scholarly journals Sex structure of hemp convergent hybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
S. Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Central European ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

Inbreeding and its extreme form (self-pollination) are an effective method for stabilizing the monoecious traits of industrial hemp. The hybrids with self-pollinated lines as the components of which, in most cases, were characterized by a better sex composition than the output cultivar forms, and the absence of male plants. The number of monoecious feminized plant (the main sexual type of modern varieties) in hybrids created as a result of crossing in the directions of vertical convergence was from 54.2 to 100.0 %, and in hybrids created by crossing in horizontal convergence it was from 37.7 to 100.0 %. The use of hybridization in the directions of vertical and horizontal convergence is advisable in the breeding of industrial hemp, especially for obtaining a starting material with a stable trait of monoecious, with high plant biomass, fber content and seed productivity. We recommend the following crosses: the frst and third generations of simple linear-varietal hybrids of various ecological-geographical types, related to one of the parental forms (F1 × F3) (i); crossing of simple interlinear hybrids of various ecological-geographical types with an inbred line of the Central European type of a later generation from self-pollination (interline hybrid × self-pollinated line) (ii); reciprocal crosses of simple interlinear hybrids of various ecological-geographical types with the original cultivar of a self-pollinated line of the middle European type (interline hybrid × cultivar and cultivar × interline hybrid) (iii); crossing of simple linear-varietal and intervarietal hybrids of the frst generation, related in one of the parental forms (iiii). The consistent use of crossbreeding, inbreeding (or divergence), hybridization (or crossing in the vertical and horizontal convergence directions) has created heterotic hemp forms with stable productive potential, homogeneous sex structure, and non-psychotropic properties. The created variety ‘Aurora’ is an example of an innovative breeding method. Key words: hemp, breeding, sex, monoecious, crossbreeding, inbreeding, divergence, convergence, hybrid, productivity.

Response of Martonvásár maize inbred lines to increased UV-B radiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
J. Pintér ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
T. Janda ◽  
Z. Szigeti ◽  
C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Central European ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
The World ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Living Organisms

Solar UV-B radiation is generally regarded as an environmental stress factor, causing harm to living organisms by damaging DNA, proteins, lipids and membranes. Increased UV-B radiation may affect plant life directly or indirectly, having an influence on photosynthesis and plant biomass. In many plants, including maize (which is one of the most important crops in the world), exposure to increased UV-B radiation causes the induction of UV-B absorbing compounds (e.g. flavonoids), which act as UV-B screens and reduce the dangerous levels and effects of this radiation in plant tissues and cells.This study aimed to reveal how Martonvásár maize inbred lines (bred under Central European environmental conditions) respond to increased UV-B radiation.

scholarly journals Possibilities of use of self-pollinated lines for creating of synthetic hemp populations

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Serhiy Mishchenko ◽  
Iryna Layko
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Self ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Synthetic Variety ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

It has been proved that it is possible to create a new breeding material or increase the productivity of an existing one by obtaining stable self-pollinated lines on its basis, followed by their free pollination and propagation according to a specially developed technique (by the type of creation of a synthetic variety). Moreover, at the initial stages of breeding, it is important to select self-pollinated lines according to the set of desired characteristics, at the final stages of closely related breeding, leave only those lines that form the smallest number of seeds as a result of self-pollination, and according to the nursery, estimates in the absence of spatial isolation and free pollination with pollen of various origin characterized by high seed productivity. This technique allows you to select genotypes that are less capable of self-pollination, and more capable of cross-pollination, which in the future will increase the viability and productivity of generation.

Sex structure and seed productivity of Mentha canadensis L. from natural flora of Primorye of Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-427
Author(s):  
T. V. Voronkova ◽  
O. V. Shelepova ◽  
V. V. Kondratieva ◽  
G. F. Bidyukova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Natural Flora

scholarly journals Nitrogen Uptake from Different Sources by Soybean Grown at Different Sowing Densities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Radzka ◽  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Andrzej Wysokinski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Central European ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Sources

The objective of the research reported here was to determine the amount of nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere and taken up from mineral fertilizer and soil reserves by soybean cv. Abelina grown at three densities (per 1 m2) under central European conditions. Moreover, an attempt was made to determine what amount of nitrogen taken up from the individual sources was removed from the field with seed yield and was introduced to the soil with post-harvest residues and that will be the source of this macronutrient for the following plants. The following densities were used: A1–50 seeds, A2—70 seeds and A3—90 seeds per 1 m2. The share of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere, soil reserves and mineral fertilizer and taken up by the total plant biomass was 46.28, 45.52 and 8.2%, respectively. The whole biomass accumulated 58.51, 52.85 and 9.71 kg N∙ha−1 from the respective sources. An average of 95.24 kg N∙ha−1 was removed from the field with seeds, it being 46.17, 42.20 and 6.68 kg N∙ha−1 for an uptake from the atmosphere, soil reserves and mineral fertilizer, respectively. An incorporation into soil of residues and roots provided over 25.82 kg N∙kg−1 associated with all the sources.

