scholarly journals Focus on Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Medical Uses of Gummi myrrha

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5510-5522
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Experimental Pharmacology ◽  
Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Antileishmanial Activities

Gummi myrrha is the air-dried gum resin taken from the branches and stems of Commiphora molmol Engler (Burseraceae). The other names include myrrh, myrrhe, myrrha. Commiphora species are shrubs with 3 m high. It has rounded tops, thick trunks, dark brown bark, and large, sharply pointed thorns on the stem. It has many asymmetrical stunted and spiny. The leaves are unequal and alternate. The flowers are small, yellow-red fascicled, and arranged in terminal panicles. Gummi myrrha contains resins (25-40%), essential oil (3-8%), and a water-soluble gum (30-60%). The Gummi myrrha contains 20% proteins and 65% carbohydrates (galactose, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and arabinose). The major constituents of the Gummi myrrha essential oil are furanosesquiterpenes, and the monoterpenes α-, β- and γ-bisabolene. Gummi myrrha is used for mild inflammations treatment. It is used to treat aphthous ulcers, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, common cold, and gingivitis. Gummi myrrha is used as an emmenagogue, expectorant, and antidote for toxins and to stop blood coagulation. It treats menopausal symptoms, arthritic pain, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, jaundice, and indigestion. The pharmacology activity of Gummi myrrha includes experimental pharmacology and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes cardio-protective, analgesic, antipyretic, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, antimicrobial, and antileishmanial activities. Clinical pharmacology includes anti-obesity, antidiarrheal, and wound healing activities. The ointment of Gummi myrrha essential oil was non-irritating, non-sensitizing, and non-photo toxic to the human skin. The dose of myrrh tincture =1:5 g/ml, Gummi myrrha tincture applied to the affected area 2 or 3 times/ day; Gummi myrrha mouth solution= 5-10 drops of the tincture in a glass of water.

scholarly journals Lavandulae aetheroleum Oil: A Review on Phytochemical Screening, Medicinal Applications, and Pharmacological Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 9836-9847
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Experimental Pharmacology ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lavandulae aetheroleum, the oil, was obtained by vapor condensation from the flower of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel (Lamiaceae) plant. Other names of Lavandulae aetheroleum oil are Al birri, common or English lavender. The Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel plant is spreading in the Mediterranean, southern Europe, Bulgaria, Russia, and USA. The Lavandula angustifolia Mill. or Lavandula intermedia Loisel plant, is an odor shrub with 1-2 m in height. The oil is a clear, colorless, or pale yellow. The gas chromatography studies reported the following percentage of the major chemical constituents in the oil: linalyl acetate (25-46%), linalool (20-45%), terpinen-4-ol (1.2-6.0%), lavendulyl acetate (> 1.0%), 1,8-cineole (1,8-cineol, cineol, cineole, eucalyptol) (< 2.5%), 3-octanone (< 2.5%), camphor (< 1.2%), limonene (< 1.0%), and α-terpineol (< 2.0%). Medicinal applications of the oil include the treatment of restlessness, anxiety, cardiovascular disorders, insomnia, and gastrointestinal disorders, burns, diarrhea, headache, sore throats, and wounds. Pharmacological effects include experimental and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antispasmodic, central nervous system depressant effects. Clinical pharmacology includes anxiolytic, analgesic, and cardiovascular effects. The oil dose by inhalation = 0.06-0.2 ml/ 3 times/day while oil dose internally = 1-4 drops approximately 20-80 mg on a sugar cube per day. In conclusion, Lavandulae aetheroleum oil had an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antispasmodic, central nervous system depressant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and cardiovascular effects.

scholarly journals Review on Flos Arnicae: Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13667-13680
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Experimental Pharmacology ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Minor Injuries

The dried flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae) is called Flos Arnicae. The other names of Flos Arnicae are Arnique, Arnika, betouana, mountain tobacco. This review aims to focus on phytochemical screening, chemical constituents, and pharmacological applications of Flos Arnicae. Carthamus tinctorius plant is indigenous to central Europe, but it is cultivated all over the world. The Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) is a perennial, branched and herbaceous. The main ingredients of Flos Arnicae include the essential oil (0.5%), fatty acids, thymol, pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones (0.2-0.8%), and flavonoid glycosides (0.2-0.6%). It is applied in treating pain and inflammation from minor injuries and accidents such as bruises, ecchymosis, hematomas, and petechiae. Flos Arnicae treats cardiovascular disease, indigestion, and rheumatism, and it is also applied as an emmenagogue. The pharmacological effect of Flos Arnicae includes experimental and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, cardiovascular, choleretic, and uterine stimulant effects. Clinical pharmacology includes antianxiety, antidepressant, analgesic, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects. Flos Arnicae is used externally on the affected area 2 or 3 times/ day. In rabbits or mice, or rats, the Flos Arnicae is tested and found not toxic in acute toxicity studies. In mice and guinea pig skin, the Flos Arnicae is not irritating, sensitizing, or phototoxic. In 100 cosmetic preparations, the Flos Arnicae is found. There is not any significant ocular irritation after Flos Arnicae exposure. In conclusion, Flos Arnicae has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, cardiovascular, choleretic, uterine stimulant, antianxiety, antidepressant, analgesic, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACT OF THE AROMATIC PLANT CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Umadevi. D ◽  
K.U.M.A Rafeeq
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Oil Extract

