Climatic Variability and Wet Season Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Production  in North-West Bangladesh

Climate change is influencing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in some agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. The impact of seasonal climatic variability on rainfed lowland rice (transplanted aman or T. Aman) yield in north-west Bangladesh was analyzed based on historic weather data from 1971 to 2010. Wet season maximum and minimum temperatures were increasing by 0.0174 and 0.0083°C year-1, respectively. Sunshine hours for the same period have decreased by 0.0259-0.027 hr year-1. The representative concentration pathway (RCP) based projection showed increased maximum and minimum temperatures by 0.42-1.51 and 0.79-1.34°C, respectively in 2050. T. Aman rice yield could be reduced by 0.17-0.37 t ha-1 if temperature rises by 1°C. If sunshine hour decreases by 1 hr, yield reduction could be 0.20 t ha-1. Combined effect of increased minimum temperature and decreased sunshine hours will govern T. Aman rice yield in future.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 68-80

Download Full-text

Growth and yield performance of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) under seaweed extract and inorganic fertilizer

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Helen Grace Guillermo Sebastian

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Seaweed Extract ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

State University ◽

Wet Season ◽

The Impact

A field experiment was conducted once at Isabela State University, Jones, Isabela, Philippines during the wet season of 2018 to determine the impact of seaweed extract added with varying levels of inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. In the study, five fertilizer levels and a farmer’s practice as a control combined with seaweed extract was used. The study used Randomized Blocks in a Factorial Scheme with six treatments replicated thrice as follows: Factor A: V1-Pinilisa, V2-Palawan and Factor B: F1-150-100 kg NP ha-1 (Farmer’s Practice), F2-40-10 kg NP ha-1 (100% Recommended Rate), F3-20-5 kg NP ha-1 (50% Recommended Rate), F4-40-10 kg NP ha-1 + 3 L/ha. Seaweed extract, F5-20-5 kg NP ha-1 + 3 L/ha. Seaweed extract and F6-3L/ha. Seaweed Extract. The findings revealed that seaweed extract combined with inorganic fertilizer application influenced the growth and yield of rice. Pinilisa cultivar obtained a higher yield compared to the Palawan cultivar. The combination of seaweed extract and inorganic fertilizer shows highly significant differences especially concerning the number of productive tillers, filled grains, 1000 grain weight and straw weight. The return on investment showed that Pinilisa cultivar fertilized with 3 L seaweed extract is more economical in upland rice obtaining the highest with 95.47%. Seaweed extract as foliar fertilizer can be applied not only in rice but also in other crops. Application of seaweed extract on rice can reduce the amount of fertilizers.

Download Full-text

The impact of iron plaque on La and Nd uptake and translocation in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.1016/j.chnaes.2017.11.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 210-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhongjun Hu ◽

Shulan Jin ◽

Yizong Huang ◽

Ying Hu ◽

Wei Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Iron Plaque ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

The impact of light quality and leaf wetness on photosynthesis in north-west Andean tropical montane cloud forest

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467405002488 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 549-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Matthew Guy Letts ◽

Mark Mulligan

Keyword(s):

Cloud Forest ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Leaf Wetness ◽

Total Solar Radiation ◽

Wet Season ◽

Lowland Rain Forest ◽

North West ◽

Montane Cloud Forest ◽

The Impact ◽

Trees And Shrubs

Photosynthesis was limited by low-intensity photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and leaf wetness in a lower montane cloud forest (LMCF) of Cauca, Colombia. Mean PAR intensity remained below the saturation level for leaf-scale net photosynthesis (Pn) throughout the solar day during the wet season and for most of the solar day during the dry season. PAR represented a smaller fraction of total solar radiation (K↓) in LMCF than in lowland rain forest (LRF). In LMCF trees and shrubs, mean PAR-saturated Pn ranged from 4.3–10.6 μmol C m−2 s−1 at 1450 m, and from 3.5–10.2 μmol C m−2 s−1 at 2150 m. Pn was reduced by abaxial wetness in leaves of some trees and shrubs, and eliminated in others. This study indicates that persistent cloudiness and interception of cloud water by leaves limit LMCF productivity.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity analysis in indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) using resistance genes linked markers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-217763/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khannetah K. R . ◽

