scholarly journals THE RELATION BETWEEN COMPETITION AND HIGHER EDUCATION. LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF AN ALBANIAN CASE

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Juliana Latifi

At present, Albania faces a reality in which education as a public interest is provided by both public as well as private institutions. The liberalisation of access in higher education has resulted in public and/or private institutions which provide the same service – education, compete with each other in trying to attract the same customer – the student. Competition is considered as a key instrument that has produced a diversity/variety of higher education institutions and with more choices to the student. This research is aimed at analysing the relation existing between competition and higher education as well as its impact on higher education in Albania. In this analysis we have addressed four important issues: 1. Liberalisation of higher education and the impact of competition 2. Competition law in education 3. The mechanism of free competition - the market of students 4. Using competition to promote reform in higher education This study is based on the interpretation of the domestic legislation, analysis of policy documents and articles, as well as interviews with 10 key persons and 20 students. This research helps understanding the role competition plays in the higher education sector, which has resulted in a tangible reform being undertaken by the public and private HEI themselves. This reform is based on the adaptation of competition rules with the purpose of achieving provision of a qualitative service – standards based education. Key words: competition law, higher education, quality, reform, student.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e209247
Author(s):  
Luan Viana Faria ◽  
Yuri de Lima Medeiros ◽  
Danielle Fernandes Lopes ◽  
Eduardo Machado Vilela ◽  
Neuza Maria Souza Picorelli Assis

Aim: The aim of this study is to offer an overview of the MedicalEmergencies (ME) discipline offer in Dentistry graduations insoutheastern Brazil and to observe the curricular characteristicsof the discipline when present. Methods: This cross-sectionaldocumentary study analyzed the available curricular frameworksin the official websites of Higher Education Institutions (HEI)in southeastern Brazil registered on the Ministry of Education’se-MEC website. The data were analyzed and tabulated using theGraphPad Prism 8.1.2 software, being described by absolute andrelative frequencies. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare theproportions between public and private institutions. Results:Of the 176 courses in the Southeast, 144 were included in thestudy for providing access to the curriculum, 19 (13.19%) werepublic and 125 (86.81%) were private. Only 27 (18.75%) of the HEIpresent the discipline of ME, with a greater tendency of supply inprivate HEIs (20.80%) when compared to public HEIs (5.26%),but this difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05).As a positive aspect, the discipline is predominantly mandatory(88.88%), and the with regard to the teaching methodology ispredominantly theoretical (68.18%). The average workload is50.14 hours (SD=19.54). Conclusions: In only 18.75% of thedental institutions in Southeast Brazil, ME discipline were offered.When offered, the discipline is predominantly theoretical andmandatory. This study raises an important discussion regardingthe need to include specific and mandatory subjects on ME inthe dentistry curricula in Brazil and reflects the need to updateand standardize the national curricular guidelines for dentistry.


2021 ◽  

This Handbook tells the story in 25 chapters of how Japan’s HE system has become what it is now, ending with a very tentative glimpse into the rest of the 21st century. A variety of themes are covered by scholars—both established, senior figures and younger researchers with their own fresh look at current circumstances. Chapters that concentrate on governance look at the distinction between "national," "public," and "private" institutions; others consider important topics such as internationalization, student recruitment, faculty mobility. More innovative topics include "Women of Color Leading in Japanese Higher Education." All provide copious references to other authorities, but rather than just toe the conventional line they include opinions and proposals that may be contentious or even revolutionary. The editor provides an overview of the subject and its treatment in an Introduction. -- Rights Statement: Amsterdam University Press has exclusive rights to sell the print Handbook in all territories excluding Japan, Taiwan and Korea. --


Author(s):  
Wayne Perry Webster ◽  
Zach P. Messitte

This chapter will examine emerging new norms across higher education in the United States following the recession of 2008-09. Colleges and universities face an environment increasingly made up of prospective students and their families shopping and bargaining for the best college deal; institutions are struggling to control student costs by raising discount rates; administrators are seeking to find new sources of revenue and programmatic niches; and faculty are increasingly focused on how to make their curriculum more unique and relevant. Finally, higher education leaders should closely examine long-held recruitment and financial aid strategies, cost structures, academic calendars and mission to meet the new situation. This chapter will summarize the development of the new landscape in public and private higher education, including the growing similarities facing public and private institutions including their common efforts to keep higher education affordable and accessible, and conclude with recommendations for administrators as they navigate their way through the new norm.


Author(s):  
Daniel Levy

Hugo Chavez's clash with Venezuelan higher education is a vivid present-day example of a history of confrontation between leftist, populist regimes and higher education in Latin America. Chavez has transformed the public sector through creation and expansion of new universities. Chavez's policies have alienated the country's private institutions of higher education. Both public and private universities are reduced in importance.


