scholarly journals Etiology of Respiratory Distress in Newborn – Experience in BIRDEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Afroza Haque ◽  
MA Baki ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Shahida Akhter ◽  
Suraiya Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Preterm Babies

Objectives: Respiratory distress is one of the most common causes of admission in Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There are many causes of respiratory distress, among them, transient tachypnoea of newborn, respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal asphyxia are commonest causes. The aim of this study was to identify the etiology of respiratory distress in special care baby unit (SCABU) in BIRDEM General Hospital and to observe the immediate hospital outcome of these babies. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in SCABU, BIRDEM. Data were collected from all patients files admitted in to SCABU during the period from January to December 2011. Results: A total of 562 patients were admitted, among them 192 cases were admitted due to respiratory distress (34.1%). There was male predominance (64.6%). Two third (65.6%) babies were inborn and majority (84.4%) were born by caesarian section and preterm babies were more (65.6%). The commonest causes of respiratory distress in our study were transient tachypnea of newborn (43.2%), respiratory distress syndrome (30.2%), perinatal asphyxia (25%), septicaemia (16.1%) congenital pneumonia (11.9%), congenital heart disease (10.4%). All babies required oxygen initially, subsequently mechanical ventilation and Bubble CPAP was required in 48 (25.0%) and 8(04.1%) cases respectively. Mortality was 16.7% and was highest in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (71.8%) followed by septicaemia (40.6%) and perinatal asphyxia (37.3%). Among neonates requiring mechanical ventilation 56.2% died. Conclusion: Transient tachypnoea of newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), perinatal asphyxia and septicaemia were the common etiology for respiratory distress. Mortality was very high in RDS and septicaemia. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(1): 19-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i1.17122

scholarly journals Spectrum of Respiratory Distress in Newborn: A Study From a Tertiary Care Military Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Biplob Kumar Raha ◽  
Md Julfikkar Alam ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Quddus Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
High Flow Oxygen

Introduction: Respiratory distress (RD) is a common problem in neonatal period. It is an important cause of neonatal mortality. There are many causes of respiratory distress, among them, transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal asphyxia are commonest causes. Timely and appropriate therapy is essential to prevent ongoing injury and improve outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to identify the causes of respiratory distress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Combined Military hospital (CMH) Sylhet and to observe the hospital outcome of these babies. Material and Methods: A descriptive type of crosssectional study was conducted in CMH Sylhet over a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. All live newborns delivered at CMH Sylhet during the study period were included and observed for development of respiratory distress. Results: All newborns (n=287), delivered at this hospital over the period of 12 months, were observed for respiratory distress. The overall prevalence of respiratory distress was 19.2 %. Prevalence was 10.8 % in full term, 7.3 % in preterm and 1.1% in post term. There was male predominance (54.5%) and two third (71.1%) were born by cesarean section. Transient tachypnea of newborn was found to be the commonest 47.3% cause of respiratory distress followed by respiratory distress syndrome 29.1%, perinatal asphyxia (10.9%), congenital pneumonia 3.6%, congenital heart disease 3.6%, septicaemia 3.6% and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) 1.9%. All babies required high flow oxygen initially, subsequently Bubble CPAP and mechanical ventilation was required in 8 (14.5%) and 1(1.8%) cases respectively. Mortality was 1.8% in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome with pneumothorax with septicaemia requiring mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: In this series, RDS in newborn majority of cases were due to TTN followed by respiratory distress syndrome and perinatal asphyxia. Mortality was mainly related to pneumothorax with septicaemia, RDS was more common in births related to caesarian section. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(1): 4-8

scholarly journals Immediate Outcome of Mechanically Ventilated Neonates: Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Amrita Lal Halder ◽  
Md Abdul Baki ◽  
Nazmun Nahar ◽  
Tahmina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Common Complication

