scholarly journals Environmental technologies in restoration of destabilized ecological systems of the conflict zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
A.H. Shapar ◽  
O.V. Mikheev ◽  
M.V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT. The state of normal human life, which is characterized by the general notion of «Health», includes a combination of indicators of physical, mental and social well-being, and, in turn, is determined by a whole set of factors. Among them, along with medical and biological, undoubtedly important role is played by environmental factors. The region of Eastern Ukraine, firstly — Donetsk and Lugansk regions, in this regard can't be recognized as prosperous. A significant degree of anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment of this industrially developed region, which was formed over decades, has increased considerably during the military actions of recent years [1, 2]. Accordingly, the need to restore constitutional order and ensure worth living conditions for Ukrainian citizens includes, along with political, economic and social vectors, the task of optimizing natural ecological systems. It should be noted that the consequences of the impact of military actions on the natural environment in conflict zones, with all its specificity, have a number of similar features, for example, with man-made transformations that are noted in mining regions [3, 4]. These are, first of all, local and large-scale transformations of the landscape, disturbance of soil cover, partial or complete destruction of plant communities, impoverishment of fauna, and, as a result, the destabilization of ecosystems due to the violation of ecological relations that ensure their structural and functional organization and natural mechanisms of their self-regulation [5, 6]. In this context, the very urgent and demanded for the conflict zone is the implementation of various environmental technologies tested for solving similar problems in anthropogenically transformed territories. In particular, the scientific and practical developments of the Institute for Nature Management Problems and Ecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (INMPE of NAS of Ukraine, Dnipro) [7–10] have a considerable interest in the following main areas. Key Words: Ecological destabilization, Ecological rehabilitation, Post-war territories, Environmental technologies, Ecological management, Landscape, Ecosystems.

scholarly journals The role of the religious factor in the formation of conflict zones in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Zakharov ◽  
◽  
Stanislav A. Gorokhov ◽  
Ruslan V. Dmitriev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Countries ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Religious Competition ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Missionary Societies ◽  
The Impact

The article attempts to identify the impact of religious competition on the spatial development of conflict zones in Africa. On the basis of ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data) for 1997–2017 three conflict zoned are identified: the Sudan-Sahel Corridor, the periphery of Catholic “Domain” in the central part of the Continent and the countries of the Lake Chad basin. The results made it possible to clarify some findings and conclusions about the conflict potential of the macroregion obtained in civilizational studies. It is confirmed that the most conflicts in Africa are located in the Sudan-Sahel Corridor (territory roughly corresponds to the boarder of Islamic and African Civilizations), primarily to the countries a fairly equal number of adherents of Christianity and Islam adherents. Correlation analysis confirmed that such a confessional structure of the population is conflict prone, it contributes to increased ferocity of conflicts. However, religion-based violence does not exclusively appears in the zones of Islam and Christianity competition, there are other conflict zones where the emergence on conflicts is due to growing competition between branches of the same religion. On the periphery of the Catholic “Domain” conflicts are currently ethno-political in nature, but their occurrence is ascribed largely to the competition between Catholic and Protestant missionary societies. The countries of the Lake Chad basin are characterized by competition between Sunnism and Shiism. At the same time, this conflict zone is one of the largest “producers” of radical Islamist groups; the organization level of the latter is often higher than that of opposing state and international bodies. There is a close spatial connection between conflict zones. In this regard, countries belonging to several conflict zones are at higher risk of emergence of complex conflicts. The findings indicate a strong influence of the religious factor on the conflict potential of the African continent. The analysis of historical materials showed that the occurrence of conflicts in the identified conflict zones is determined primarily by the evolution logic of the confessional space of African countries and can be explained from the standpoint of the concept of confessional geospace competitive development.

