scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Bacterial flora in a Tannery Polluted Environment

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Begum ◽  
Abu Tweb Abu Ahmed ◽  
Fauzia Hafiz ◽  
Sahana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Probable Number

The present study was carried out to assess the total bacterial load, incidence of total coliform, faecal coliform (Escherichia coli) and Salmonella species in water and soil of a tannery polluted environment (river Buriganga) and a selected freshwater fish pond environment. Samples were analyzed for their monthly variation and made a comparative investigation between the two different environments. The highest viable bacterial count was observed in tannery polluted water (2.7 x 105 cfu/ml) in May 2005 and in soil (5.7 x 107 cfu/g) in August, 2005. The total coliform and faecal coliform counts were always very high (>2,400/100 ml) in water and soil (>240/g) of tannery polluted area as measured by the most probable number (MPN) method. Salmonella was always present in tannery polluted samples, and occasionally in fresh water pond samples. It was also observed that tannery polluted environment was heavily polluted due to presence of large number of pathogenic bacteria as a result of tannery wastes discharged into the area. This poses serious threats to aquatic organisms, especially fish, and also for human being living in the Hazaribagh area.Keywords: Bacterial flora, Tannery polluted environment, Freshwater fish pondDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1264

Microbiological Analysis of Some Raw Fish Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Das ◽  
Fauzia Hafiz ◽  
M Kawser Ahmed ◽  
Sahana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Raw Fish

Total load of bacteria, fungi and pathogenic microorganisms in muscle-and-skin samples of 12 different species of fish were analyzed. Highest standard plate count (5.1 x 106 cfu/g) was observed in Batashi (Clupisoma atherinoides) and lowest (2.3 x 105 cfu/g) in Rui (Labeo rohita). Total bacterial load was almost similar in case of other fishes. Mold count was highest (7.5 x 102 cfu/g) in shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and lowest (8.0 x 101 cfu/g) in Pabda (Ompok pabda). Yeast count varied between 1.0 x 103 cfu/g in Batashi and 7.0 x 101 cfu/g in Rui. Total coliform and faecal coliform were detected in all the fish samples. Coliform count measured by most probable number (MPN) method was found to be 240/g in all fish samples. Faecal coliform count in the fish samples varied from 2.8 to 240/g. Salmonella was detected in at least two-third of the samples analysed. High microbial load in raw fishes indicates that raw fish would decompose very quickly at ambient temperature, and the presence of coliforms and Salmonella indicates the raw fish handling is not safe.Keywords: Fish, Microbiological analysis, Pathogens Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 67-69

Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

Comparative study of membrane filtration and enrichment media for the isolation and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sewage, surface water, and swimming pools

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 686-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Havelaar ◽  
M. During ◽  
E. H. M. Delfgou-Van Asch
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cellulose Ester ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Swimming Water

The recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on several selective culture media was tested using raw sewage and secondary sewage effluent samples as well as spiked chlorinated imitation swimming water and samples from whirlpools. mPA-medium B gave good recovery of both vital and chlorine-injured P. aeruginosa and selectivity was greater than 90% when analysing whirlpool samples. It is therefore the medium recommended for examination of chlorinated swimming pools. When analysing sewage polluted water with the mPA-B medium, reduced selectivity was noted from low verification rates and from overgrowth by competitive flora. A modified medium (mPA-D; addition of cetrimide, omission of sulphapyridine and actidione) was more selective and sufficiently recovered noninjured cells. Chlorine-injured cells were completely inhibited, however. C-390 (9-chloro-9-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-10-phenylacridan) was confirmed to be highly selective for P. aeruginosa when used in spread plates at a concentration of 30 μg/mL; P. aeruginosa was slightly inhibited. However, the medium could not be used with conventional membrane filtration techniques, because cellulose ester filters interfered with the selective action of C-390. Selectivity could be improved by using Gelman Tuffryn (polysulphone) filters and increasing the C-390 concentration to 120 μg/mL. At this concentration, however, the medium was strongly inhibitory to P. aeruginosa; resuscitation only partially improved recovery. Two other membrane filtration media were tested. Both cetrimide – nalidixic acid agar and Drake's medium No. 19 were inhibitory to chlorine-injured cells. Several types of membrane filters were tested and there was little difference between them. In the most-probable-number technique, recovery of P. aeruginosa was shown to be excellent when using asparagine broth. Malachite green broth was strongly inhibitory to chlorine-injured P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Kilis İli İçme Sularının Koliform Bakteri Yönünden İncelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ayşenur Özşavlı ◽  
Figen Şahin ◽  
Mehtap Sadak ◽  
Kıvılcım Çaktü Güler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Public Drinking Water ◽  
Public Drinking ◽  
Different Sources

