scholarly journals Hydropower: Projections in a changing climate and impacts by this "clean" source

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Sebastian Naranjo-Silva ◽  
Javier Álvarez del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Projection Method ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Hydroelectric Development ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Similar Cost

INTRODUCTION: Hydropower is an extensively used renewable source; in 2016, 159 countries reported benefiting; currently, there are around 9,000 projects in operation due to the competitive cost of generating a similar cost such as thermal energy such as coal, oil, or gas in the range of USD 4 - 5 cents US dollars per kilowatt-hour. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the results of hydroelectric development in the face of the changing climate and the generated impacts, making hydropower a subsector of special attention to discussing the global projection. METHOD: Bibliographic review to reflect on the global context of hydroelectricity based on scientific studies. RESULTS: Hydropower projects a 6% decrease for Europe by 2070, from 20% to 50% throughout the Mediterranean, and a reduction in usable capacity in most hydroelectric plants between 61% for the 2040 scenario– 2069 globally. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Globally, hydropower presents a broad vision of the advantages, and little said about the disadvantages and problems, and only there are specific studies that shown various project studied in a general way. It is shown that hydroelectric production has several implications in the face of the changing climate and impacts generated in ecosystems by the deployment of large infrastructures.

4.2 ka BP Megadrought and the Akkadian Collapse

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
First Empire ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Farming Landscapes ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
Standing Army ◽  
Irrigation Agriculture ◽  
Habitat Tracking

The Akkadians, of southern Mesopotamia, created the first empire ca. 2300 BC with the conquest and imperialization of southern irrigation agriculture and northern Mesopotamian dry-farming landscapes. The Akkadian Empire conquered and controlled a territory of roughly 30,000 square kilometers and, importantly, its wealth in labor and cereal crop-yields. The Empire maintained a standing army, weaponry, and a hierarchy of administrators, scribes, surveyors, craft specialists, and transport personnel, sustainable and profitable for about one hundred years. Archaeological excavations indicate the empire was still in the process of expansion when the 2200 BC–1900 BC/4.2–3.9 ka BP global abrupt climate change deflected or weakened the Mediterranean westerlies and the Indian Monsoon and generated synchronous megadrought across the Mediterranean, west Asia, the Indus, and northeast Africa. Dry-farming agriculture domains and their productivity across west Asia were reduced severely, forcing adaptive societal collapses, regional abandonments, habitat-tracking, nomadization, and the collapse of the Akkadian Empire. These adaptive processes extended across the hydrographically varied landscapes of west Asia and thereby provided demographic and societal resilience in the face of the megadrought’s abruptness, magnitude, and duration.

scholarly journals Internationalization at Canadian Universities: Where are we Now?

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Weber
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Domestic Students ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

Internationalization is powerfully impacting the missions, planning documents, and learning environments of Canadian universities. Internationalization within Canadian universities is viewed from a local as well as global context. Accounts of the composition of domestic students studying abroad and international students studying in Canada, and the implications of these statistics, are related. Emphasis is given to a discussion of the contribution that economic factors play in internationalization decisions. Economic factors have undeniably shaped the face of internationalization at Canadian universities. Complexities of the relationship between global context and educational goals are outlined and educators are challenged to responsibly interpret and implement university changes resulting from internationalization while prioritizing the learning needs of students.

scholarly journals FUNDAMENTALISMS, SECURITY CRISIS AND TOLERANCE IN GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE*

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Igboin Benson Ohihon
Keyword(s):  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Face ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Security Questions ◽  
The Way

In recent times, the resurgence of critical security questions has gained prominence in global tabloid, consciousness and discourse. From Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Yemen to Syria; the Nigerian experiences of the Golden Jubilee Independence bombing, for which MEND claimed responsibility, the Boko Haram incendiary that has gravitated into suicide bombing, among others are extant. The causes of these ‘security crises’ can be traced squarely to fundamentalisms: religious fundamentalism or religious nationalism; hegemonic fundamentalism, capitalist fundamentalism, ethnic fundamentalism, existential fundamentalism, ethical fundamentalism, etc. These explain the deepening and proliferation of conflicts in countries around the globe. The response to this state of affairs has been ‘sermon’ on tolerance in the face of aggressive terror. Tolerance may not have been properly conceptualized. The thrust of this paper, therefore, is to stimulate interest in the conceptualization of these terms so that their understanding would pave the way for long lasting solutions. In so doing, the paper will employ historical and philosophical approaches to situate the arguments.

Perceptions of Chinese in Southern Africa: Constructions of the “Other” and the Role of Memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
The Face

Abstract:Increasing numbers of Chinese migrants have arrived in southern Africa over the past two decades. Perceptions of and reactions to the Chinese, however, vary from country to country and within countries. This article, based on several years of field and survey research, examines perceptions of Chinese in South Africa and Lesotho. The author argues that in addition to the global context, national political and economic realities, history, and memory shape local perceptions of China and the Chinese people who now reside in these spaces. States and other political actors play a key role in constructions of foreigners. Competition, whether real or perceived, is also important in shaping negative attitudes toward migrants. However, personal interactions and memories can serve as mitigating factors, even in the face of negative news of China or Chinese activities.