Background: A large number of neonates in intensive care unit require mechanical ventilation due to various disease conditions. There has been a dramatic fall in neonatal mortality in developed countries with the advent of mechanical ventilation and the concept of neonatal intensive care. But still fatality rate is very high in developing countries. So, this study or was done to identify the immediate hospital outcome of the neonates who required mechanical ventilation.Methods: This study was done in Special Care Baby Unit, BIRDEM General Hospital from July 2009 to June 2010. All neonates requiring mechanical ventilation during the study period were prospectively enrolled in this study. During the time of mechanical ventilation neonates were followed up to observe any complication till discharge or death.Results: Total 37 neonates were enrolled in the study. Among them 27 (73%) were preterm and 30 (81%) were low birth weight. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common reason for ventilation accounting for 17 (45.9%) cases. The other indications were perinatal asphyxia (9, 24.3%), congenital pneumonia (5, 13.5%), septicemia (5, 13.5%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (1, 2.7%). The most common complication during the period of ventilation was septicemia (14, 37.8%). Other complication included pneumothorax (6, 16.2%), acute renal failure (5, 13.3%), pneumonia (5, 13.3%), pulmonary hemorrhage (3, 8.1%), intraventricular hemorrhage (2, 5.4%) and heart failure (2, 5.4%). The fatality rate was 38% and most of the infant died of perinatal asphyxia (5, 35.7%), septicemia (4, 28.5%), respiratory distress syndrome (3, 21.5%) and congenital pneumonia (2, 14.3%).Conclusion: Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common reason for mechanical ventilation followed by perinatal asphyxia and septicemia. Most common complication during mechanical ventilation was septicemia which was also a common cause of death. Another important cause of death was perinatal asphyxiaBirdem Med J 2016; 6(1): 22-25

scholarly journals Study Of The Outcome Of Early And Late Rescue Surfactant Administration In Preterm Babies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayachandra Naidu T ◽  
Kireeti AS ◽  
Lokesh B ◽  
Shankar Reddy Dudala
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Surfactant Therapy ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surfactant Replacement Therapy ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Surfactant Administration

Introduction: Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm. It is the commonest indication for ventilation in neonates in India. Surfactant Replacement Therapy (SRT) for RDS is a major breakthrough that has revolutionized the survival of premature infants worldwide. Randomized controlled trials have also demonstrated that prophylactic or early surfactant therapy compared with delayed surfactant treatment results in improved outcomes for preterm infants at high risk. Objective: To assess the outcome of early and late rescue surfactant administration by InSuRE (Intubation, Surfactant and Rapid Extubation) technic in managing preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methodology: Study design: Prospective analytical study. Sample size: 144 preterm babies between 28-34 weeks of GA. Setting: Level III NICU at SVRR Government General Hospital, Tirupati, AP. Study Period: 1 year (Sep 2013 to Aug 2014). Method: All preterm babies between 28-34 weeks with respiratory distress were given surfactant with InSuRE technic immediately and categorized into early and late rescue group depending on the time of surfactant therapy i.e. within 2 hrs. of life and between 2-24 hrs. of life respectively. Results: In early rescue group there is significant reduction in mortality and lessen the need of mechanical ventilation with p value <0.05. Conclusion: Early routine surfactant administration within 2 hrs. of life as compared to late selective administration significantly reduced the need mechanical ventilation within 7th day of life and mortality among preterm with respiratory distress syndrome.

scholarly journals Hematologic Profiles of Ethiopian Preterm Infants With Clinical Diagnoses of Early-Onset Sepsis, Perinatal Asphyxia, and Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2096026
Author(s):  
Zemene Tigabu Kebede ◽  
Yohannes Hailu Matebe ◽  
Abayneh Girma Demisse ◽  
Mulugeta Ayalew Yimer ◽  
Amha Mekasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Hematologic Profile

Objective. To determine the hematologic profile of preterm infants with regard to different diseases. Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, conducted in 5 hospitals in Ethiopia from July 2016 to May 2018. Preterm babies <7 days of age were included and investigated with complete blood counts (CBC) and other investigations, accordingly. Results. Out of 4919 preterms, 3852 (78.3%) were admitted to a newborn intensive care unit, and of these, 68.3% had a CBC performed. The mean values of hemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were 17.9 mg/dL; 12 685 cells/mm3, and 159 340 cells/mm3, respectively. Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) 1433 (37%), asphyxia 266 (6.9%), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 1738 (45.3%) were common reasons for admission. The WBC count was <5000 cells/mm3 for 8.8%, 9.0%, and 11.1% of neonates with EONS, asphyxia and RDS, respectively. The hemoglobin value was <7 mg/dL for 0.6%, 1.7%, and 0.4% of preterm infants with EONS, asphyxia, and RDS, respectively. The platelet count was <50 000 cells/mm3 for 16.8%, 17.7%, and 19.8% of preterms admitted with a diagnosis of EONS, asphyxia, and RDS, respectively. Conclusion. WBC and platelet counts were the most common to be associated with EONS, asphyxia, and RDS. Further study is recommended to determine the effect of abnormal hematologic profile on the outcome of preterm babies.

