scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Endophytic Fungi Origin of Potato Plant Roots in Coffee Skin Compost Media to Suppress Development of Potato Leaf Disease (Phytophtora infestans)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Anna Fitriana ◽  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Pathogen Attack ◽  
Blight Disease

Potato leaf blight is caused by Phytophthora infestans fungus is one of the important diseases in potato plants. The decrease in potato production due to P. infestans can reach 90%. Until now, P. infestans pathogen attack is an important problem and there is no fungicide that is really effective against the disease. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of endophytic fungi from potato roots in suppressing the development of P. infestans potato leaf blight disease carried out at University Farm Stasiun Riset Bener Meriah (UFBM) Syiah Kuala University Tunyang Village, Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency from May to October 2014. The method used is the experimental method. The results of this study indicate that endophytic fungi from the roots of potato plants in coffee skin compost media can suppress the development of leaf blight caused by P. infestans, endophytic fungi from potato plant roots in coffee skin compost media. The best results were found in B9 endophytic fungi isolates with the intensity of the pathogen attack P. infestans 48.00%, the intensity of damage to potato plants due to pathogen P. infestans and 2.60%, the weight of healthy tubers 332.4 grams.

scholarly journals The Resistance of Potatoes by Application of Trichoderma viride Antagonists Fungus

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Purwantisari Susiana ◽  
Priyatmojo Achmadi ◽  
P. Sancayaningsih Retno ◽  
S. Kasiamdari Rina ◽  
Budihardjo Kadarwati
Keyword(s):  
Potato Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Potato Resistance ◽  
Blight Disease

Leaf blight disease caused by pathogenic fungus Phytophthora infestans is the major disease in potato that can reduce its production up to 100%. The use of biological agent Trichoderma viride as an inducing potato resistance against leaf blight disease has been considered potential method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of biological agent Trichoderma viride in inducing potato plant resistance. The parameters observed were the growth of the potato plant and leaf blight intensity. Experimental research with complete randomized design with 6 treatments was applied. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma viride could reduce the intensity of leaf blight disease and increase the growth of the potato plant. Trichoderma viride application could improve the systemic resistance of potato plants.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF RHIZOBACTERIA FROM ONION RHIZOSPHERE CAN INDUCE SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE ON ONION PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milda Ernita ◽  
trimurti habazar ◽  
jamsari ◽  
nasrun
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Induce Systemic Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Blight Disease

In modern cultivation processes indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers, has led to substantialpollution of soil, air and water. So, there is an urgent need to solve the problem. Rhizobacteria are bacteria thatcolonize plant roots, and these bacteria are known to stimulate growth and thereby reduce incidence of plantdisease by direct and indirect mechanisms. A total of 136 rhizobacteria isolates were isolated from differentrhizosphere soils in central areas of production of onions in Indonesia. These isolates were screened for theircapability to enhance growth and protect onions against bacterial leaf blight disease-caused by Xanthomonasaxonopodis pv.allii. The results showed that ten isolates can enhance growth and protect onions against bacterialleaf blight diseases. Five isolates were isolated from West Sumatra, four isolates from Java and one isolated fromNorth Sumatra. All isolates produced indol-3-acetic acid with different concentrations. Molecular identificationof ten isolates belong to Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Stenotrophomonas sp and Serratia sp.

scholarly journals Detection of a Potato Disease (Early Blight) Using Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Hassan Afzaal ◽  
Aitazaz A. Farooque ◽  
Arnold W. Schumann ◽  
Nazar Hussain ◽  
Andrew McKenzie-Gopsill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Disease Identification ◽  
Graphical Processing ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Different Growth Stages

This study evaluated the potential of using machine vision in combination with deep learning (DL) to identify the early blight disease in real-time for potato production systems. Four fields were selected to collect images (n = 5199) of healthy and diseased potato plants under variable lights and shadow effects. A database was constructed using DL to identify the disease infestation at different stages throughout the growing season. Three convolutional neural networks (CNNs), namely GoogleNet, VGGNet, and EfficientNet, were trained using the PyTorch framework. The disease images were classified into three classes (2-class, 4-class, and 6-class) for accurate disease identification at different growth stages. Results of 2-class CNNs for disease identification revealed the significantly better performance of EfficientNet and VGGNet when compared with the GoogleNet (FScore range: 0.84–0.98). Results of 4-Class CNNs indicated better performance of EfficientNet when compared with other CNNs (FScore range: 0.79–0.94). Results of 6-class CNNs showed similar results as 4-class, with EfficientNet performing the best. GoogleNet, VGGNet, and EfficientNet inference time values ranged from 6.8–8.3, 2.1–2.5, 5.95–6.53 frames per second, respectively, on a Dell Latitude 5580 using graphical processing unit (GPU) mode. Overall, the CNNs and DL frameworks used in this study accurately classified the early blight disease at different stages. Site-specific application of fungicides by accurately identifying the early blight infected plants has a strong potential to reduce agrochemicals use, improve the profitability of potato growers, and lower environmental risks (runoff of fungicides to water bodies).

scholarly journals Endophyte Fungi to Control Helminthosporium turcicum, Fungi Causing Leaf Blight Disease

SAINTEKBU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Ika Rochdjatun Sastrahidayat ◽  
Akhmat Riza Faizah ◽  
Anton Muhibuddin
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Helminthosporium Turcicum ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

