Issues in Quantitative Analysis and Security Studies Involving Muslims

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Peter S. Henne
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Imperfect Data ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Security Study

There are very serious ethical and pragmatic issues in the quantitative and security study of Muslims. From an ethical perspective, many of these studies denigrate and stereotype Muslims. They also treat them as a problem to be solved, justifying and expanding US power. Pragmatically, it can be hard to collect detailed data on security issues in many Muslim countries, making conventional studies difficult. Yet, standard approaches to these problems are faulty. We cannot abandon positivist analysis, as well-done quantitative studies are actually the best tools we have to push back on negative stereotypes of Muslims. At the same time, we cannot ignore important security topics among Muslim states just because the data we have available is not ideal. Instead, I present a two-pronged approach that can address these issues without ignoring crucial aspects of international relations; scholars should follow best methodological practices to avoid ethical issues, and adopt new standards and novel tools to deal with imperfect data.

Realizm i liberalizm w badaniach nad bezpieczeństwem i polityką bezpieczeństwa państwa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Marzena Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

Security issues have always been one of the main points of interest of all states. Scientifically, this issue can be researched using a wide range of perspectives. Security studies use much from the general theory of international relations. The field uses theoretical paradigms and concrete methods of research. In this article, a wide approach to the issue of security and security policy is presented. In accordance with the theoretical-methodological foundation of realist and liberal theories, this article inquires in what way research concerning the issues of security and security policy of contemporary states can be conducted.

scholarly journals Arctic (in)security and Indigenous peoples: Comparing Inuit in Canada and Sámi in Norway

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfrid Greaves
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Security Issues

While international relations has increasingly begun to recognize the political salience of Indigenous peoples, the related field of security studies has not significantly incorporated Indigenous peoples either theoretically or empirically. This article helps to address this gap by comparing two Arctic Indigenous peoples – Inuit in Canada and Sámi in Norway – as ‘securitizing actors’ within their respective states. It examines how organizations representing Inuit and Sámi each articulate the meaning of security in the circumpolar Arctic region. It finds that Inuit representatives have framed environmental and social challenges as security issues, identifying a conception of Arctic security that emphasizes environmental protection, preservation of cultural identity, and maintenance of Indigenous political autonomy. While there are some similarities between the two, Sámi generally do not employ securitizing language to discuss environmental and social issues, rarely characterizing them as existential issues threatening their survival or wellbeing. Drawing on securitization theory, this article proposes three factors to explain why Inuit have sought to construct serious challenges in the Arctic as security issues while Sámi have not: ecological differences between the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic regions, and resulting differences in experience of environmental change; the relative degree of social inclusion of Inuit and Sámi within their non-Indigenous majority societies; and geography, particularly the proximity of Norway to Russia, which results in a more robust conception of national security that restricts space for alternative, non-state security discourses. This article thus links recent developments in security studies and international relations with key trends in Indigenous politics, environmental change, and the geopolitics of the Arctic region.

A Global Approach towards Teaching Ethics in International Business

2012 ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain G. Rammal
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
Western Perspective

The areas of ethics and social responsibility have increasingly become important in the study of international business and are now covered at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. While the introduction of ethical theories and responsibilities of corporations within the subject matter has helped create awareness of ethical issues faced by managers in the global marketplace, the current body of knowledge focuses mainly on the Western perspective. This chapter extends the ethical perspective to non-Western philosophies and covers the teachings and ideologies of Confucianism, Gandhism and Islam. These philosophies describe the ethical and moral values that help can explain the decision-making behavior of managers in China, India and many Muslim countries. These suggested codes of ethics are relevant for both students and academics, especially in light of the increasing number of acquisitions by firms from emerging economies.

scholarly journals Women and Conflict Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Best
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Conflict Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
National Office ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Attitudes Toward War

Traditionally, women have been viewed as having little agency in wars and conflicts. Women were thought neither to cause the wars nor to fight them. When women were considered at all by scholars of war, they were conceived of primarily as victims. As women gained the franchise and ultimately began to be elected into political office in advanced democracies, some scholars began to consider the foreign policy implications of this—that is, do women’s attitudes toward war and defense policy differ from those of men and do these views produce different outcomes at the ballot box? Furthermore, do women behave differently with regard to security issues once in national office? Does their presence change the way their male colleagues vote on these issues? In recent decades, scholarship emerging first from critical feminist theory and later from positivist political scientists has begun to look more explicitly for women’s roles, experiences, and influences on and in conflict. This work has led to the recognition that, even when victimized in war, women have agency, and to the parallel conclusion that men’s agency is not as complete as scholars, practitioners, and the public have often assumed. This bibliography provides an overview of the development of women and conflict literature as well as several prominent themes and questions within the literature. It is of necessity incomplete and interested scholars are encouraged to review related articles in Oxford Bibliographies in International Relations, such as “Feminist Security Studies” by Kristen P. Williams, and “Women and Peacemaking/Peacekeeping” by Sabrina Karim and Kyle Beardsley.