Rebus sic stantibus as a Stabilizing Doctrine in the Climate Crisis

Climate Law ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-244
Author(s):  
Diana Azarnoush Arsanjani Reisman
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Third Party ◽  
International Tribunal ◽  
Bilateral Investment Treaty ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
The Us ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Climate Crisis

Abstract In the face of massive, unanticipated and even disjunctive changes, the balance of the respective interests of the state parties to existing treaties may no longer survive the changed—or changing—climate landscape. While, ideally, the co-contracting states to such treaties could mutually agree to terminate or revise their treaty obligations to accommodate such changes and redress the now imbalance of interests in the treaty, some scenarios are bound to be contentious. In such cases, is there any other procedure that can provide for an orderly and fair adjustment of treaties so as to avert a breakdown of the network of treaties and a destabilization of world order? This article proposes that the rebus sic stantibus doctrine may function as a stabilizing doctrine for maintaining and possibly adjusting treaty regimes in an orderly fashion. Unlike the doctrine of necessity or many explicit treaty carve-outs, such as the security exception of the US Model Bilateral Investment Treaty, the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus may allow for both an objective test and also one that must be pleaded before a third-party arbiter. For this reason, rebus operates within controlled limits. Rebus offers an international tribunal the opportunity to set out a fair termination or revision of a climate-impacted treaty. I trace the evolution of rebus as a stabilizing doctrine and illustrate the potentialities of its application to the climate crisis.

scholarly journals The impact of environmental acidification on the microstructure and mechanical integrity of marine invertebrate skeletons

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Susan Fitzer
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Crystal Deposition ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The Face ◽  
Coastal Acidification ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Ocean acidification (OA), from seawater uptake of anthropogenic CO2, has a suite of negative effects on the ability of marine invertebrates to produce and maintain their skeletons. Increased organism pCO2 causes hypercapnia, an energetically costly physiological stress. OA alters seawater carbonate chemistry, limiting the carbonate available to form the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals used to build skeletons. The reduced saturation state of CaCO3 also causes corrosion of CaCO3 structures. Global change is also accelerating coastal acidification driven by land-run off (e.g. acid soil leachates, tannic acid). Building and maintaining marine biomaterials in the face of changing climate will depend on the balance between calcification and dissolution. Overall, in response to environmental acidification, many calcifiers produce less biomineral and so have smaller body size. Studies of skeleton development in echinoderms and molluscs across life stages show the stunting effect of OA. For corals, linear extension may be maintained, but at the expense of less dense biomineral. Conventional metrics used to quantify growth and calcification need to be augmented by characterisation of the changes to biomineral structure and mechanical integrity caused by environmental acidification. Scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography of corals, tube worms and sea urchins exposed to experimental (laboratory) and natural (vents, coastal run off) acidification show a less dense biomineral with greater porosity and a larger void space. For bivalves, CaCO3 crystal deposition is more chaotic in response to both ocean and coastal acidification. Biomechanics tests reveal that these changes result in weaker, more fragile skeletons, compromising their vital protective roles. Vulnerabilities differ among taxa and depend on acidification level. Climate warming has the potential to ameliorate some of the negative effects of acidification but may also make matters worse. The integrative morphology-ecomechanics approach is key to understanding how marine biominerals will perform in the face of changing climate.

scholarly journals Addressing gender in agricultural research for development in the face of a changing climate: where are we and where should we be going?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kristjanson ◽  
Elizabeth Bryan ◽  
Quinn Bernier ◽  
Jennifer Twyman ◽  
Ruth Meinzen-Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The Face

Planning to Build Resilience into Transportation Assets: Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Rodehorst ◽  
Brenda Dix ◽  
Brad Hurley ◽  
Jake Keller ◽  
Robert Hyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Transportation Assets ◽  
The Face ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Although many state and local transportation agencies recognize the need to make transportation assets more resilient in the face of a changing climate, there have been few methods and best practices they can draw on to determine which assets may be compromised under future conditions and how to evaluate and select adaptation measures. Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) Transportation Engineering Approaches to Climate Resiliency project sought to synthesize lessons learned and innovations from a variety of recent FHWA studies and pilots to help transportation agencies address changing climate conditions and extreme weather events at the asset level. This paper describes considerations for why, where, and how to integrate climate considerations into the project development process. It also discusses the types of climate information that should be considered, and summarizes lessons learned from FHWA’s studies and pilots—such as implementing adaptive designs, considering assets in a regional context, and exploring ecosystem-based adaptation solutions—that can be used to guide the process of developing adaptation strategies.

The Transcontinental Maghreb

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwige Tamalet Talbayev
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
The Political ◽  
Heuristic Model ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Way

Critically engaging the concept of the Mediterranean as a “liquid continent” (Gabriel Audisio), the book argues in favor of a “transcontinental” heuristic model that rests on the transmaritime deployment of the Maghreb within the millennia-old relation that has materially and culturally bound it to multiple Mediterranean sites. Studying a Mediterranean-inspired body of texts from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Gibraltar in French, Arabic, and Spanish, the book delivers provocative analyses that complicate the dichotomy between nation and Mediterranean, the valence of the postcolonial topos of nomadism in the face of postcolonial trauma, and conceptions of the Mediterranean as a mythical site averse to historical realization. The book substitutes a trans-Mediterranean reading of Kateb Yacine’s Nedjma as allegory of the Maghreb’s long-standing plurality for Albert Camus’ colonialist Mediterranean utopia. Through this adjusted Mediterranean genealogy, it reveals the intersection of these Mediterranean imaginaries with Maghrebi claims to an inclusive, democratic national ideal yet to be realized. Attuned to both the perpetual fluctuation of the Mediterranean as method and the political imperatives specific to the postcolonial Maghreb, the transcontinental reveals the limits of models of hybridity and nomadism oblivious to material realities. Through a sustained reflection on the potential and limitations of allegory and critical melancholia, the book shows how the Mediterranean successfully decenters postcolonial nation-building projects and mediates the nomadic subject’s reinsertion into a revised national collective respectful of heterogeneity. These far-reaching adjustments to our readings of the Maghreb and the Mediterranean help us rethink not just the space of the sea, the hybridity it produced, and the way it shaped historical dynamics (globalization, imperialism, decolonization, and nationalism) but also the very nature of postcolonial histories and identities along its shores.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document