scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity and Virulence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Surgical Site Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Marufa Zerin Akhter ◽  
Nuheen Akter ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Fatema Moni Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Site Infection

Fourteen multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from surgical site infection were analyzed for their antibiotic sensitivity and the presence of nine virulence genes. The isolates showed a high resistance pattern, all being resistant to methicillin, oxacillin, azithromycin, ceftazidime and amoxyclav. Seven of the isolates were sensitive to linezolid; three were sensitive to trimethoprim: sulfamethoxazol and another three were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Ceftriaxone, gentamicin and amikacin were the drugs of choice as nine (64.3%) isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, eleven (78.6%) were sensitive to gentamicin and another eleven (78.6%) to amikacin. The present study focused to identify nine important virulence genes including intrinsic methicillin resistance gene mecA, methicillin resistance assisting gene femA, toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst, exfoliative toxin A and B genes, eta and etb, Panton Valentine leukocidin gene LukS/F-PVL, along with three enterotoxin genes sec, sed and see. According to the presence of mecA gene and antibiotic resistance profile, two isolates were identified as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, another isolate, despite harbouring both mecA and femA genes, was sensitive to ceftriaxone which excluded it from being considered as an MRSA. Thus, the ratio of MRSA can be considered to be quite high (2/14) among the strains. Interestingly, most of the isolates (10/14) harboured femA gene, the majority of which were mecA negative with an MSSA type antibiotic profile. Although considered as a marker for community acquired MRSA, LukS/F-PV was found in half of these nosocomial isolates. Five, four and two of the isolates harboured etb, tst and sec gene, respectively. However, all the isolates were negative for eta, sed and see genes. Two isolates showed the co-existance of “femA, LukS/F-PV, etb, and tst” genes. Another two virulence gene patterns observed were “femA, mecA, tst, sec” and “femA, LukS/F-PV, etb”. The presence of several virulence genes can be correlated to the highly pathogenic nature of the isolates. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 1, June 2021, pp 21-26

scholarly journals Microbiology of Incisional Surgical Site Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Krisna Rani Majumder ◽  
Samia Mubin ◽  
Md Ibrahim Siddique ◽  
M Nur E Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Incisional Surgical Site Infection

Background: Bacteria responsible for causing lncisional Surgical Site Infection (ISSI) along with their resistance pattern changes over time due to various factors and are a matter of regular scrutiny. Proper understanding of this will help both surgeon and microbiologist to formulate an effective guideline to combat overall SSI. Objectives: To evaluate responsible microorganisms and their resistance pattern causing ISSI following elective gastrointestinal surgery in our perspective. Methods: Prospective data were collected on 1122 surgical patients admitted in the surgery department in BSMMU from January 201 O to June 2012 having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Patients operated were followed in the post operative period till discharge and if any ISSI noted, swab from the site of infection was sent for culture and sensitivity reporting using standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotics were given accordingly. Results: In this series 1122 wounds were studied of which183(16.31%) cases had ISSI.Wound infection rates, according to clinical wound types were 10.45%, 14.49%, 49% for clean-contaminated,contaminated and dirty wounds respectively. The figures of ISSI according to SSI types were 76.77% for Superficial SSI and 26.23% for Deep SSI.The figures of ISSI according to SSI types were 76.77% for Superficial SSI and 26.23% for Deep SSI. Causative microorganisms were revealed in 74.87% positive cultures. 5.8% wounds had polymicrobial etiology. The common causative organisms were Escherichia coli 55.5%,Staphylococcus aureus 22.6%, Pseudomonas spp. 9.5% and Klebsiella spp. 6.6%.AII were 100% sensitive to Meropenem. Next to this Escherichia coli and Klebsiellaspp. were mostly sensitive to Ceftriaxone 62.5% and 100% respectively, Staphylococcus aureus to Doxicycline 75% and Pseudomonas spp. to Ceftazidime 93.7%. Comparison with previously done national and international studies revealed alarming increase in resistance pattern of causative bacterial isolates. Conclusion: To date no national or in house SSI prevention policy or surveillance guideline exists. Lack of our attention in this issue along with inept, irrational use of antibiotics is definitely adding causative organisms to gain increasing resistance pattern. Before surgical care centers are overwhelmed with SSls by resistant organisms caution must be taken from all level. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2013) Vol. 17 (1) : 18-24

