as importantly by the looming threat of the application of the term “moffie” to himself, by self or others.  

scholarly journals From civilian service to military service: what led policy-makers to remove nursing care from field units of the Israeli defense force (IDF) and return it later?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Segev
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Military Nurses ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
Israeli Defense Force ◽  
Health Demands ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background From the very onset, Israeli military nurses served in supporting positions on the front lines, shoulder to shoulder with men. When the IDF was established in 1948, nurses were sent to serve near areas of conflict and were not included in compulsory military service in field units. Once the military hospitals were closed in 1949, nursing in the Medical Corps lost a clear military purpose, and its main contribution was in the civilian arena. From 1949 until 2000, most recruited military nurses operated their mandatory service mainly in a civilian framework according to the integration agreement between the ministry of defense to the ministry of health. Between 2000 to 2018, military nurses served at home front military clinics and in headquarters jobs at the Medicine Corps. In2018, the Medical Corps decided to integrate military nurses into the Israeli military service in order to cope with the shortage of military physicians, among other things, and ensure appropriate availability of medical and health services for military units.. This study examines, for the first time, the considerations that led to the closure of military hospitals and the transfer of the military service of nurses in the IDF to the Ministry of Health in 1949 and the decision in 2018 to return the military nurses to the field’s military battalions. Methods The study was based on an analysis of documents from the IDF archives, the Israeli parliament archive, the David Ben-Gurion archive, articles from periodical newspapers, and interviews with nurses and partners in the Israeli Medical Corps. Results During almost 70 years, Israeli military nursing’s main contribution was to the civilian hospitals. The return of nursing care to the IDF field units in recent years intended to supplement the medicine corps demands in field units by placing qualified academic nurses. Conclusions The removal of nursing care from the IDF field units was provided as a response to the needs of the health demands of the emerging state. Until 2018 there was no significant need for military nurses except in emergency time. This is in contrast to other military nursing units.

Changing Uniforms

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Stanley Shernock
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
New England ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Military Background ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Most academic attention regarding military influence on policing has focused on critiques of the military model of policing and police militarization and has neglected to examine the relationship between the two institutions and the transferability of attributes and skills from the military to police. Military service itself, when examined, has been treated as an undifferentiated concept that has not distinguished the effects of organizational structure, leadership, and myriad roles and experiences on policing. This study, using data from a survey of law enforcement officers throughout a New England state, compares and analyzes how law enforcement officers and supervisors with and without military background and with and without deployment experience differ in their perspectives regarding both the positive as well as negative aspects of combat deployment on policing. As such, it has significant implications for both the reintegration and recruitment of combat-deployed veterans into police organizations.

scholarly journals Influence of military identity on social adaptation of Ukrainian veterans

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Е. V. Bataeva ◽  
◽  
A. B. Artemenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Social Adaptability ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military

The article examines the influence of different forms of the military identity of veterans on the degree of their social adaptation. We define “military identity” as a result of the social identity of a service(wo)man with the military due to the internalization of values and norms adopted in the military sphere. A “veteran” is a service(wo)man who served in the army, participated in combat operations, and was demobilized in connection with the end of the term of service or for health reasons, regardless of the types of military forces and military service. We have used a sociological method of measuring the stable, situational, and unformed types of veterans’ military identity based on the following criteria: social identification, the strength of connection with the army, biographical importance of military service, perception of the army as a family, recognition of the individual in the army, existential assessment of military service, the importance of military practices after demobilization, social contacts with former service(wo)men, the positive assessment of the military culture of obedience/discipline. We have studied the influence of the following factors – duration of staying in the combat zone, conscription age, motivation to join the army, marital status, and traumatic combat experience – on the formation of military identity. According to the quota sample, the results of the study “Military identity and social adaptation of Ukrainian veterans” are presented; 400 veterans (n = 400) were interviewed according to the quota sample. We found out that veterans with a stable military identity mainly had a low level of social adaptability to the civilian life; veterans with a situational form of military identity mostly had a medium level of social adaptability; veterans with an unformed type of military identity were the most adapted to the civilian life.

Does the Military Make the (Wo)man? An Examination of Gender Differences Among Incarcerated Veterans

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (14) ◽  
pp. 1925-1948
Author(s):  
Erika J. Brooke ◽  
Jennifer H. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
The Military ◽  
Type Of Behavior ◽  
Gender Specific

Drawing upon prior research that has examined participation in the military and criminal justice outcomes, the current study investigates whether service history elements are associated with arrest frequencies, types of criminal behavior, and if certain service components influenced these outcomes in a similar or different manner for male and female veteran inmates. Using data from a nationally representative sample of inmates incarcerated in state prisons, results indicated that various attributes of military service and veteran gender were directly related to lifetime arrests and offense types. Gender disparities also emerged across military experiences depending on the type of behavior examined. The findings lend support for a multifaceted approach to understand and implement gender-specific programming in meeting the needs of justice-involved veterans.

