scholarly journals Agency and Structure Revisited with Youth Responses to Gendered (Spatial) Mobilities in the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Şahizer Samuk Carignani ◽  
Tabea Schlimbach ◽  
Emilia Kmiotek-Meier ◽  
Celia Diaz ◽  
Laura Diaz Chorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Agency And Structure ◽  
The Eu

Young people involved in geographical mobility face diverse gendered mobility settings and gender inequalities. How do the youth involved in diverse mobility types deal with adverse circumstances caused by gender beliefs and gender prejudices? To answer this question, problem-centred interviews with young people (18-29) are analysed using Grounded Theory. These young people are European citizens and they are involved in five mobility types: higher education, employment, voluntary work, vocational education & training, and entrepreneurship. We apply Emirbayer and Mische’s (1998) categories (iterational, projective and practical-evaluative) to the analysis of gendered mobility narratives as unequal gender perceptions reveal themselves in the context of different types of youth mobility. The analysis allows to see the ways young people reflect on their actions: refusal of gender beliefs, acceptance or rejection of gendered prejudices, individual vs. collective solutions, demand for equality in numbers, comparison of gendered workplaces and assumption of leadership in initiating mobility. At the same time, we observe how geographical mobilities can increase the critical sensibility of youth towards gender inequalities, contributing to new conceptualisation of agentic responses to structural constraints.

Dangerous Aliens, Crisis Constellations, and Information Gaps

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-131
Author(s):  
Nick Vaughan-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Media Representations ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Crisis Narratives ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In ◽  
Information Gaps

Chapter 4 shifts the analytical focus from elite claims made in the name of ‘the people’ to EU citizens’ vernacular knowledge of migration. Particular emphasis is given to the vernacular knowledge and categories used by citizens to discuss the issue of migration as it is perceived to impact and disrupt their everyday lives, the underpinning assumptions about hierarchies of race and gender used to position citizens in relation to perceptions about different ‘types’ of people on the move, and citizens’ awareness of/support for dominant governmental and media representations of the issue of migration in Europe. As well as offering a map of these contours, the discussion identifies three overriding themes. First, vernacular conversations problematize the notion of a linear transmission between elite crisis narratives and their reception among diverse publics. Second, the claim that elite narratives merely ventriloquize what ‘the people’ think about and want in regard to about migration is challenged by the complexity and nuance of vernacular narratives. Third, EU citizens repeatedly spoke of what they perceived to be a series of ‘information gaps’, which led to a widespread distrust of mainstream politicians and media sources, anxieties about their individual and collective futures, and demands for more detailed, higher quality, and accessible knowledge about migration from the EU, national governments, media sources, and academics. By taking vernacular views and experiences of migration seriously we can better understand how the propagation of misinformation, confusion, and uncertainty among EU citizens set the scene for populist notions of ‘taking back control’ to thrive.

scholarly journals Discrimination and Violence Due to Diversity of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Explanatory Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3638
Author(s):  
Fernández-Antelo Inmaculada ◽  
Cuadrado-Gordillo Isabel
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Predictive Indicators

Knowledge of the processes of aggression and victimization in couple relationships cannot be approached through the treatment of single variables. It needs a multidimensional perspective that establishes a web of relationships between variables of different types. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to explore the interrelationships between and interdependence of empathy, moral disengagement, homophobic attitudes, and prejudice as explanatory variables of discrimination and violence towards couples due to gender issues; and (ii) to delimit predictive indicators of the manifestation of aggressive attitudes and prejudices towards homosexual couples. The sample comprised 778 young people of ages 18 to 24 years (M = 19.9; SD = 1.6). Through the use of four instruments, it was found that empathy is a strong protector against homophobic attitudes, while moral disengagement is a predictor of aggressive attitudes towards same-sex couples. The results make it possible to delimit homophobic profiles and obtain predictive indicators that will be key elements in the design of programs and measures to prevent violence towards couples for reasons of gender.

Status, Age, and Gender: Perceptions of Old and Young People

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Graham ◽  
Paul M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Stratification

ABSTRACTSeveral writers have suggested that there is an inverted U-curve of status or prestige across the lifespan in Western society. The old and the young are apparently accorded less status than persons in midlife, and women are seen as having less status than men.In this study of 198 older individuals (mean age 67), the same inverted U-curve was found, but gender differences were very small. Much less extreme status ratings were given by this older sample than by the earlier samples of young adults. Also, status ratings were again mostly unaffected by respondents' characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, or social class. Older adults, therefore, seem to accept the broad cultural views of age stratification, but are slightly more egalitarian than the young.