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene Detected in a Staphylococcus Aureus Strain Isolated from a Knee Arthroprosthesis Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Montanaro ◽  
Lucilla Baldassarri ◽  
Tolmino Corazzari ◽  
Roberta Creti ◽  
Stefano Ravaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Strain Collection ◽  
Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

This report focuses on the molecular characterization of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a knee arthroprosthesis infection and recognized retrospectively as a carrier of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. The stored microbiological isolate, which belonged to the strain collection of the Research Unit on Implant Infections of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, was retrieved for molecular analysis. Genotyping was carried out, revealing an interesting profile. In addition to the positivity for the Panton-Valentine toxin gene, the results indicated that the isolate belonged to the agr III group and was endowed with bbp and cna genes, both encoding for staphylococcal adhesins that bind bone proteins. The strain had the mecA gene for methicillin resistance, even though it was unable to resist any of the β-lactam or other antibiotics. Its gene configuration matched that of other community-acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA) strains which have recently been reported worldwide. As far as we know, this is the first report on a PVL-positive S. aureus strain associated with an orthopedic implant (knee arthroprosthesis) infection.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity in Post Cesarean Surgical Site Infection at a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Manisha Chhetry ◽  
Shanti Subedi ◽  
Sita Ghimire ◽  
Sabina Lamichhane ◽  
Basudev Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Common

Introduction: Post cesarean surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the common complications diagnosed in 2.5%-16% of the cases and is associated with significant increase in maternal morbidity, hospital stay, costs, and psychological stress to the new parents. This study was designed to study the incidence of SSI and the antimicrobial resistance pattern in our hospital.   Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted from July 2015 to December 2015, in which all patients who were admitted with post cesarean SSI or developed SSI during their stay were included.  Wound specimens were collected and susceptibility testing was carried out using disc diffusion technique.   Results: The incidence of post cesarean SSI was 6.07% (47/774). Out of the 47 patients who had SSI, 35 (74.75%) had positive swab culture. The most important organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (82.85%) out of which 17 (58.62%) were MRSA strain. The resistance of Staphylococcus to penicillin was 84.6% whereas amikacin was found to be highly sensitive (>96%). Among the MRSA strain, resistance to ciprofloxacin, which is the currently used drug for prophylaxis, was 94%. Resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, and clavulanate was also high. Resistance to vancomycin was also high (53%). Amikacin and chloramphenicol were found to be highly sensitive  (94% and 90% respectively) in the MRSA group.   Conclusion: MRSA is the leading cause of post cesarean SSI and is a matter of great concern. Amikacin and chloramphenicol were found to be highly sensitive in this group but unlike other studies, resistance of vancomycin was showing an increasing trend.

EVALUATION OF THE METHOSD FOR DETECTION METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

2013 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Chi Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Thi Nam Lien Nguyen ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Godreuil Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective: To evaluate the infections that caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the value of the tests to detect Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Subjects and Methods: Used routine techniques to culture and isolate S.aureus, test the antibiotic sensitivity by Kirby-Bauerr, determination the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Oxacillin and cefoxitin disc and PCR in identified the mecA gene Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolated is highest which isolated from pus specimens (55.06%). In 267 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the Department of Microbiology, Hue Central Hospital the Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 61.42%. The level of antibiotic resistant strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is higher than that in Methicillin-sensitive strains. Conclusion: Cefoxitin 30 microg disk diffusion method to detect Methicillin resistance is effective for determinate Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (sensitivity and specificity are all 100.00%). Key words: Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant.

scholarly journals Study of Various Organisms Associated with Surgical Site Infection and their Sensitivity Pattern

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Borse ◽  
Rahul Shelke
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Subject Material ◽  
Micro Organisms

