scholarly journals Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mahfuzar Rahman ◽  
Sazia Huq ◽  
Sardar Mahmud Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level

Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This descriptive type of cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptive was more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reason for the non use was intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18767 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 14-18

scholarly journals Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atiqur Rahman ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
M R Siddiqui ◽  
J A Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background: Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49. This study was conducted to investigate socio-demographic characteristics, type of used contraceptive method, reasons for non use of contraceptive methods and also the side effects due to use of contraceptive method among the married women in some villages of Keranigonj Upazila, Dhaka. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29±6.5 years with the mean age at marriage of 17.18±2.7 years. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptives were more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). No statistical association was found between the use of contraceptive method and educational status of the respondents and their husband. Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reasons for the non use were intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Conclusion: Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19852 J Medicine 2014; 15: 9-13

scholarly journals Contraceptive Practice Among the Married Women of Reproductive Age in the Garments Factory

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
Md. Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md. Mahfuzar Rahman ◽  
Jasmin Ara Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
The Mean

Background: Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This study was conducted to investigate the pattern of contraceptive practices among the married women of reproductive age in the garments factory. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from January to June,2012 in the garments factory of Dhaka city . Data were collected on a pre-tested questionnaire by face to face interview. SPSS version 16 was used to analyzed the data. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant for inference. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29±6.5 years with the mean age at marriage of 17.18±2.7 years. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptives were more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). No statistical association was found between the use of contraceptive method and educational status of the respondents and their husband. Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reasons for the non use were intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Conclusion: Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among garments workers despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-2, January 2013, Page 282-289 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i2.15168

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Uprety ◽  
I S Poudel ◽  
A Ghimire ◽  
M Poudel ◽  
S Bhattrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods. 

scholarly journals Contraceptive prevalence rate in women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Umme Kulsoom Khattak ◽  
Saima Perwaiz Iqbal ◽  
Ahmed Abdullah ◽  
Ayesha Chowhan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Objective: To determine the prevalence of utilization of family planning methods among married women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was done using two stage sampling, including cluster and consecutive sampling techniques. A proportionate sample from each mohallas of Nurpur Shahan was taken to achieve our sample size. All married women of the reproductive age group (15-45 years) living with their husbands, not diagnosed as a case of infertility and permanent residents of Nurpur Shahan were included. Results: Total of 550 women were included in the study with mean age of 31.64 years. Majority of women 497 (94.7%) were currently married while 322 (59.9 %) were literate. Of all the women, 72 (13.2%) women were currently pregnant and only 62 (11.3%) had a planned pregnancy. Induced abortion was practiced once by 9 (1.8%) women and 21 (4.1%) had done it twice. 394 (72.8%) had knowledge of family planning methods and only 102 (19.5%) women were using family Planning methods currently. Conclusion: Miscellaneous challenges are involved to increase involvement of the women and their families in the use of family planning services. Health education campaigns at community level to increase awareness regarding different family planning methods are highly needed. Government needs to improve the LHWs services to increase the use of family planning methods and combat induced abortions as a method of contraception. Controlling population through sterilization after attaining a large family size should not be the preferred method of family Planning.

scholarly journals Trends in contraceptive demands and unmet need for family planning in migrant population of Uttarakhand

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhna Singh ◽  
Neha Priya ◽  
Debabrata Roy ◽  
Anurag Srivastava ◽  
Surekha Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Traditional Methods

Background: The knowledge of contraceptive use and unmet need is important to know the constraints for unmet need based on user perspective. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of Contraceptive use, Contraceptive preferred and the Un-met demand for contraceptives. Methods: Married, non-pregnant women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) from the migrant population were interviewed by Census method using pre-designed and pre-tested instrument by cross-sectional survey. Operational definitions for unmet need for spacing, limiting and unfelt need used in the study were as per NFHS -4 findings and traditional methods of contraception like abstinence, withdrawal were included in Un-met need for contraceptive due to its very high failure rate. Results: 58.44% study subjects had ‘Ever Used FP’ and 56.78% are currently using FP methods. The CPR is 56.7% by ‘Any Method’ and 43.0% by ‘Modern method’. The method which is most popular is ‘Sterlisation 29% and 20.96% and ‘Others’ i.e. highly unreliable methods like coitus interruptus, calendar method etc. found high number of users. The reasons for non use were apprehension of complication/side effects in 39%) and inconvenience or the difficulties with modern contraceptive methods or lack of knowledge by 7.67% and 6.95% respectively, 16% were relied on traditional methods, such as periodic abstinence, withdrawal and herbal mixtures from traditional healers as well as LAM 8% for a FP method, all of which have high failure rate. Only 24.8% Women were decision maker regarding the time and type of contraceptive to be used. The unmet need was 29.7% out of which the unmet needs for spacing and limiting were 9.6 per cent and 20.1 per cent, respectivelyConclusions: The unmet need is high and can be addressed by removing the constraints such as poor accessibility to the knowledge thus removing apprehension for side effects, improve accessibility to resources and low decision-making autonomy. 

scholarly journals Desire to Limit Childbearing and Its Associated Factors Among Married Women: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Survey In Karachi, Pakistan 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shama Razzaq ◽  
Saleem Jessani ◽  
Sumera Aziz Ali ◽  
Zahid Abbsai ◽  
Sarah Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Squatter Settlements ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Child Bearing