In this study, fecal pollution was investigated in 6 different sources of public drinking water in Kilis. In the samples taken as seasonal (October, January, April and July) total coliform was tested with the Most Probable Number method. The total number of coliforms detected these source used as drinking water ranged from 3-1100

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF NUMBERS OF COLIFORM BACTERIAL AS WATER QUALITY INDICATOR IN KEPAHIANG DISTRICT RIVERS, BENGKULU PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Sipriyadi Sipriyadi ◽  
Risky Hadi Wibowo ◽  
Welly Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Ph Range

Coliform is a group of microbes that are used as indicators of water quality. Water pollution is generally caused by pathogenic microbes from feces, household waste, and industrial activity waste. This study aimed to estimate the total number of coliform contamination in several rivers in Kepahiang Regency, namely Tebat Monok (TM), Sempiyang (SPY), Penanjung Panjang (PP), Embong Ijok (EI) Air Langkap(ALK), and Air Belimbing (ABB).  Total coliform and Fecal coliform tests were carried out using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method on Lactose Broth, Brillian Green Lactose Bile Broth and pour plates on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media. Measurement of abiotic factors was on temperature and pH parameters. The test results of total coliform showed that 6 rivers contained total coliform under the Class II river water quality standards with a range of 1210/100 mL– 4310/100 mL and 2 rivers that were contaminated with Fecal coliform, TM and ALK, have the content of 1500/100 mL and 1700 / 100 mL. The results of the measurement of the abiotic factor, the river pH range was 7.4 - 8.2. The lowest temperature was 25oC in SPY river and the highest temperature was 26 oC on the TM, PP, EI, ALK, and ABB rivers.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a solar still in destroying virus and indicator bacteria in water for human consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Felipe Tiago do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Augusto do Nascimento ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Rodrigo Staggemeier ◽  
Cláudio Marcos Lauer Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Probable Number

Natural water distillation can destroy and/or inactivate microorganisms that are sensitive to heat and ultraviolet radiation (UV). This method is currently used to provide fresh water in ships and in the desalination of brackish water. For the development of this research, a pilot-scale solar still was built and installed in the southern region of Brazil, in order to assess its efficiency in water disinfection, which was based on the most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms and  Escherichia coli, in addition to the DNA copy number of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) in raw, undistilled samples and in treated distilled water. Results showed that the distillation process removed 100% of total coliform and Escherichia coli and 4.5 log (99.997%) of HAdV-5, which meets the microbiological standards for drinking water according to national Brazilian regulations, as well as USEPA and HEALTH CANADA requirements.