<strong>Aim</strong>: The objectives of this study was to study the various micro-organisms causing surgical site infection, to study their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern. <strong>Setting</strong>: Department of Surgery of a tertiary health care centre with an attached medical college. <strong>Material and methods</strong>: A total of 89 patients with post operative surgical site infection occurring within 30 days of surgery or 1 year of implant were included as subject material after they satisfy inclusion and exclusion criteria. <strong>Results</strong>: <em>E.coli</em> is the commonest organism isolated in SSI wounds. Overall Imipenem and Amikacin are the most sensitive antibiotics. Over all gentamycin, cefotaxime and clindamycin are the most resistant antibiotics noted. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The most common organisms associated with SSI are <em>E. coli</em> and Pseudomonas. Most of the organisms were sensitive to imipenem, amikacin. Sensitivity pattern of the of the organism is changing with time. The common organisms are now no longer sensitive to routinely used cheaper antibiotics. Newer antibiotics, which are more costly, are required to treat the infection which is a burden to the patient.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of mecA Gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Iranian Hamburger Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Momtaz Bokharaei ◽  
M.M. Soltan Dallal ◽  
M.R. Pourmand ◽  
Z. Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Common Causes

Background: Among the bacteria that cause food poisoning, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of S. aureus strains in Iranian hamburgers, analysis of their antibiotic resistance pattern, and molecular detection of mecA gene in isolated strains. Methods: A total of 100 Iranian handmade (traditional) and packaged (factory-made) hamburger samples were investigated for the existence of S. aureus. The pattern of antibiotic resistance and the presence of mecA genes were investigated by disk diffusion and molecular methods, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software v. 24. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus isolated in handmade hamburgers was significantly (p=0.008) higher than packaged ones. Most of 39 isolated S. aureus strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (31 isolate), chloramphenicol (27 isolate), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (37 isolate). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed for penicillin G followed by oxacillin and tetracycline. All isolates were found susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin. Six S. aureus isolates which were evaluated for methicillin-resistance, contained the mecA gene. Conclusion: The high presence of the S. aureus in Iranian hamburgers and the remarkable antibiotic resistance emphasize the need for policies which enforce hygienic practices within the food industry and fast food outlets.

scholarly journals Molecular Study of Enterotoxins Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients in Intensive Care Units

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Mohamed A. Rizk ◽  
Asmaa O. Bakr
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Introduction:Staphylococcus aureusis responsible for healthcare-associated sepsis. Various virulence genes may be responsible for the severity of the outcome of this infection.Aims & objectives:Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin genes inS .aureusassociated with HCA sepsis affecting adult's patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU).Materials & Methods:The study is a cross-sectional observational study included 432 patients admitted to intensive care units with Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCAIs). The patients were subjected to blood culture and identification of the isolated bacteria according to the standard microbiological method. Isolates identified asS. aureuswere subjected to molecular studies for the detection of meca gene and enterotoxins genes by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).Results & Discussion:Blood culture was positive in 170 of the patients (39.3%). 47 of the blood culture yieldS. aureu.Regarding studies of virulence genes in isolatedS. aureus, the most frequent genes were seg (61.7%), mecA (46.8%) and sea (42.6%). The less frequent genes were tst and eta 6.4% for each. Analysis of demographic, clinical and virulence genes of isolatedS. aureusto HAIs outcome reveals that the virulence genes namely mec, sei and tst ofS. aureuswere the only significant factors associated with death The distribution of enterotoxigenic genes among MRSA and MSSA shows a significant association between seg and sei genes in MRSA isolates.Conclusion:The present study highlights the prevalence of enterotoxin genes in isolated S.aureus from patients with hospital-acquired infections in intensive care units in a tertiary hospital. There was high prevalence as about two-thirds of the isolates harbor seg and sea genes in addition to methicillin resistance gene mecA. The fatal outcome of sepsis in those patients was associated with the presence of enterotoxin genes sei and tst. There is a need for screening patients admitted to intensive care units forS. aureusharboring these genes for proper management and application of isolation and contact guidelines of infection control

scholarly journals An overview: the virulence capacity, resistance mechanism, integron association, biofilm formation ability, and methicillin- resistance traits among staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Anas Almousawi ◽  
Abdullah Alhatami ◽  
Furkan Alaraji
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Resistance Traits

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to acquire variety and many virulence genes that leads to its the ability to cause different diseases in many hosts species, these bacteria have many mechanisms for antibiotic resistance and their ability to produce biofilm and gain various genes through integrons, that will lead to difficult treatment. Consequently, the acquisition of the mecA gene made it more virulent and resistant to antibiotics, and this indicates that the spread of these bacteria in human and animal communities besides health institutions and their frequent transmission between these communities may have a problem of dealing with it.

scholarly journals Distribution of virulence genes and SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clinical and environmental origin: a study from community of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Type V ◽  
Sccmec Types

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.

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