scholarly journals Husbandry and captive reproduction of the giant Mexican leaf frog Agalychnis dacnicolor

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Adam W. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
In Captivity

The giant Mexican leaf frog, Agalychnis dacnicolor, is a large arboreal frog endemic to Mexico. This species was previously under-represented in European zoological collections and specific techniques for reproductive management under vivarium conditions little known. A group of four males and one female A. dacnicolor were maintained in captivity at Chester Zoo (Great Britain). To bring them into reproductive condition, they were subjected to three simulated environmental phases that differed in temperature, humidity and feeding regime. This proved successful so that two clutches of spawn, each containing 150-300 eggs, were deposited on leaves overhanging water. Tadpoles hatched from 4 days following oviposition with approximately 80 % success rate. They were reared at a water temperature of 27 °C to 29 °C and displayed no negative effects from living in high density. All tadpoles metamorphosed successfully and froglets with resorbing tails left water after about 32 days. Their tails were resorbed in a further 4 to 5 days at which time they began to feed; at least in the case of males, sexual maturity was reached after 10 months. This methodology will enable zoological collections in Europe to breed this species for potential conservation, research and educational purposes.

Feeding Regime and Management of Captive Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus Porosus in Kota Tinggi, Johor

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Faudzir Najmuddin ◽  
◽  
Siti Hasmaliza Hassem ◽  
Nurhizatul Safikah Mohd Hauri ◽  
Fatin Zahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Saltwater Crocodile ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Crocodylus Porosus

Crocodylus porosus is the largest species of crocodile and can be found in estuarine and riverine area in Malaysia. Crocodile in captivity can be found in Malaysia for various purposes such as tourism, conservation and leather industry. However, the management practice in established crocodile farm varies across park for example in terms of feeding regime. Thus, this study focusses on the feeding regime of C. porosus in captivity and evaluation of management of crocodile of Teluk Sengat Crocodile Farm. This study was carried out for 35 days in two different ponds of Teluk Sengat Crocodile Farm, Kota Tinggi, Johor. The results show majority of the food given to crocodile were chicken (64%), followed by fish (28%) and prawn (8%). Prawn was only given to juvenile crocodile every day, while fish and whole chicken were given to adult crocodile once a week. The feeding frequency are adequate for the juvenile crocodile however, the feeding quantity for adult pond are worrying. Future research should be conducted on other captive population of C. porosus in other areas in Malaysia as well to better understand the overall management practices in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Density-dependent changes in neophobia and stress-coping styles in the world's oldest farmed fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 181473 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Champneys ◽  
G. Castaldo ◽  
S. Consuegra ◽  
C. Garcia de Leaniz
Keyword(s):  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Test Arena ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild

Farmed fish are typically reared at densities much higher than those observed in the wild, but to what extent crowding results in abnormal behaviours that can impact welfare and stress coping styles is subject to debate. Neophobia (i.e. fear of the ‘new’) is thought to be adaptive under natural conditions by limiting risks, but it is potentially maladapted in captivity, where there are no predators or novel foods. We reared juvenile Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) for six weeks at either high (50 g l −1 ) or low density (14 g l −1 ), assessed the extent of skin and eye darkening (two proxies of chronic stress), and exposed them to a novel object in an open test arena, with and without cover, to assess the effects of density on neophobia and stress coping styles. Fish reared at high density were darker, more neophobic, less aggressive, less mobile and less likely to take risks than those reared at low density, and these effects were exacerbated when no cover was available. Thus, the reactive coping style shown by fish at high density was very different from the proactive coping style shown by fish at low density. Our findings provide novel insights into the plasticity of fish behaviour and the effects of aquaculture intensification on one of the world's oldest farmed and most invasive fish, and highlight the importance of considering context. Crowding could have a positive effect on the welfare of tilapia by reducing aggressive behaviour, but it can also make fish chronically stressed and more fearful, which could make them less invasive.