Effect of polluted water on Danio rerio (Zebrafish) as a vertebrate model: A case study of Ibalur Lake, Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Mathews P. Raj ◽  
Anitha A. Abraham ◽  
Jayarama Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Zebra Fish ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Who Standards

  Lake ecosystems are degraded with the increase in urbanization and anthro-pogenic activities. A study was taken up to analyze the effects of water quality of Ibalur Lake, Bangalore, India. The physico- chemical parameters and bacteriological examination of lake water was done for a period of 3 months from December 2013 – February 2014. The values recorded for Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were found to be zero. The average values recorded for parameters like calcium, total alkalinity, hardness were 231mg/L, 197mg/L and 587.1 mg/L respectively which were found exceeding the WHO standards set for drinking water; Parameters like Magnesium, Sodium, Chlorides, Sulphates had an average value of 140, 18.4, 59.5, 15 expressed in mg/L, which were within the WHO standards. Coliform count customized using the standard Most Probable Number (MPN) test reported a very high bacterial activity and proved the lake water is non-potable. Analysis carried out to determine the effects of pollutants on the vertebrate system (zebra fish) showed that the polluted waters of the lake have deleterious effects on zebra fish. With these observations it can be concluded that the pollutants of the lake can have detrimental impact on the biotic components.

Acceptability of Individual Water Supplies as Judged by a Single Test for Total Coliform Bacteria

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
E. P. MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Membrane Filter Method

Of 658 individual water supplies tested over an 8-year period, 69% of drilled wells, 62% of driven wells, 27% of dug wells and 32% of springs were judged acceptable on the basis of a single test for total coliforms. The acceptability standard consisted of 0 to 1 coliforms/100 ml of sample by the membrane filter method or a Most Probable Number index of less than 2.2 (presumptive and confirmed tests).

Comparative Validity of Members of the Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform Groups for Indicating the Presence of Salmonella in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. ANDREWS ◽  
C. D. DIGGS ◽  
M. W. PRESNELL ◽  
J. J. MIESCIER ◽  
C. R. WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Area Standard

During a 24-month survey, 539 samples each of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and the overlying water were collected to determine the relation of most probable number (MPN) of the total and fecal coliform groups in shellfish and water to the presence of Salmonella in the shellfish themselves. Occurrence of Salmonella in the shellfish more closely paralleled a progressive increase in the fecal coliform MPN as compared to the total coliform MPN in the water and shellfish meat. The percentage of Salmonella-positive shellfish samples was somewhat higher in oysters harvested from waters conforming to the present bacteriological approved growing area standard of ≤70 total coliforms per 100 ml water as compared to these same waters meeting a recently proposed fecal coliform standard of ≤14 organisms per 100 ml. In no instance was Salmonella detected in oysters from growing areas officially approved for harvesting on the basis of both a bacteriological and sanitary survey. Of a variety of enrichment broths and plating media used for recovery of Salmonella from oysters, direct enrichment in tetrathionate broth with added brilliant green followed by streaking on bismuth sulfite agar was the most productive combination of media for recovering a large variety of Salmonella serotypes.

Validity of Members of the Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform Groups for Indicating the Presence of Salmonella in the Quahaug, Mercenaria mercenaria

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. ANDREWS ◽  
C. D. DIGGS ◽  
J. J. MIESCIER ◽  
C. R. WILSON ◽  
W. N. ADAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
Relationship Of

To determine the relationship of most probable number (MPN) of the total and fecal coliform groups in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters to the presence of Salmonella in quahaugs (Mercenaria mercenaria), a microbiological survey of 214 samples of the quahaug, or hard-shell clam, was done over 24 months. For purposes of this study, waters were classified as safe for shellfish harvesting by one of two criteria: (a) a total coliform MPN of ≤ 70/100 ml of water or (b) a fecal coliform MPN value of ⩽ 14/100 ml of water. None of the quahaug samples harvested from waters meeting these standards contained Salmonella. Additionally, Salmonella was not detected in any of the quahaug samples meeting the wholesale market quality standard of 230 fecal coliforms per 100 g of shellfish as specified by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. An increase in the total coliform and fecal coliform MPN of the waters more closely paralleled an increase in the fecal coliform MPN, as compared to the total coliform MPN of the quahaug meats. Five Salmonella serotypes, including Salmonella parathyphi B, were found singly and in combination in five (2.3%) of the quahaug samples in this survey.

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