Is the success of entrepreneurs dependent on the environment in a conflict zone: insights from Indian-administered Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shiob Shah ◽  
Mohammad Farooq Lala
Keyword(s):  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to empirically examine the impact of selecting entrepreneurial framework conditions on the success of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone. The study was conducted in Kashmir, which is a fitting conflict context. The study undertaken responds to the call by multiple authors to substantiate the entrepreneurship literature with empirical evidence from conflict-affected areas. The authors argue that better entrepreneurial framework conditions will enhance entrepreneurial success in conflict zones. This research work is important because it will add to our understanding of the influences of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on entrepreneurs who pursue an entrepreneurial career in conflict zones. This research will add to the existing body of knowledge, which seemingly lacks evidence from conflict zones. Furthermore, this research is important in the Kashmir context because this research will provide insights to stakeholders such as entrepreneurs, government agencies, entrepreneurship development agencies and NGOs, etc.Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed 400 entrepreneurs in the manufacturing, services and retail sectors in Kashmir through a questionnaire. The self-reported responses were used for assessment of entrepreneurial framework conditions and financial and non-financial performance. The data were analysed through the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesised relationships. The results were considerable.FindingsThe authors found that most Kashmiri entrepreneurs do not find the entrepreneurial framework conditions supportive of their business. Upon testing the hypothesis, they found a significant and positive impact of entrepreneurial finance, government policies and cultural and social norms on entrepreneurial success. The common belief that ease in market dynamics would positively impact success was negated in this case. They found a significant and negative impact of market dynamics on success. Furthermore, the physical, commercial and professional infrastructure and services showed insignificant results.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides insights about the requirements of entrepreneurial framework conditions in a conflict zone for achieving successful results. The current study acknowledges the call of researchers to carry out quantitative studies in conflict zones.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research might prove to be beneficial to the entrepreneurs, policymakers, government agencies and other stakeholders. If taken into consideration while formulating the policies in favour of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone, the findings of this research are an added resource. The current research might be valuable to the Government of Kashmir in recognising the perception of entrepreneurs towards the initiatives or the policies drafted in the past.Originality/valueAs per the knowledge of researchers, no such study has been conducted in Kashmir vis-a-vis the variables studied. The study is original in terms of analysing the impact of the environment on the success of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone in Kashmir.

scholarly journals Assessing the Complexity of Social-Ecological Systems: Taking Stock of the Cross-Scale Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandra R. Gonçalves ◽  
Mayara Oliveira ◽  
Alexander Turra
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact

Human demands and activities introduce cross-scale pressures in different systems and scales, affecting the provision of ecosystem services and causing an unbalanced effect on human well-being within the territory. The existing institutions are frequently considered panaceas since they do not take into account the different spatial and jurisdictional scales of the social-ecological systems (SES). This paper aims to broaden the existing DPSIR (Drivers–Pressures–State–Impact–Response) assessment frameworks to strengthen the ecosystem approach and promote an integrated cross-scale perspective. The concept of the Cross-scale Ecosystem-Based Assessment (DIET) was developed and applied to a case study on the demand of seafood provisions. The assessment has indicated that the activities related to the specified demand occur at different scales and generate cumulative impacts and pressures on other scales, especially in the coastal zone. The existing responses to address this issue are highly fragmented, both spatially and among sectors. DIET was applied here to the land–sea interface to illustrate how coastal zone governance and management can be improved and how the impact of certain drivers or activities in the SES can be reduced. DIET may help to reduce the governance morbidity and prevent panaceas by fostering the integration of institutions in pursuing flexible, adaptive and fit-for-purpose policies to address complex issues so as to secure social-ecological justice and well-being for all humans.

scholarly journals Cartography of Mangled Minds: Mazen Maarouf’s Jokes for the Gunmen

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Judith Sebastian Kurishumoottil Manalil
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Private Domain ◽  
The Impact