Prospective methods of quality control agrochemicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Dmitrevskaya ◽  
◽  
O.A. Zharkikh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Industrial Hemp

The results of assessing the effect of growth bioregulators on the yield of industrial hemp are presented, provided that industrial hemp is grown in a field experiment. It was found that the use of modern bioregulators on agricultural hemp crops had significant increases in the yield and collection of fiber, as well as in the seed productivity of hemp.

scholarly journals How does the physiological activity and growth of tomato plants react to the use of a soil-mineral compound?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258
Author(s):  
Isabella Sabrina Pereira ◽  
Evandro Binotto Fagan ◽  
Ellen Mayara Alves Cabral ◽  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Renan Caldas Umburanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Productive Potential

The tomato crop has a high productive potential that can be depleted by biotic and abiotic stresses. Increased plant resilience to stress conditions has been reported with foliar applications of soil-mineral compounds; however, it is necessary to better understand how plants react to the use of this compound. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of foliar applications of a soil-mineral compound on the physiological and growth attributes of tomato plants. This experiment was carried out in Lagoa Formosa/MG during 2016. Different rates of the soil-mineral compound were used during the crop cycle, forming four distinct managements. The management consisted of different doses of the mineral compound in four stages after transplanting the tomato seedlings. The experiment design used randomized blocks. The following physiological evaluations were performed: total soluble protein, hydrogen peroxide, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, urease, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and lipid peroxidation (LP). The growth assessments were plant biomass and yield. Foliar applications of the soil-mineral compound increased the activity of the SOD enzyme by 4.17 and 6.25%. The use of the soil-mineral compound also increased the LP activity and reduced the antioxidant enzyme activity. The foliar application of the soil-mineral compost at doses of 0.5, 0.750, 1.0 and 1.0 kg ha-1 at 15, 25, 40 and 60 days after transplanting, respectively, increased the yield of the table tomatoes by 20%.

scholarly journals Breeding of industrial hemp with a high content of cannabigerol by the case of ‘Vik 2020’ cultivar

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Serhii Mishchenko ◽  
Iryna Laiko ◽  
Hanna Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Stem Length ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
Neutral Compound ◽  
Technological Assessment ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
Industrial Hemp

To create an industrial hemp variety of the Central European ecological and geographical type with a high cannabigerol content and universal application. Methods. Breeding (self-pollination, creation of artificial populations, selection), field, biochemical (thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography of cannabinoid compounds), instrumental and technological assessment of fibre quality, and statistical methods. Results. Variety ‘Vik 2020’ was obtained as a result of creation of artificial populations. The plants are characterized by higher content of cannabigerol (1.034 ± 0.0323%), and almost zero of other secondary metabolites, such as cannabidivarin, cannabidiol, cannabichromene and psychotropic tetrahydrocannabinol (0.003 ± 0.0011; 0.018 ± 0.0080; 0.012 ± 0.0027, and 0.005 ± 0.0012%, respectively). The t rait of cannabigerol content is quite stable within the population and is not correlated with the trait of tetrahydrocannabinol content (r = -0.23). TLC showed that cannabigerol accumulated mainly in the form of cannabigerolic acid and to a lesser extent as a neutral compound, which is consistent with the theory that this substance is a precursor for the synthesis of other cannabinoids. According to the results of the competitive variety test, when growing to obtain fibre and seeds, the variety features short height, specifically significantly lower total (206.4 cm) and technical stem length (135.6 cm) compared to the standard variety, significantly higher inflorescence length (70.8 cm), which determine the formation of the significant yield of biomass suitable for pharmaceutical use and high seed yield (0.98 t/ha). The yield of total fibre was the same as in the standard variety (29.0%), but its quality and technological value for primary processing were higher. The variety had a homogeneous sex structure, resistance to bioltic and abiotic environmental factors. Plants reached biological maturity in 116 days (BBCH 89). This cultivar is recommended for obtaining seeds, quality fiber and potentially cannabigerol (on condition of changes in legislation). Conclusions. The efficiency of using self-pollinating lines in breeding with their subsequent combining into a synthetic population and improving selection was proved by the case of a new variety of industrial hemp ‘Vik 2020’, characterized by an increased content of cannabigerol and the absence of psychotropic properties

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