The Prognosis of Psychiatric Disorders in Young Norwegian Men

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (567) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Sund
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
The Military

The aim of this social-psychiatric and personal follow-up examination has been to illustrate the long-term prognosis of Norwegian youth suffering from psychiatric disorders which initially presented during peacetime compulsory military service. The follow-up examinations were conducted personally, and a control group of presumed healthy men was also followed. Sund (1968, 1970) has made a systematic comparison between the patient group and the control group concerning prognosis. Here, therefore, the main emphasis will be on a comparison of the courses followed by clinically different diagnostic sub-group. Eitinger (1950) showed the necessity of undertaking personal follow-up examinations in order to map out the prognosis for this kind of patient. Prognostic studies outside Scandinavia have been reported by Ginzberg et al. (1959), by Glass et al. (1956) and by Plag and Arthur (1965). However, the periods of observation in these studies have been short; moreover, adjustment to the military system was the objective, and the cases were not personally examined in a follow-up. It has been difficult to find prognostic studies with sufficiently long observation periods and with personal follow-up to serve as an adequate basis of comparison with our material. To a large extent, therefore, we have chosen to see the development of our patients in relation to our knowledge of psychiatric reactions in the rest of the population.

scholarly journals Promotion of the Military Profession, Recruitment and Selection of Candidates. Conceptual Delimitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici ◽  
Adina Eleonora Spînu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Voluntary Service ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
Military Profession ◽  
The One ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Military ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Romania’s security interests and objectives, the army missions in the current geopolitical context and Romania’s obligations as a member of NATO have imposed the continuation of the process of quantitative and qualitative restructuring of the human resources and determined the decision to renounce compulsory military service in favor of the one based on volunteering, starting with the first of January of 2007. The transition from the army based on compulsory military service to the one based on voluntary service imposed the repositioning of the military profession on the Romanian labor market, especially in relation to the competition represented by other similar institutions.

Documents from the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic on Establishing a Military Commissariats Network within the Territory of Udmurtia

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Ashihmin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Military

Drawing on materials from the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic, the article studies the establishing and functioning of the military commissariats network in the first years of the Soviet power. The outspread of the Civil War and the Allied Intervention therein necessitated calling up citizens, primarily workers and peasants, for compulsory military service. The establishment of the commissariats for military affairs marked the beginning of accounting of able-bodied males and their conscription into the armed forces. Volost, uezd, and gubernia commissariats for military affairs were organized by volost, uezd, and gubernia Soviets of workers', soldiers' and peasants' deputies; commissars and military leaders of volost, uezd, and gubernia commissariats were appointed by volost, uezd, and gubernia Soviets respectively and by the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs. Studying activities of local military authorities is of great importance, as it allows to see beyond central authorities actions, to understand how their decisions were implemented at the local level. Consequently, this allows to evidentiate the process of the Soviet armed forces creation in all its multiformity and complexity. On the territory of Udmurtia, armed hostilities continued from August 1918 to late June 1919, and newly formed military commissariats had to perform many tasks, both peaceful and military. First and foremost, they had to account of and mobilize officers and soldiers returning from the fronts of First World War. Much effort was required to drill recruits who had no military training. The military commissariats were also to prevent the widely spreading desertion. These functions were performed under difficult circumstances of rapidly shifting front lines, as areas and towns of the Vyatka gubernia repeatedly passed from the Reds to the Whites and back again.

Negotiating the Uniform: Youth Attitudes towards Military Service in Israel

Young ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-320
Author(s):  
Yaron Girsh
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
School Students ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Youth Attitudes ◽  
The Military

Military service is one of the key milestones in Jewish Israelis’ transition to adulthood. Given the dominant role of the military in Israeli society, an understanding of young adults’ attitude towards the importance of the military and the nature of their service is needed. Based on 44 group interviews with 132 Jewish Israeli high school students, the study follows the differential attitude of youths towards compulsory military service, along socioeconomic lines. It concludes that (a) despite changes in Israeli society, young people still consider soldiers as the ultimate models of heroism, and view military service as a necessary component of normative citizenship and (b) they negotiate the nature and content of their military service based on its expected contribution to future mobility opportunities. The findings indicate that within the shared cultural script of the military’s importance, alternative paths play out without directly challenging the dominant consensus within Israeli society.

Psychiatry in Military Society — II

1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
David Mandelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Significant Reversal ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military

The manner in which this concept emerges and is used, depends on the men who are propounding it. In the discussion in Part I of this article we have noted how the military setting can affect psychiatric concepts and methods: we may now ask what the military environment does to the psychiatrist. To some, of course, it does nothing. They perform their period of military service and resume civilian activities very much as though they had never been in uniform, or stay in the service without shifting orientation a bit. But to other psychiatrists it has been a revealing experience that has influenced their thinking about their profession and its practice. One major shift in their orientation is well stated by Dr. Alan Gregg, "They came to see that the maintenance of morale and discipline demands that the group be defended against the deflection and the selfishness of the individual. This was an extremely significant reversal of the usual solicitudes." (Gregg 1947: 218.)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document