Compatibility of the goals of the EU Youth Strategy for 2019–2027 with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for 2015–2030 in the context of the sphere of social influence on society and youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
O. Bakhanov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The article considers the processes of effective modernization of society and development of youth policy, in the context of increasing sustainability in the framework of achieving 11 EU youth goals of the EU Youth Strategy for 2019–2027 and 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (CSDs). The comparison takes place in the context of the interaction of youth and society in Europe to meet the needs and problems of young people, overcoming socio-economic and democratic isolation. The EU Youth Strategy for 2019–2027 aims to improve cooperation between policy areas, in particular through the EU Youth Coordinator; giving young people the right to vote in EU policy-making; control of EU spending on youth; launching a new and more inclusive youth dialogue in the EU; promoting volunteer mobility and unity; implementation of a program for young people to promote the recognition of non-formal learning; strengthening the link between EU youth policy and relevant EU programs. The analysis of compliance of the goals of sustainable development and youth goals of the EU is carried out. The goals are united in the following social spheres of influence on society and youth. At the micro level, the following four spheres are distinguished: health, decent work, quality education, protection of rights and gender equality. The following areas are identified at the meso level: "Sustainable Partnership, Support and Participation of Youth" and "Peace and Justice". At the macro level, the following two areas can be identified: "Ecosystem Conservation" and "Innovation, Infrastructure". Achieving goals in these areas, young people influence the preservation of the world, create a future for themselves and also feel part of a sustainable, high-quality ecosystem. Innovation, quality infrastructure, meeting the needs of health, education, quality work and protection of rights gives young people confidence and inspires them to new achievements.

scholarly journals “Our World Is Shaking Because of Corona”: Intersecting Crises and Disrupted Life Transitions among Young People in Ethiopia and Jordan Pre- and Post-COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Nicola Jones ◽  
Kate Pincock ◽  
Sarah Alheiwidi ◽  
Workneh Yadete
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Related Service ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Transitions

Our article explores how intersecting crises, sociocultural norms around gender, age, household and community and broader political and economic shifts are affecting youth transitions. We draw on qualitative virtual research with 138 young people in Ethiopia and Jordan undertaken between April and August 2020. COVID-19 is exacerbating ongoing crises and gender inequalities in Ethiopia and Jordan and foreclosing opportunities for youth transitions. In Ethiopia, the pandemic has compounded the precarity of young people who have migrated from rural to urban areas, often to locations where they are socially marginalised. In Jordan, the confinement of young people affected by forced displacement to their households with extended family during pandemic-related service closures augments existing perceptions of an extended ‘waithood’—both psychosocially and economically. In both contexts, conservative gender norms further entrench the restrictions on adolescent girls’ mobility with consequences for their opportunities and wellbeing. This article makes an important contribution to the literature on gender, migrant youth and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic by showing how multiple crises have sharpened the social and political (im)mobilities that already shaped young men and women’s lives in Ethiopia and Jordan and the consequences for their trajectories to adulthood.

scholarly journals Cooperative gender beliefs and cost-benefit trade-offs of gender inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Krisztina Deak
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual

<p>Cooperative gender beliefs are characterizations of women, men and heterosexual relationships that focus on positive aspects of traditional traits and roles, and heterosexual interdependency, but ultimately rationalize gender inequality. Approaches to cooperative gender beliefs vary by discipline, resulting in different theories and terminology. Terms such as benevolent sexism, gender-specific-meritocracy, and traditional gender beliefs refer to similar clusters of beliefs that are associated with gender inequalities. By specifying the different types, functions, and levels of cooperative gender beliefs, this thesis provides a systematic study that investigates why people would adopt beliefs that perpetuate harmful gender inequalities. This line of study tests evidence for the perspective that cooperative gender beliefs manage trade-offs between the costs and the benefits of living in societies with unequal gender relations. I conceptualize different types of gender beliefs as cooperative, and investigate the extent to which they are linked with trade-offs involved in inequality at the individual level, such as doing unfair amounts of housework, and the societal level, such as being relatively less impacted by gender inequalities. I present three empirical studies. Study 1 explores different types of cooperative gender beliefs and how they are linked to gendered divisions of labour. Study 2 investigates evidence for an evolutionarily informed theory that cooperative gender beliefs function to increase reproductive benefits by assessing residual change in individuals’ fertility rate over two years; and a socio-structural theory that cooperative gender beliefs arise to justify the inequalities encompassed in heterosexual parenthood. Finally, Study 3 distinguishes cooperative gender beliefs endorsed by individuals vs. cooperative gender beliefs endorsed by societies more broadly to understand how these beliefs palliate feelings of injustice, thereby alleviating the negative effects of inequalities on individuals’ subjective wellbeing. Together these studies advance our understanding of how cooperative gender beliefs justify gender inequalities and thus function to offset some of the harm that inequality causes women.</p>