Leaf blight disease is one of the most dangerous diseases of maize plant. This disease be able causing loss of maize harvest up to 40-70%. The cause of the leaf blight disease is Helminthosporium turcicum fungi. Biological control with endophytic fungi potentially used to control the pathogens as well as increase the resistance of plant induction to disease. Research was conducted in PT Bisi Inernational area, Tbk Farm Ngantang Malang Regency, Laboratory of Mycology Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya University and Bioscience Laboratory Brawijaya University on December 2016 until July 2017. The exploration result of endophytic fungi of three varieties of maize were obtained 30 isolates, consisting of 14 non-pathogenic isolates and 16 pathogenic isolates. Based on the power inhibition percentage to the highest growth of H. turcicum is a fungi with NuII2, NuII4, PuIII3, DuIII3, NuII3 and PuIII1 isolates code. The most prevalent inhibition mechanism is pathogens and endophytic fungi competition. The 30 isolates identified were Colletotrichum sp, Fusarium sp, Curvularia sp, Acremonium sp dan Paecilomyces sp, meanwhile the other endophytic fungi is only found sterile hyphae thus difficult to identify up to the genus level. Keywords : Endophyte fungi, Zea mays, Helminthosporium turcicum  

scholarly journals SCREENING OF RHIZOBACTERIA FROM ONION RHIZOSPHERE CAN INDUCE SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE ON ONION PLANTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Milda Ernita, Trimurti Habazar, Nasrun Jamsari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Induce Systemic Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
North Sumatra

In modern cultivation processes indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers, has led to substantialpollution of soil, air and water. So, there is an urgent need to solve the problem. Rhizobacteria are bacteria thatcolonize plant roots, and these bacteria are known to stimulate growth and thereby reduce incidence of plantdisease by direct and indirect mechanisms. A total of 136 rhizobacteria isolates were isolated from differentrhizosphere soils in central areas of production of onions in Indonesia. These isolates were screened for theircapability to enhance growth and protect onions against bacterial leaf blight disease-caused by Xanthomonasaxonopodis pv.allii. The results showed that ten isolates can enhance growth and protect onions against bacterialleaf blight diseases. Five isolates were isolated from West Sumatra, four isolates from Java and one isolated from North Sumatra. All isolates produced indol-3-acetic acid with different concentrations. Molecular identification of ten isolates belong to Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Stenotrophomonas sp and Serratia sp.

scholarly journals Effects of Potato-Psyllid-Vectored ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Infection on Potato Leaf and Stem Physiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Wallis ◽  
A. Rashed ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
L. Paetzold ◽  
F. Workneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Potato Foliage ◽  
Lower Stem

The bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is associated with zebra chip disease (ZC), a threat to potato production in North America and New Zealand. It is vectored by potato psyllids. Previous studies observed that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ infection causes potato tubers to undergo ZC-symptom-associated shifts in physiology, such as increased levels of amino acids, sugars, and phenolics. However, little is known about how ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ infections caused by psyllid vector feeding may affect metabolism in potato foliage and stems. This study compared metabolism in potato plants fed upon by ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-positive psyllids with potato plants not exposed to psyllids. Foliar levels of asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, fructose, glucose, sucrose, a ferulic acid derivative, and quinic acid were lower in ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-inoculated than noninfected plants. However, foliar levels of proline, serine, four phenolic compounds, and most terpenoids were greater in ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-inoculated than noninfected plants. Upper stem levels of asparagine and aspartic acid, upper and lower stem levels of ellagitannins and most monoterpenoids, and lower stem level of sesquiterpenoids were greater in ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-inoculated than noninfected plants. These results suggest that many defense-related terpenoid compounds might increase in plants which had psyllids inoculate ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’. This could impact progression and spread of ZC.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Seedling Grow-Out Experiments Do Not Support Seed Transmission of Sweet Potato Leaf Curl Virus in Sweet Potato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Andreason ◽  
Omotola G. Olaniyi ◽  
Andrea C. Gilliard ◽  
Phillip A. Wadl ◽  
Livy H. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Vector Transmission ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Potato Seedlings ◽  
Leaf Curl

Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) threatens global sweet potato production. SPLCV is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci or via infected vegetative planting materials; however, SPLCV was suggested to be seed transmissible, which is a characteristic that is disputed for geminiviruses. The objective of this study was to revisit the validity of seed transmission of SPLCV in sweet potato. Using large-scale grow-out of sweet potato seedlings from SPLCV-contaminated seeds over 4 consecutive years, approximately 23,034 sweet potato seedlings of 118 genotype entries were evaluated. All seedlings germinating in a greenhouse under insect-proof conditions or in a growth chamber were free of SPLCV; however, a few seedlings grown in an open bench greenhouse lacking insect exclusion tested positive for SPLCV. Inspection of these seedlings revealed that B. tabaci had infiltrated the greenhouse. Therefore, transmission experiments were conducted using B. tabaci MEAM1, demonstrating successful vector transmission of SPLCV to sweet potato. Additionally, tests on contaminated seed coats and germinating cotyledons demonstrated that SPLCV contaminated a high percentage of seed coats collected from infected maternal plants, but SPLCV was never detected in emerging cotyledons. Based on the results of grow-out experiments, seed coat and cotyledon tests, and vector transmission experiments, we conclude that SPLCV is not seed transmitted in sweet potato.

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