scholarly journals Capture from the wild has long-term costs on reproductive success in Asian elephants

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1912) ◽  
pp. 20191584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirkka Lahdenperä ◽  
John Jackson ◽  
Win Htut ◽  
Virpi Lummaa
Keyword(s):  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Lifetime Fitness ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Capturing wild animals is common for conservation, economic or research purposes. Understanding how capture itself affects lifetime fitness measures is often difficult because wild and captive populations live in very different environments and there is a need for long-term life-history data. Here, we show how wild capture influences reproduction in 2685 female Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) used in the timber industry in Myanmar. Wild-caught females demonstrated a consistent reduction in breeding success relative to captive-born females, with significantly lower lifetime reproduction probabilities, lower breeding probabilities at peak reproductive ages and a later age of first reproduction. Furthermore, these negative effects lasted for over a decade, and there was a significant influence on the next generation: wild-caught females had calves with reduced survival to age 5. Our results suggest that wild capture has long-term consequences for reproduction, which is important not only for elephants, but also for other species in captivity.

Reproductive hormone monitoring of dugongs in captivity: Detecting the onset of sexual maturity in a cryptic marine mammal

2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Burgess ◽  
Wendy H. Blanshard ◽  
Andrew D. Barnes ◽  
Sam Gilchrist ◽  
Tamara Keeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
In Captivity

Reproductive management of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in captivity

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1717-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boue ◽  
A. Delhomme ◽  
S. Chaffaux
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Firefly Translocation: A Case Study of Genetic and Behavioral Evaluation in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anchana Thancharoen
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Threatened Fauna

Conservation translocation is frequently used to conserve the threatened fauna by releasing individuals from the wild or captive populations into a particular area. This approach, however, is not successful in many cases because the translocated populations could not self-sustain in the new habitats. In this chapter, I reviewed the concept of translocation for conservation and the factors associated with the success rate. I used example problems from several cases involving different insect taxa. With its often high potential to mass rear in captivity, captive breeding can be a powerful tool by assuring large population size for insect translocation, which can result in a high success rate. However, genetic consequences from inbreeding and genetic adaptation to captivity can reduce the fitness of the captive population to establish successfully in the wild. Additionally, as the evidence in Japanese fireflies shows, the genetic differences between the translocated and local populations should be considered for a sustainable translocation program. A case study involved genetic and behavioral evaluation of S. aquatilis populations to assess the possibility of including the species for the firefly translocation program in Thailand. Although the results revealed no genetic variation among populations, examination of the variation in flash signals showed that the long-distance population had a longer courtship flash pulse than other populations in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. With no geographical barrier, the light pollution and urbanization are probably important fragmented barriers causing adaptation of flash communication to increase the fitness. As a consequence, firefly translocation should consider flash variation between populations to prevent this potential pre-mating isolation mechanism from resulting in probable lower translocation success rates.

scholarly journals Exploring the Consequences of Crowd Compression Through Physics-Based Simulation

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4149
Author(s):  
Libo Sun ◽  
Norman Badler
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Physics Based Simulation ◽  
And Behavior

Statistical analysis of accidents in recent years shows that crowd crushes have become significant non-combat, non-environmental public disasters. Unlike common accidents such as fires, crowd crushes may occur without obvious external causes, and may arise quickly and unexpectedly in otherwise normal surroundings. We use physics-based simulations to understand the processes and consequences of compressive forces on high density static crowds consisting of up to 400 agents in a restricted space characterized by barriers to free movement. According to empirical observation and experimentation by others, we know that local high packing density is an important factor leading to crowd crushes and consequent injuries. We computationally verify our hypothesis that compressive forces create high local crowd densities which exceed human tolerance. Affected agents may thus be unable to move or escape and will present additional movement obstacles to others. Any high density crowd simulation should therefore take into account these possible negative effects on crowd mobility and behavior. Such physics-based simulations may therefore assist in the design of crowded spaces that could reduce the possibility of crushes and their consequences.

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