scholarly journals Cooperative gender beliefs and cost-benefit trade-offs of gender inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Krisztina Deak
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual

<p>Cooperative gender beliefs are characterizations of women, men and heterosexual relationships that focus on positive aspects of traditional traits and roles, and heterosexual interdependency, but ultimately rationalize gender inequality. Approaches to cooperative gender beliefs vary by discipline, resulting in different theories and terminology. Terms such as benevolent sexism, gender-specific-meritocracy, and traditional gender beliefs refer to similar clusters of beliefs that are associated with gender inequalities. By specifying the different types, functions, and levels of cooperative gender beliefs, this thesis provides a systematic study that investigates why people would adopt beliefs that perpetuate harmful gender inequalities. This line of study tests evidence for the perspective that cooperative gender beliefs manage trade-offs between the costs and the benefits of living in societies with unequal gender relations. I conceptualize different types of gender beliefs as cooperative, and investigate the extent to which they are linked with trade-offs involved in inequality at the individual level, such as doing unfair amounts of housework, and the societal level, such as being relatively less impacted by gender inequalities. I present three empirical studies. Study 1 explores different types of cooperative gender beliefs and how they are linked to gendered divisions of labour. Study 2 investigates evidence for an evolutionarily informed theory that cooperative gender beliefs function to increase reproductive benefits by assessing residual change in individuals’ fertility rate over two years; and a socio-structural theory that cooperative gender beliefs arise to justify the inequalities encompassed in heterosexual parenthood. Finally, Study 3 distinguishes cooperative gender beliefs endorsed by individuals vs. cooperative gender beliefs endorsed by societies more broadly to understand how these beliefs palliate feelings of injustice, thereby alleviating the negative effects of inequalities on individuals’ subjective wellbeing. Together these studies advance our understanding of how cooperative gender beliefs justify gender inequalities and thus function to offset some of the harm that inequality causes women.</p>

Competency modeling and gender perceptions in managerial positions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N. Robertson ◽  
Bradley J. Brummel ◽  
Amy Nicole Salvaggio
Keyword(s):  
Competency Modeling ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
And Gender

STUDY OF PARENTS 'ATTITUDES ON FITNESS CHILDREN'S VISITS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2567-2572
Author(s):  
Ivan Nedelchev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Strict Diet ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Training ◽  
The Eu

The European report "Bulgaria - Health Profile for the Country 2017" reflects statistics on the obesity and immobilization of young people in the country. Although adult obesity levels are below the EU average, they have increased by 25% since 2008, with statistics showing that among young people they have risen by two-thirds in the 2005-2006 and 2013- 2014 and have reached 20%. Also, more than half of Bulgarian pupils in 1-12 grades (51%) are extremely immobilized, one of the reasons being rare visits to physical education classes and lack of interest in additional sport outside compulsory schooling. Separately, every third grader in Bulgaria has a problem with extra pounds, although in most cases it is the parents who refuse to accept that their child needs change and help, not to mention a strict diet and encouragement to exercise sports. More than 50% of the children who crossed the classrooms for the first time this year in Bulgaria are already having vertebral distortion. Only 3% of Bulgarian teenagers say they sometimes go to the gym because they want to look good and build up muscle mass.However, a positive aspect is that a higher percentage of girls and boys at 15 years of age in Bulgaria report regular physical activity than in other EU countries, although less than 25% report moderate exercise intensive physical activity on a daily basis.This study aims to analyze, on the basis of an authoritative survey, the opinions and the vision of active training parents as to whether their children should be attending fitness training. The survey was conducted within 2 months through an online survey of 21 questions, with a total of 187 active sporting parents. Questions concern both the sporting aspects, the healthy diet and the overall condition of the child, through the eyes of his/her parents.

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