“Power was the most important subject, as far as we were concerned, during the war” (6). The 20th century was dominated by the two World Wars, the Cold War and the post-Cold War conflicts. The 21st century appears to be no better. Just two decades into the new millennium and we are already experiencing the tremors of outbreaks across the globe, notably referred to as terrorism, ethnic conflict, civil wars and hybrid and special operations warfare. These nonstate, intrastate, and interstate violence have had an impact on the lives of millions of people. It is in this context that Booker longlisted work Jokes for the Gunmen (2019) by the Palestinian-Icelandic author Mazen Maarouf may be read.   Maarouf weaves together twelve stories that offer a kaleidoscope of insights on the impact of war on the civilian population.  Jokes for the Gunmen is grounded in a conflict zone that is for the most part unspecified, except in the “Gramophone” where it is Lebanon (55) while in “Juan and Ausa” it is Spain. Thus the narratives are universalized to reinforce the idea that war is an act of violence against the global citizen and everybody and everywhere is its target. The characters are never given names except for Hossam in “Other –People’s –Dreams - Syndrome” and Juan and Ausa in the eponymous story. This buttresses the design of the universality of the narratives. The author seems to drive home the fact that no one can claim immunity from war and this becomes only too obvious with the narrative space being inundated with fatalities. Again, as we march along the narratives, we find that the boundaries between combatants and civilians, battlefronts and domestic spaces have almost blurred. Everyone is now at the combat zone and the combat zone is everywhere. The private domain of the hearth and the home that once signified security and well-being has also been transformed into dangerous territory.    

scholarly journals SEMANTIC MODELING IN RESILIENCE RESEARCH OF ENERGY AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

2022 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Татьяна Николаевна Ворожцова ◽  
Дмитрий Вячеславович Пестерев ◽  
Владимир Русланович Кузьмин
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Semantic Modeling ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Structuring Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения семантического моделирования, включающего, в частности, онтологическое и когнитивное моделирование для поддержки совместных исследований энергетических и социо-экологических систем. Работа посвящена использованию онтологического инжиниринга для структурирования знаний предметных областей и когнитивного моделирования в исследованиях влияния функционирования энергетических объектов на природную среду и человека. Онтологическое моделирование используется для выявления, описания и согласования базовых понятий предметных областей исследований и позволяет систематизировать и наглядно представить взаимосвязи между элементами природной среды, объектами энергетики и их характеристиками, факторами воздействия и методами их расчета. Когнитивное моделирование используется для выявления структуры причинно-следственных связей между факторами, влияющими на устойчивость системы. The article discusses the possibilities of applying semantic modeling, including, in particular, ontological and cognitive modeling to support joint research of energy and socio-ecological systems. The work is devoted to the use of ontological engineering for structuring knowledge of subject areas and cognitive modeling in studies of the impact of the functioning of energy facilities on the natural environment and humans. Ontological modeling is used to identify, describe and coordinate the basic concepts of subject areas of research and allows you to systematize and visualize the relationship between elements of the natural environment, energy facilities and their characteristics, impact factors and methods of their calculation. Cognitive modeling is used to identify the structure of causal relationships between factors affecting the stability of the system.

scholarly journals Sustainable City- Green Walls and Roofs as Ecological Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022110
Author(s):  
Krystyna Strumiłło
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract The impact of urban development on the natural environment creates unique challenges for architects and the need to seek a change in design strategies by building green and sustainable buildings. Designing and displaying green elements such as roofs and walls becomes an important element in this sense. Greenery plays a very crucial role in the city space. Green roofs and walls are the missing link between the built environment and the natural environment. They can complement urban greenery. This paper aims to show the possibilities of green roofs and walls solutions in the city, their aspects and impact on the environment and people. The research method is based on the analysis of selected existing objects with greenery solutions and showing their role in creating a sustainable city. The analysis shows that the green roofs and walls offers many environmental, social and economic benefits. They have the ability to improve the microclimate and increase air humidity. Thus, they affect the health and well-being of the city's inhabitants. This technology should be considered a valuable part of the design process to tackle climate change and the energy crisis. Green roofs and facades are passive techniques and provide benefits in reducing the energy requirements of buildings, among other things, but also play a role in shaping a better visual aspect of the city. In the 21st century, people are slowly beginning to realize the advantages of green architecture, which is considered a new perspective also for the urban heat island problem. Thus, the living roofs and walls are of major importance as part of a sustainable strategy for the urban environment. Sustainable cities will exist when society makes an informed choice to move towards a more sustainable lifestyle. The green roofs and walls these are the solution for the future, for better quality of life.