Cymbopogon citratus, widely known as lemongrass is used as folk medicine for several disease conditions. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the essential oil extract of C. citratus revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, avonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds in the aqueous extracts. Essential oil was extracted from C. citratus leaves and its chemical constituents were identied by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

scholarly journals Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Mirabilis jalapa- A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 034-045
Author(s):  
Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ◽  
Tayseer Ali Talab ◽  
Wajdi M. Jabbar ◽  
Ali M. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa

Mirabilis jalapa was used traditionally in the treatment of kidney infections, as diuretic, tonic, cathartic, purgative and emetic. The phytochemical screening of the extracts of the leaves and stems of the Mirabilis jalaparevealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, terpenes, glycosides, saponins, protein, cardiac glycosides, steroids and emodin. The previous pharmacological studies revealed that Mirabilis jalapa possessed wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic effects included antimicrobial, antiparasitic, dermatological, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antihistaminic, immune-modulatory, antispasmodic and many other pharmacological effects. The chemical constituents, nutritional, pharmacological and therapeutic effects ofMirabilis jalapawere discussed in the current review.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR DIFFERENT CEDRELA TOONA ROXB. FRUIT EXTRACTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Kinjal H ◽  
Patel Piyush M.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Isolation Method

Air dried powdered material of the fruits of cedrela toona Roxb. was successively extracted with petroleum ether, hexane, acetone, methanol and water extract by soxhlet extraction and subjected to various qualitative chemical tests to determine presence of various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, phenolics and tannins, phtosterols, fixed oils and fats, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins etc. The various extracts of fruits of cedrela toona Roxb. were than subjected to thin layer chromatographic studies to identify the number and nature of the chemical constituents present. This study helps researchers for developmentof isolation method of active ingredient having vast pharmacological effects. Keywords: Cedrela toona, Extracts, Phytoconstituents, TLC

REVIEW : KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN DAYA IRITASI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) DALAM BEBERAPA TIPE BASIS SEBAGAI ANTI-INFLAMASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-375
Author(s):  
Amraini Amelia ◽  
◽  
Nining Sugihartini ◽  
Hari Susanti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Clove Essential Oil ◽  
Soluble Base ◽  
Essential Oil Formulations

This review aims to determine the types of bases that can be used every day, which are effective and efficient as anti-inflammatory drugs. The research method used was to review the development of clove essential oil formulations that have been carried out using various concentrations of various types of bases including M / A type cream, A / M type cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorbents. The recommended formulation is type M / A cream with a concentration of 5% clove flower essential oil. The types of bases studied were M / A cream, type A / M cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorption properties which had good physical properties and did not irritate the skin of the test animals. This review refers to several national and international journals released in the last ten years, from 2010 to 2020.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Ecuadorian Endemic Species Croton ferrugineus and Its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4608
Author(s):  
Eduardo Valarezo ◽  
Génesis Gaona-Granda ◽  
Vladimir Morocho ◽  
Luis Cartuche ◽  
James Calva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties

Croton ferrugineus Kunth is an endemic species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine both for wound healing and as an antiseptic. In this study, fresh Croton ferrugineus leaves were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against three Gram-positive bacteria, one Gram-negative bacterium and one dermatophyte fungus. The radical scavenging properties of the essential oil was evaluated by means of DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify thirty-five compounds representing more than 99.95% of the total composition. Aliphatic sesquiterpene hydrocarbon trans-caryophyllene was the main constituent with 20.47 ± 1.25%. Other main compounds were myrcene (11.47 ± 1.56%), β-phellandrene (10.55 ± 0.02%), germacrene D (7.60 ± 0.60%), and α-humulene (5.49 ± 0.38%). The essential oil from Croton ferrugineus presented moderate activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) with an MIC of 1000 μg/mL, a scavenging capacity SC50 of 901 ± 20 µg/mL with the ABTS method, and very strong antiglucosidase activity with an IC50 of 146 ± 20 µg/mL.

Chemical Constituents and Carbonic Anhydrase II Activity of Essential Oil of Acridocarpus orientalis A. Juss. in Comparison With Stem and Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Najeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
Jamal Nasser Alsabahi ◽  
Tanveer Alam ◽  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Kashif Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Pterocephalus hookeri

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098123
Author(s):  
Peng-fei Yang ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Qiong-bo Wang ◽  
Zhi-wei Zhao ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Detailed chemical constituents of essential oil from the Pterocephalus hookeri leaves and its antimicrobial activities were investigated in this study. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Among the 90 identified compounds, hexadecanoic acid (21.27%), phytol (8.03%), furfural (7.08%), oleic acid (5.25%), and phytone (4.56%) were the major components. In the antimicrobial assay, the essential oil showed strong inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocephalus hookeri.

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