Feminist Security Theorizing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sjoberg
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Feminist Work

Feminist Security Theorizing is in many ways what it sounds like—thinking about security in the global political arena through gender lenses. Since early work in feminist International Relations (IR), feminists have been exploring research questions about the ways that gender shapes and is shaped by war, conflict, and militarism. The field has developed to be labeled Feminist Security Studies (FSS). Debates about whether FSS is “feminist security” studies or feminist “security studies” have asked about the subfield’s focus—whether it is toward rethinking security in feminist ways or toward the mainstream field of security studies as such. With space in the field for both approaches, feminist security theorizing has looked at revealing the importance of gender in conceptualizing security, demonstrating that gender is key to understanding causes and predicting outcomes, and showing gender as a key part of solving security problems. FSS has several common theoretical commitments and concerns. These include a necessary commitment to intersectionality, a recognition of the importance of theorizing not only about gender but also about sexuality, a consciousness about framing, and an awareness of the politics of sociology of the academic disciplines in which it is situated. It is important to explore the past, present, and potential futures of feminist theorizing about security, concluding with an invitation to expand recognition of feminist work addressing security issues across an even wider variety of perspectives.

A Feminist Call to Be Radical: Linking Women's Health and Planetary Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maria Tanyag
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Food Economy

iwishi couldw riteth epoemi wantor eadina timeo fcrisis {repeat} ineed towriteth epoemi wantor eadina timeo fcrisis {repeat} thisi snotth epoemi needtow riteina timeo fcrisis {repeat} thisi sjustat est ofawri terina timeo fcrisis {repeat} —Teresia Teaiwa (2013) Reflecting on the two previous conversations in Politics & Gender (2015 and 2017) regarding the diverging paths in global political economy and security studies that feminist international relations (IR) scholars have taken, I am reminded of Teresia Teaiwa's poetry, which for me speaks about how crisis gives birth to the radical starting points of our feminist inquiries. We are all undoubtedly on the cusp of ever-intensifying forms of insecurities, and peoples who have least contributed to their creation and hastening are bearing the worst impacts. It is projected that by 2100, the compounded threats that humanity will face as a result of climate change will be in multitudes across five main human systems: health, water, food, economy, infrastructure, and security (Cramer et al. 2018; Mora et al. 2018, 106). The complex consequences of climate change demand an approach that encompasses the interaction effects of different risks and hazards. However, across natural and social sciences so far, the norm has been to focus on specific aspects of human life and to examine hazards–including conflict and violence—in isolation from one another. We then run the risk of misleading ourselves with partial, if not incorrect, assessments of the global processes surrounding climate change. In particular, we are yet to understand the multiscalar dynamics of environmental degradation and extreme weather as they are entangled with other crises such as armed conflicts, health pandemics, economic recessions, and resurgences of authoritarian leadership. Whether feminist or not, we simply cannot afford to think in “camps” instead of “bridges” given the nature of the multiple crises we as humanity are facing. As Anna M. Aganthangelou (2017, 741) points out, “[g]lobal politics are never just ‘economic’ or ‘security’ issues,” so the kind of assumptions we hold and how these inform the questions we raise need to “attend to the highest stake of politics: existence.”

Jordanians Perceptions Regarding E-Government Ethical Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Mai Tarik Al-Sebae ◽  
Emad Ahmed Abu-Shanab
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Future Work

Despite the benefits of e-government and the achieved progress, e-government concepts need some support based on its ethical perspective. The purpose of this paper is to present some important ethical issues that must be considered by e-government stakeholders when adopting such initiative. The objectives of this research aimed at exploring how ethical issues influence citizens' adoption, and the challenges for such issues. An empirical test was conducted utilizing 293 surveys to probe Jordanians perceptions regarding major ethical dimensions of e-government projects. It's concluded that e-government has potential to ensure its progress and success by being ethical. Results indicated also that three dimensions significantly predicted the intention to use e-government services: people with disabilities issues, privacy and security issues, and unemployment issues. The only predictor that failed to predict ITU was the environmental aspect of e-government projects. Conclusions and future work are stated at the end of this work.

From the Colonial to Feminist IR: Feminist IR Studies, the Wider FSS/GPE Research Agenda, and the Questions of Value, Valuation, Security, and Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Agathangelou
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Forms Of Violence

International relations (IR) feminists have significantly impacted the way we analyze the world and power. However, as Cynthia Enloe points out, “there are now signs—worrisome signs—that feminist analysts of international politics might be forgetting what they have shared” and are “making bricks to construct new intellectual barriers. That is not progress” (2015, 436). I agree. The project/process that has led to the separation/specialization of feminist security studies (FSS) and feminist global political economy (FGPE) does not constitute progress but instead ends up embodying forms of violence that erase the materialist bases of our intellectual labor's divisions (Agathangelou 1997), the historical and social constitution of our formations as intellectuals and subjects. This amnesiac approach evades our personal lives and colludes with those forces that allow for the violence that comes with abstraction. These “worrisome signs” should be explained if we are to move FSS and FGPE beyond a “merger” (Allison 2015) that speaks only to some issues and some humans in the global theater.

The Study of International Relations in Great Britain: Further Connections

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene M. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
World War I ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Political Experience

Aside from language, students of international relations in the United States and Great Britain have several things in common: parallel developments in the emergence of international relations as a field of study after World War I, and more recent efforts to broaden the field by drawing security issues and changes in the international political economy under the broad umbrella of “international studies.” But a review of four recent books edited by British scholars demonstrates that there is also a “distance” between British and American scholarship. Compared with dominant trends in the United States, the former, though hardly monolithic and producing a rich and varied literature, is still very much attached to historical analysis and the concept of an “international society” that derives from the period in modern history in which Britain played a more prominent role in international politics. Because trends in scholarship do, in fact, reflect national political experience, the need continues for transnational cooperation among scholars in the quest for strong theories in international relations.

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