Abstract Background: Increasing population growth and uneven distribution of scarce resources is a hurdle for country’s economic growth. Hence, we aim to determine desire to limit child bearing and factors associated with limiting child bearing among currently married women aged 15 to 49 years residing in squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods:A multistage cluster, cross sectional survey was conducted in randomly selected households of urban squatter settlements of Karachi. A total of 4,485 married, non-pregnant, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and adapted Operational framework of “Pullum 1980” to determine potential factors associated with limiting family size. Outcome of interest was defined as a desire to limit childbearing among married women of reproductive age group. Multivariable regression was performed using SPSS version 13.0. Results:The median age of participants was 30 years (IQR 25-35 years) and the median number of living children was 3 (IQR 2-4). Of 4485 women, 2109 (47%) expressed desire to limit childbearing in future. Multivariable logistic regression showed that women of 18 to 27 years and 28 to 37 years (AOR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.19-0.39 and AOR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.47 respectively), illiterate (AOR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21-0.53), and low wealth quintile (AOR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.57), not using any contraceptive method (AOR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.63), sons less than daughters (AOR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.87), were less likely to limit childbearing. Women who practiced autonomy (AOR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08-1.41) and perceived ideal family size as ≤ 2 children (AOR 2.62, 95% CI: 2.07-3.32) were more likely to limit childbearing.Conclusion:Age, education, low wealth quintile, having sons, autonomy and usage of contraceptives were determining factors of women’s desire for limiting childbearing. Behavior modification strategies should be devised to modify fertility intentions among women to increase contraceptive use and fertility decline.

scholarly journals Changes in the Contraceptive Practice among the Women of Reproductive Age in a Selected Hospital of Dhaka City

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Shahnaz Begum ◽  
Shah Alam ◽  
Tahmina Tamanna
Keyword(s):  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Family planning is an essential tool for reducing fertility rate. An increase in contraceptive prevalence rate results in reduction of population growth, which in turn contributes significantly to the improvement of people's health. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive type of study carried out among the married women attending in the gynaeout patient department of MARKS Medical College and Hospital. This study was conducted from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014. Sample size was 250 which were selected purposively.Reproductive history was used as research instrument for data collection. Data was collected by face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Among 250 married women 156(62%) women practicing contraceptives. Majority 45.6% of the respondents were in the age group of 25-29 yrs. Among the respondents housewives 36%, service holder 64% and 38.4% were educated. About 42.8% respondents had 2 child followed by 3 children 36% & only 1.6% had 4 children. 100% respondents had knowledge about oral pill and barrier method. Among the contraceptive users 35.8% respondents accepted OCP followed by barrier method 33.3%, IUCD users were 16.7%, 7.7% respondents used injectables, 6.4% were natural method user and only 1.2% used emergency pills. Maximum 59% respondents were using contraceptives for less than one year, only 4.5% were using contraceptive of different methods for 10 years. Fertility rate, menstruation regulation is lower among servicing women. Education, empowerment and social position of women help to reduce fertility.Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 33-36

scholarly journals Unmet Need for Family Planning among Urban and Rural Married Women in Yangon Region, Myanmar—a Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myint Myint Wai ◽  
Espen Bjertness ◽  
Hein Stigum ◽  
Thein Thein Htay ◽  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Despite increasing contraceptive use and prevalence, many women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy are not using contraceptives. This results in unintended pregnancies, which increases the risk of unsafe abortions. This study aimed to explore the extent of the unmet need for family planning (FP) among urban and rural married women in Myanmar and their demand for and satisfaction with FP. A cross-sectional survey using adapted Demographic and Health surveys questions was conducted in south and north Yangon from September 2016 to November 2016. A total of 1100 currently married women of 18–49 years participated. The contraceptive prevalence was 67.2% in total, 63% urban, and 70% rural. About 19.4% (95% CI: 16.7%–22.4%) of the studied women had an unmet need for FP, significantly higher in urban than rural women (22.6% versus 16.6%). Rural women also showed significant lesser odds (adjusted OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.461–0.849) of unmet need than the urban counterparts. About 86% of the women had demand for contraception and 77% of them satisfied their demand. The study population revealed a fairly good contraceptive coverage; however, a considerable proportion of women had an unmet need for FP, especially the urban women. The demand for contraception is increasing, and contraceptive services need to expand coverage to marginalized groups in order to reduce the risk of unsafe abortions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Contraceptive Used by Married Couples in Chattogram Hill Tracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Farzana Zafreen ◽  
Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdur Razzak ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Bangladesh is a densely populated country with high fertility rate. Contraception is an essential method for reducing fertility rate. Use of contraceptive depends on couples’ socio-cultural, education and economic condition. Chattogram hill tract is the least economically developed area where, education and health care facilities are hard to reach. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of contraceptive used bymarried couples of selected rural community of Khagrachari District. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017on 300married women age ranging from 15 to 45 years reported to outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital,Guimara,Khagrachari were selectedpurposively after informed written consent.All the necessary data were collected in a pretested structured questionnaire by face to face interview. Results: Among the 300 respondents highest 42.7% was in age group of 15-25 years, 60% were married for more than 10 years, 38.3% were illiterate, 89.7% were housewives and 55.7% had monthly family income between five to ten thousands taka. Respondents’ ethnicity was Bengali 51.7%, Marma 18.3%, Tripura 18.7% and Chakma 34(11. 3%). About 53% respondents were using contraceptives among them95.6% were using temporary methods;60.4% oral contraceptive pill followed by injectable 15.8% and condom 9.4%. Barrier to contraceptives use was fear of side effects 21.9% followed by husbands’ non co-operation 24.9% and religious bar 22.7%. Conclusion: Prevalence of contraceptive use in Chattogram Hill Tract is lower than the overall rate of the country. Appropriate measure should be taken to increase the contraceptive use rate so that total fertility can be controlled. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 120-122

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