Ramchander S. ◽

Andrew Peter Leon M. T ◽

Shobha D. ◽

Saravanan S. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Lesion Length ◽

R Genes ◽

Leaf Clipping ◽

Moderately Resistant

Abstract Among rice ( Oryza sativa L.) diseases, bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryza pv. Oryzae , plays a pivotal role in decreasing rice yield. BB is reported to be the most serious constraint to improving rice yield. The present investigation assessed the potentiality of bacterial blight resistance and molecular characterization of 100 rice accessions for four major BB resistance genes, viz., Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 . Disease screening was carried out under glasshouse conditions using a BB culture isolated from BB-infected rice fields through the leaf clipping method. Analyses of 13 BB resistance genes linked with polymorphic microsatellites markers indicated the presence of single-, two-, three- and four-gene combinations of xa5, xa13, Xa4 and Xa21 . We found four accessions to be resistant; 34 accessions to be moderately resistant; 49 accessions to be moderately susceptible and 13 accessions to be susceptible. Among the resistant lines, IR12L110, Namcheonbyeo, Dhalaheera and SahbhagiDhan recorded a minimum lesion length of 3.7cm, 4.2cm, 4.67cm and 8.3 cm, respectively. Phylogenetic tree, constructed using molecular data, grouped the rice germplasm into four major clusters. R genes xa 5 and Xa4 contributed 14 positive compatible R genes, each belonging to 28 germplasm for BB resistance. The potential genetic resources identified as resistant to BB can be used as donors for the improvement of rice BB resistance in rice breeding programs.

Download Full-text

Reexamination of the Influence of Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Infestations on Rice Yield and Quality

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 1248-1253

Author(s):

Blake E Wilson ◽

Michael J Stout

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

The United States ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Oebalus Pugnax ◽

The Impact ◽

Sweep Net ◽

Panicle Weight

Abstract The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), is the most important pest of headed rice, Oryza sativa L., in the United States. Numerous studies have attempted to quantify the impact of O. pugnax feeding on rice yield and grain quality, but these studies have often produced conflicting results. Across mid-south U.S. rice, thresholds based on sweep net sampling are used to determine the need for insecticide applications, but few studies have related sweep net captures to rice quality parameters. Field trials were conducted in Louisiana in 2015 and 2016 that used different rates of insecticides to establish rice plots with mean O. pugnax infestations ranging from 0.8 to 24.6 insects per 10 sweeps. Insecticide applications improved panicle weight and head yields as well as decreased percentage peck. A series of linear regressions examined relationships between O. pugnax captures and rice yield and quality parameters, including panicle weight, head yield (% whole kernels), and peck (discolored grains). Mean O. pugnax sweep net captures across all sampling dates in both years were significantly and negatively correlated to panicle weight and head yield and positively correlated to percentage peck. Peck was negatively correlated with head yield. Results from sampling at different maturity stages indicate sweep net captures at grain fill and soft dough stages had the greatest influence on rice yield and quality parameters, respectively. Further research into impacts of milling quality reductions on farm revenue and the influence of cumulative infestations over grain development is needed to improve economic thresholds for O. pugnax in rice.

Download Full-text

Near Real-Time Biophysical Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield Estimation to Support Crop Insurance Implementation in India

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1674

Author(s):

Ponraj Arumugam ◽

Abel Chemura ◽

Bernhard Schauberger ◽

Christoph Gornott

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Real Time ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Crop Insurance ◽