2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S99-S116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqiao Yan

The study deals with the academic profession in China. Its characteristics and relationship with changing social institutions are explored by a historical approach and from an institutional perspective, which includes two elements of government and organization. The major findings of this study are summarized below. First, in accordance with China’s legal framework, public and private higher education institutions are categorized as different legal entities, a difference that leads to favourable conditions for the academic profession in the public sector and to less favourable conditions in the private sector, and which also obstructs personnel flow and competition between the two sectors. Second, the personnel system has changed significantly since 1978, when it was reformed and the policies became more open. This change is largely led by the central government. As regards faculty hiring and promotion, qualification and performance are emphasized over seniority. As regards remuneration and benefits, the egalitarian approach has gradually been replaced by income gains based on performance. Finally, evidence shows that China’s higher education institutions has evolved from so-calleddanweigoverned under a planned system to organizations ruled by the market system, which has caused the academic profession to evolve from adanweiprofession into a more organizational one.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-101
Author(s):  
Nuno Calaim Lourenço

The topic of information exchanges between competing undertakings is central to competition law. These are practices that enhance market transparency and, as such, can generate significant efficiencies. However, they can also give rise to serious competition concerns, often because they afford competitors the possibility of reaching focal points of coordination. The analysis of information exchanges has traditionally taken place in the context of the legal framework that prohibits cartels. This article reviews, at first, the approach taken in Europe by competition authorities and courts, firmly grounded in the Commission Guidelines and in the most recent case law of the European Court of Justice. After discussing the relevant legal framework and the main criteria for the assessment of information exchanges in detail, the article elaborates on the specific problem that premature exchanges of information between competitors can create in the context of a merger transaction. As the competitors that they are, at least until closing of the deal, it is essential that contracting parties ensure that their due diligence exercise and the planning of the integration of their businesses are carried out in a manner that is consistent with competition rules, avoiding behaviour that can be interpreted as gun-jumping or as a cartel practice and, as a consequence, financial penalties and judicial claims.


EAD em FOCO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Da Costa Britto Pereira Lima ◽  
Lívia Soares de Lima Sousa

A utilização da EaD como forma de democratizar o ensino superior no Brasil tem sido discutida por pesquisadores afetos aos mais diversos temas educacionais. Trazemos neste estudo uma breve retomada histórica, demonstrando que os primeiros cursos de ensino superior no Brasil não se destinavam às consideradas classes subalternas. Esse processo histórico fez com que o ensino superior se tornasse algo quase restrito às classes dominantes. Apresentamos a EaD e sua legislação a fim de introduzir também a criação e implementação do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB), política com vistas à democratização do acesso ao ensino superior. Elencamos alguns autores contrários ao uso da EaD como forma de democratizar o ensino no Brasil. Embora em direções diferentes, os autores contrários ao uso da EaD caminham quase sempre num mesmo viés. Um dos principais argumentos trazidos no bojo de suas argumentações contrárias é de que a EaD estaria servindo apenas aos interesses mercantilistas? preconizados pela reestruturação do aparelho do Estado, operacionalizado principalmente na década de 1990. Tais autores desconsideram os avanços obtidos por meio da EaD, a despeito dos percalços e/ou dificuldades enfrentadas em tal modalidade. Sendo assim, trazemos autores favoráveis à implementação da EaD como política de popularização do ensino, a fim de demonstrar como ela tem sido importante no processo histórico de democratizar o ensino superior em nosso país, ampliando suas vagas, avançando na questão do acesso e, ainda, interiorizando as IES públicas e privadas em praticamente todo o território nacional.Palavras-chave: EaD; Ensino a distância no Brasil; Democratização do ensino superior.The EaD in Brazil and the Process of Democratization of Access to Higher Education: Possible DialoguesAbstractThe use of E-learning as a way to democratize higher education in Brazil has been discussed by researchers concerned about the most diverse educational themes. We bring in this study a brief historic overview showing that the first higher education courses in Brazil were not destined to the classes considered subaltern. This historical process has made higher education to become something almost restricted to the dominant classes. We present E-learning and its legislation in order to introduce also the creation and implementation of Open University System of Brazil (UAB), with aiming the access to higher education democratization. We also mention some authors opposed to use of E-learning as a way to democratize the education in Brazil. Although in different directions, authors opposed to use of E-learning follow the same bias almost always. One of the main arguments is that E-learning was only serving the "mercantilist" interests recommended by the State reconstruction process which took place mainly in the 90s. Such authors disregard the advances obtained by education through E-learning, despite the difficulties faced in such modality. Therefore, we bring authors in favor of E-learning as education democratization policy implementation in order to demonstrate how E-learning has been important in the historical process higher education democratization in our country, increasing their number of vacancies, improving the issue of access and interiorizing the public and private Institutions of Higher Education in almost all the national territory.Keywords: E-learning; Distance education in Brazil; Higher education; Democratization.


2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Nosheen Raza ◽  
Kauser Parveen

Student retention is an important concern for higher education institutions. The present study tested self-efficacy variable to examine the impact of personal ability of freshmen in their decision to stay in the institution of higher education. The data was collected from both public and private sector universities in Karachi. A survey method was used to collect the data from 645 students from public and private sector universities. The data was analyses on IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The result showed that self-efficacy have a strong influence on intention of freshmen to stay in the same university. The impact of self-efficacy was the same for both public and private sector universities. It was recommended to include self-efficacy as a factor in retention studies


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Riya Widayanti ◽  
Eka Purnama Harahap ◽  
Ninda Lutfiani ◽  
Fitra Putri Oganda ◽  
Ita Sari Perbina Manik

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