scholarly journals “Is Life Worth Living?”: The Role of Masculinity in the Way Men Aged Over 80 Talk About Living, Dying, and Suicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 155798832096654
Author(s):  
Kylie King ◽  
Briony Dow ◽  
Louise Keogh ◽  
Peter Feldman ◽  
Allison Milner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Life Worth Living ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
The Impact

Men aged 85 years and over have the highest rate of suicide of any age or gender group in Australia. However, little is known about their trajectory toward suicide. The objective of this study was to understand the role of masculine norms and other life factors in the suicidality of older men. Thirty-three men aged 80 years or more took part in a semistructured focus group or interview, and/or completed a survey. Participants were asked about the issues facing older men, well-being and aging, physical health challenges, social support, mental health and help-seeking, and suicide and suicide prevention. Five themes emerged: “finding out we’re not invincible,” “active and tough,” “strong silent types,” “decision makers,” and “right to die.” Participants spoke about masculine norms that had influenced their lives as providers and decision makers, and now influenced how they coped with aging and their journey toward death. For some participants, suicide was seen to be a rational alternative to dependence in their final years. Suicide prevention should adopt a gendered approach and be cognizant of the influence of gender roles and masculinity in older men’s lives. Further research and prevention efforts should be mindful of the impact of masculine norms of self-reliance and control on an older man’s decision to end his life. Suicide prevention efforts should work to reduce stigma around the challenges of aging, maximize opportunities for control, facilitate social connection, and improve residential aged care.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Natural Environment, Present Moment Awareness and Its Consideration: A Qualitative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8436
Author(s):  
Ivan Uher ◽  
Alena Buková ◽  
Milena Švedová ◽  
Tatiana Kimáková ◽  
Zuzana Küchelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Perspective Model ◽  
The Impact

Longstanding research suggests a plausible relation between physical activity, the natural environment, and overall health. However, when investigating this relationship, most studies focused on the absence of disease or frailty as health indicators. The relation between physical activity (PA), subjective well-being (SWB), natural environment, and present moment awareness (PMA) remains unexplored. The presented qualitative review offers a perspective model of the relationship between physical activity, natural environment, and awareness of the present moment that helps us explore its underlying, relating pathways. Our review concludes that present moment awareness can be worthy of attention to detect the impact of physical activity, subjective well-being and staying in a natural environment on selected samples, as well as its influence on maximizing related benefits for health and well-being. The challenge after that is to consider how to monitor the complex interactions that will occur within the multiple levels of influence. Essentially, a unified model of research and practice which incorporates physiological and psychological theories is undoubtedly needed. If that happens, we can understand the role of the diverse regulators upon behavior and proceed to convey this evidence into future health-promoting interventions.

scholarly journals Economic Acculturation of Lower Ilim Evenki: Farmers and Reindeer Breeders (XVIII - Early XX Centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 433-450
Author(s):  
M. V. Ragulina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
The Impact

The issue of acculturation of the indigenous population of Siberia is considered on the example of the Lower Ilim group of Evenki. The emergence of “yasak villages” is studied as a transitional stage between nomadic nature management and peasant farming. It is shown that the reduction in the number of Lower Ilim Evenki is largely due to their transition to the peasant class, which was not recorded in the documents. Attention is paid to the impact of natural and sociocultural conditions on the transformation of nature management and lifestyle. It was established that the factors of neighborhood and characterized by strip farming living with the Russian population contributed to the borrowing of agriculture only when the natural environment allowed it and there were accompanying circumstances, such as the loss of deer, and the reduced economic potential of the nomadic collective. Two main types of economic acculturation with stability and efficiency have been identified. The acculturation of Lower Ilim Evenki is considered on the basis of archival sources. The novelty of the work consists in the introduction into the scientific circulation of documents that allow you to reconstruct the course of economic and social changes - from the traditional commercial-reindeer herding lifestyle to settled lifestyle and a change in ethnic self-identification. It is noted that the attention to the mixed Evenki-Russian population from the side of researchers of the 1920s was associated with the search for theoretical positions for the transformation of the native economy.

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

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