scholarly journals The Time to Initiate Trophic Feeding and Its Predictors Among Preterm Neonate Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Multicenter Study, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Adimasu ◽  
Yilikal Tafere ◽  
Teodros Eshetie ◽  
Bekalu Endalew ◽  
Ermias Abebaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Trophic Feeding

Abstract Background: Trophic feeding is a small volume, hypo-caloric feeding, gut priming or minimal enteral feeding acclimate the immature gut of enteral fasting preterm neonates. Delayed starting of trophic feeding had resulted in short and long-term physical and neurological sequels. The current study aimed to assess time to initiate trophic feeding and its predictors among preterm neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Debre Markos, Felege Hiwot, and Tibebe Ghion comprehensive specialized hospitals.Methods: An institutional-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among 210 neonates. The data were collected with interview and chart review, entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to Stata 14.1 for analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to identify predictors of time to initiate trophic feeding. Result: A total of 210 neonates were followed for 10136 person-hours of risk time and 191 (90.95%) of neonates were started trophic feeding. The overall incidence of starting trophic feeding was 2 per 100 (95% CI: 2, 2.2) person-hours observations. The median survival time was 42 hours (95% CI: 36, 48). APGAR- score at first minute <7 (AHR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.82), gestational age of <34 weeks (AHR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.5, 0.94), presence of respiratory distress syndrome (AHR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.68), presence of hemodynamic instability (AHR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.57), presence of perinatal asphyxia (AHR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89), cesarean section delivery (AHR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 89) and being delivered within the study hospitals (AHR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.74) were found to be statistically significant predictors of time to initiate trophic feeding.Conclusion: There was a significant delay to initiate trophic feeding in the studied hospitals. Gestational age of below 34 weeks, APGAR-score of less than seven, out-born delivery, cesarean delivery, presence of respiratory distress syndrome; perinatal asphyxia, and hemodynamic instability were predictors of delay in starting of trophic feeding. Standardized feeding guideline has to be implemented to overcome delays in enteral feeding initiation.

scholarly journals Assistência fisioterapêutica em prematuros com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório: uma revisão de literatura

Scire Salutis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Simone Amancio Teles ◽  
Marineth Ferreira de Carvalho Teixeira ◽  
Daniela Maristane Vieira Lopes Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

A Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório (SDR) é um distúrbio que acomete principalmente os recém-nascidos prematuros pela imaturidade pulmonar, resultante da deficiência ou inativação do surfactante. O surfactante é uma substância lipoprotéica produzida pelas células pneumócitos tipo II e armazenado nos corpos lamelares para, posteriormente, ser liberado no espaço alveolar, sintetizado a partir da 20º semana de gestação, com pico de produção por volta da 35º semana. A função do surfactante é diminuir a tensão superficial dos alvéolos, evitando o colabamento na expiração. Quanto menor a idade gestacional de nascimento, maior o risco de desenvolver a SDR. A prematuridade e a imaturidade do sistema respiratório levam à maior necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo, oxigenioterapia, assistência fisioterapêutica e internação na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. A fisioterapia respiratória tem papel importante na manutenção da permeabilidade das vias aéreas, prevenção de complicações respiratórias, promoção da higiene brônquica, otimização da reexpansão pulmonar, posicionamento adequado e vigilância nos ajustes dos parâmetros da ventilação mecânica invasiva e não invasiva. Este estudo tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica para identificar as estratégias terapêuticas respiratórias utilizadas pelo fisioterapeuta na assistência ao recém-nascido prematuro com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório. Para este fim, fizemos um levantamento de artigos científicos em bases de dados eletrônicos como SciELO, LILACS, Google Acadêmico e PubMed, através dos cognatos ‘Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório’, ‘prematuros’, ‘unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal’, ‘fisioterapia’ e ‘ventilação mecânica’, e seus correlatos em inglês ‘Respiratory Distress Syndrome’, ‘premature infants’, ‘neonatal intensive care unit’, e ‘physical therapy and mechanical ventilation’. A assistência fisioterapêutica a neonatos prematuros com SDR na UTIN é imprescindível para o sucesso da terapêutica e melhora progressiva da função pulmonar até a alta. O fisioterapeuta deve exercer um plano de tratamento integral e humanizado indo desde o ajuste ventilatório invasivo e não invasivo a execução de manobras terapêuticas, posicionamento e cuidados com a ocorrência de sequelas como hemorragia intraperiventricular e displasia broncopulmonar que podem comprometer o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e qualidade de vida após alta hospitalar.