Weather Data ◽

Insurance Scheme ◽

Agricultural Income

Immediate yield loss information is required to trigger crop insurance payouts, which are important to secure agricultural income stability for millions of smallholder farmers. Techniques for monitoring crop growth in real-time and at 5 km spatial resolution may also aid in designing price interventions or storage strategies for domestic production. In India, the current government-backed PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana) insurance scheme is seeking such technologies to enable cost-efficient insurance premiums for Indian farmers. In this study, we used the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) to estimate yield and yield anomalies at 5 km spatial resolution for Kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) over India between 2001 and 2017. We calibrated the model using publicly available data: namely, gridded weather data, nutrient applications, sowing dates, crop mask, irrigation information, and genetic coefficients of staple varieties. The model performance over the model calibration years (2001–2015) was exceptionally good, with 13 of 15 years achieving more than 0.7 correlation coefficient (r), and more than half of the years with above 0.75 correlation with observed yields. Around 52% (67%) of the districts obtained a relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE) of less than 20% (25%) after calibration in the major rice-growing districts (>25% area under cultivation). An out-of-sample validation of the calibrated model in Kharif seasons 2016 and 2017 resulted in differences between state-wise observed and simulated yield anomalies from –16% to 20%. Overall, the good ability of the model in the simulations of rice yield indicates that the model is applicable in selected states of India, and its outputs are useful as a yield loss assessment index for the crop insurance scheme PMFBY.

Download Full-text

Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Cd Phytotoxicity and Bioaccumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17092979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 2979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Jinghua Long ◽

Jianmin Geng ◽

Jie Li ◽

Zhongyi Wei

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Plant Height ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Engineered Nanoparticles ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Booting Stage ◽

Tio2 Nps ◽

The Impact

The impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on the migration and toxicity of coexisting pollutants is still unclear, especially in soil media. This study aims to evaluate the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on the phytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Oryza sativa L., and the migration of cadmium (Cd) in the soil-rice system. Three different Cd stress groups (C1 group: 1.0 mg kg−1, C2 group: 2.5 mg kg−1 and C3 group: 5.0 mg kg−1) were set in the pot experiment, and the target concentration of TiO2 NPs in each group were 0 mg kg−1 (T0), 50 mg kg−1 (T1), 100 mg kg−1 (T2) and 500 mg kg−1 (T3). Plant height and biomass decreased with the increasing of Cd content in paddy soil. TiO2 NPs could lower the phytotoxicity of Cd in terms of the changes in the morphological and biochemical characteristics, especially in the tillering and booting stage. In the tillering stage, TiO2 NPs addition caused a significant increase in plant height, biomass and the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of Oryza saliva L. In the booting stage, TiO2 NPs addition caused a 15% to 32% and 24% to 48% reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) content for the C2 and C3 group, respectively, compared to that of the respective control treatment (T0). TiO2-NPs addition reduced the activity of peroxidase (POD) in the leaves in the booting and heading stage, and the activity of catalase (CAT) in the tillering stage. In the C1 and C2 group, the grain Cd content in the 100 and 500 mg kg−1 TiO2 NPs treatments reached 0.47–0.84 mg kg−1, obviously higher than that of the treatment without TiO2 NPs (0.27–0.32 mg kg−1), suggesting that TiO2-NPs could promote Cd migration in the soil-rice system.

Download Full-text

WEATHER SENSITIVITY OF RICE YIELD: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA

Climate Change Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010007814500110 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 1450011 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

ANUBHAB PATTANAYAK ◽

K. S. KAVI KUMAR

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Weather Data ◽

Weather Sensitivity ◽

Daily Weather Data ◽

Level Information ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

The Impact

This study estimates the weather sensitivity of rice yield in India, using disaggregated (district) level information on rice and high resolution daily weather data over the period 1969–2007. Compared to existing India specific studies on rice which consider only the effects of nighttime (minimum) temperature, the present study takes into account the effects of both nighttime and daytime (maximum) temperatures along with other weather variables on rice yield. The results suggest that both nighttime and daytime temperatures adversely affect rice during different growth phases. The effect of higher nighttime temperature on rice yield was much lower than those estimated by previous studies. Further, the negative impact of higher daytime temperature on rice yield was much larger than the impact due to higher nighttime temperature. The study further estimates that average rice yield would have been 8.4% higher had the pre-1960 climatic conditions prevailed during the period of study. This translates into an annual average loss of 4.4 million tons/yr or a cumulative loss of 172 million tons over the 39 year period for India. The paper argues that such significant loss in rice production under climate change conditions in future will have strong implications for the region's food-security and poverty, given that a large number of producers and consumers depend on rice for their livelihood and sustenance.

Download Full-text