scholarly journals Indication and short term outcome of Mechanical Ventilation in Neonates in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Zabrul SM Haque ◽  
Md Abdul Mannan ◽  
Mahmuda Nasrin ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Mechanical ventilation of newborn has been practiced for several years with advances in many ways. As compared to the western world, neonatal ventilation in our country started in recent years.Subjects, Methods and Results: A retrospective chart review was conducted to analyze the common indications and outcome of neonates requiring mechanical ventilation in neonatal intensive care unit at Ad-Din Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to July 2013. Fifty eight neonates were ventilated over a period of 19 months of whom 39 (67.24%) survived. Respiratory distress syndrome was the commonest indication for ventilation (32.75%), followed by Perinatal asphyxia (18.96%), Pneumonia (13.79%), Neonatal Sepsis (13.79%), Meconium aspiration syndrome 6(10.16%) & Pneumothorax 6 (10.16%). Among the babies who survived, 35(89.74%) were managed solely with conventional ventilator and 4 babies required both conventional and High Frequency Oscillatory (HFOV) ventilation. Survival rate was higher where birth weight >2500gm (76.19%) and gestational age 34-37 weeks (88.88%). Survival rates was (69.23%) in <30 weeks and 60% in <1000 g. Prolong ventilator support was needed for Respiratory Distress Syndrome without surfactant (mean 254 hrs), Perinatal asphyxia (mean 187hrs) and Neonatal sepsis (mean 187hrs). Common complications were Pneumonia (12.06%), Pneumothorax (10.34%), sepsis (8.6%) & Pulmonary hemorrhage (3.4%). Survival rate was higher in babies requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (84.21%).Conclusion: Use of surfactant could decrease the duration of ventilation and mortality further in babies with respiratory distress syndrome.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(1) 2017 p.24-28

scholarly journals Non-invasive duo positive airway pressure ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Malakian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Aramesh ◽  
Mina Agahin ◽  
Masoud Dehdashtian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

Abstract Background The most common cause of respiratory failure in premature infants is respiratory distress syndrome. Historically, respiratory distress syndrome has been treated by intratracheal surfactant injection followed by mechanical ventilation. In view of the risk of pulmonary injury associated with mechanical ventilation and subsequent chronic pulmonary lung disease, less invasive treatment modalities have been suggested to reduce pulmonary complications. Methods 148 neonates (with gestational age of 28 to 34 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz in 2018 were enrolled in this clinical trial study. 74 neonates were assigned to duo positive airway pressure (NDUOPAP) group and 74 neonates to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) group. The primary outcome in this study was failure of N-DUOPAP and NCPAP treatments within the first 72 h after birth and secondary outcomes included treatment complications. Results there was not significant difference between DUOPAP (4.1 %) and NCPAP (8.1 %) in treatment failure at the first 72 h of birth (p = 0.494), but non-invasive ventilation time was less in the DUOPAP group (p = 0.004). There were not significant differences in the frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), apnea and mortality between the two groups. Need for repeated doses of surfactant (p = 0.042) in the NDUOPAP group was significantly lower than that of the NCPAP group. The duration of oxygen therapy in the NDUOPAP group was significantly lower than that of the NCPAP group (p = 0.034). Also, the duration of hospitalization in the NDUOPAP group was shorter than that of the NCPAP group (p = 0.002). Conclusions In the present study, DUOPAP compared to NCPAP did not reduce the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 72 h of birth, but the duration of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen demand, the need for multiple doses of surfactant and length of stay in the DUOPAP group were less than those in the CPAP group. Trial registration IRCT20180821040847N1, Approved on 2018-09-10.

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