scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Disorder in FarWestern Part of Nepal: A Hospital Based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Naval Kishor Yadav ◽  
C Hanpari ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Shrewastwa ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Mittal ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Koner
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
The People ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Objectives: This study was conducted to know the status of thyroid disorder in people of far western region  of Nepal.Methods: A total of 808 cases, out of which 133 male and 675 female were included and study  was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the  Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, between 1st January, 2011 and 28th February, 2012.  The variables collected were age, sex, and thyroid function profile including free T3, free T4 and TSH. The  data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows  Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: The percentage  of thyroid disorders was 33.66% in people of far western region of Nepal. The people were highly affected  by overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). The subclinical  hypothyroidism was 7.9% while 1% overt hypothyroidism only. Serum fT3, fT4 and TSH level were significantly  different in male and females. Similarly, fT3, fT4 and TSH levels show statistically significant differences  in different thyroid disorders. The fT3 and fT4 level in overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical  hypothyroidism showed statistically significant differences when compared with euthyroidism group.  Likewise, TSH level also shows statistically significant in all the thyroid disorders when compared with  euthyroidism group. The fT3 and fT4 levels were statistically insignificant in all the age groups whereas  TSH level showed statistically significant different in all the age groups. The fT3 and fT4 level in 21-40  years showed statistically significant when compared with serum level of fT3 and fT4 of 0-20 years.  Similarly, serum level of TSH in 21-40 and 41-60 years also showed statistically significant when compared  with serum level of TSH of 0-20 years. Conclusion: The people residing in far western region have risk for  thyroid disorders. They were suffering with thyroid disorder, especially overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) and  subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). Further studies are required to characterize the reasons for this high  prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12601 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

scholarly journals Isfahan Thyroid Cohort Study (ITCS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 788-795
Author(s):  
Samaneh Shahrokh Esfahani ◽  
Aliye Tabatabaee ◽  
Ashraf Aminorroaya ◽  
Masoud Amini ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Background: The Isfahan Thyroid Cohort Study (ITCS) is one of the few population-based epidemiological studies in Iran that investigates the prevalence and incidence of thyroid disorders including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, nodule, and iodine status. Methods: This cohort is located in Isfahan, Iran. The first phase was initiated in 2006 with 2523 participants (1275 males, 1248 females). The participants were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling from the general residents of Isfahan, Iran. The study had two phases (2006 and 2011) and its third stage is planned for 2020–2021. Results: The prevalence of thyroid function states was euthyroid (89.3%, 95% CI: 88%–90%), overt hypothyroidism (2.8%, 95% CI: 2%‒3%), subclinical hypothyroidism (5.8%, 95% CI: 4%–6%), overt hyperthyroidism (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.4%‒1%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.99%, 95% CI: 0.6%–1%). Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were significantly associated with goiter. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction was reported as follows: overt hypothyroidism (2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–3.7), subclinical hypothyroidism (20.6, 95% CI: 18–23), overt hyperthyroidism (1.9, 95% CI: 1–2.7) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–3.7) per 1000 (person-year). Conclusion: We assessed the prevalence and incidence of thyroid disorders in Isfahan in the first and second phase, respectively. We are conducting the third phase of the ITCS in order to study the associations between thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) level and environmental factors such as infection.

scholarly journals Screening for thyroid disorders in asymptomatic adults from Brazilian populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Western World ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Effective Option

Advances in thyroid disorder diagnosis have created new thyroid disorder categories such as subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. In the 1980s, immunometric assaying for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) emerged and became defined as the most cost-effective test in thyroid disorder screening. The second step in the screening of thyroid disorders is to determine free thyroxine (FT4), and cost-effective methods for its detection are now available. Using TSH and FT4, it is possible to determine four situations: clinical hyperthyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism can be a strong indicator of risk for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women. Cardiovascular mortality among Brazilian women is one of the highest in the Western world. The best-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Although these are recognized as primary risk factors, there are other risk factors that could be identified as primordial risk factors. This may be the case for subclinical hypothyroidism. Early detection of thyroid disorders in women over fifty could be a highly cost-effective option in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders among Brazilian women.

Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders among Adult Women Attending Medical OPD Clinics at 300-bedded Pyin Oo Lwin General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Thyroid gland disorders are the most common endocrine conditions. A hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to identify thyroid hormone levels, different types of thyroid dysfunction and to find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in adult women. It was done at 300-bedded Pyin Oo Lwin General Hospital during September 2016 through February 2017. A total of 115 adult women in the age 18-85 years (mean of 47.37±15.7 year) who were attending medical clinics OutPatient Department of study hospital were enrolled. Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by using Mini-vidas, fully automated Immunology analyzer at Pathology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch). Data entry and analysis were done by SPSS software 20.0 version. Among different age groups, highest number of subject lies between age group of 46-60 years. Thyroid function status was considered according to American Thyroid Association (ATA, 2000) and abnormalities in thyroid hormone levels were detected in 36/115 cases (31.7%) of participants. Hyperthyroidism was observed in 10 cases (8.7%) and hypothyroidism in 8 cases (7.0%). Subclinical hyperthyroidism was found in 12 cases (10.4%) and subclinical hypothyroidism was also seen in 6 cases (5.2%). High number of total subclinical hyperthyroidism was observed in 31-60 age groups. In age 18-30 years, no cases of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were observed, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were more prevalent in above 60 years and subclinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in 31-45 years. Serum free T3, T4 and TSH were significantly different in various groups of thyroid dysfunction (p<0.001). This study highlights that thyroid dysfunction remains a common health problem among adult women and is useful for screening programs and clinical management of consequences of thyroid disorders in this area.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in the Prevalence of Thyroid disorders among population of Far Western Region of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Dipendra Raj Pandeya ◽  
Mahendra Prasad Bhatt ◽  
Mahesh Prakash Bhatta ◽  
Janardhan Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Thyroid disorder is second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes in the world. The burden of thyroid diseases in the general population is enormous especially in females. The aim of this paper is to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders among population of Far Western Region.Methods:  The present work was conducted to study the pattern of thyroid disorders among different ethnic groups attended to the LifeCare Diagnostics and Research Center Pvt. Ltd. Dhangadhi.  Total of 1000 patients suspected with thyroid disorders were enrolled in this study.  The incidence of thyroid disorders and its relationship with the different ethnic, age groups and gender were investigated.Results:  Out of 1000 patients with suspected thyroid dysfunction, 65.8% were euthyroid followed by 13.8 % of patients having subclinical hypothyroidism, 9.5% hypothyroidism, 7.9% hypothyroidism. The incidence subclinical hyperthyroidism 3.0% was lowest. Hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid disorders among ethnic groups, Chhetri 37.97% and Brahmin 40.57%. In addition, females were most affected among the population.Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid disorders in Far western population showed difference among different ethnic group. Public awareness of thyroid disorders and their potential complications could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic facilities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3493
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Pahwa ◽  
Sabia Mangat
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. Often overlooked in pregnancy due to nonspecific symptoms and hyper-metabolic state of pregnancy. Western literature shows prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy as 2.5% and hypothyroidism as 0.1-0.4%. There is paucity of data on prevalence of thyroid disorders in India pregnant population. This study was carried out to know prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women in Indian population.Methods: One hundred pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in first trimester were registered. Detailed history and examination was done. Apart from routine basic and obstetrical investigations, TSH, FT3 and FT4 level estimation was done.Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high in this study in first trimester pregnant women, with subclinical hypothyroidism in 6%, overt hypothyroidism in 2%, subclinical hyperthyroidism 2 % and overt hyperthyroidism 0%.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid disorders, especially subclinical hypothyroidism (6%), overt hypothyroidism (2%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (2%) was high. To prevent adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome, we are emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.

scholarly journals A prospective descriptive study of evaluation of menstrual disorders in thyroid dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Durgavathi Kothapalli ◽  
Kamesari Kolluru
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Common Manifestation

Background: Menstrual irregularities are common with thyroid disorders. It has been reported that hyperthyroidism the most common manifestation is simple oligomenorrhea and hypothyroidism usually is associated with polymenorrhea. Present study has been designed to evaluate the menstrual and endometrial patterns in women with thyroid disorders in costal Andhra Pradesh.Methods: During the study period of two years and ten months we have enrolled 110 patients with clinical presentation of thyroid disorder with menstrual irregularities as per our study criteria. Based on report patients were divided in to three groups, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and subclinical hypothyroidism. Based on abnormal menstrual pattern patients were divided in to menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and amenorrhea groups. Endometrial biopsy was taken from women in perimenopausal age group and histopathological examination was done to know the pattern of endometrium.Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 24 (21.81%) patients, hypothyroidism was present in 52 (47.27%) patients and hyperthyroidism was present in 34 (30.90%) patients. amenorrhea was present in 26 (23.63%) patients, oligomenorrhea was present in 12 (10.90%) patients, Intermenstrual bleeding was present in 2 (1.81%) patients, Menorrhagia was present in 44 (40%) patients which was most common type of menstrual disorder and Polymenorrhagia was present in 26 (23.63%) patients.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is most common thyroid disorder followed by hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism is least common. We have found that menstrual irregularities are more common in hypothyroid patients than hyperthyroid. Menorrhagia and Polymenorrhagia is more common than amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhea in hypothyroid patients. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients attending the antenatal clinic at tertiary care centre, Parel, Mumbai, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Jaya Kundan Gedam ◽  
Disha A. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Background: Pregnancy is associated with major changes in the physiology of the thyroid gland. Undiagnosed thyroid disorders can adversely affect fetal and maternal outcome. This study was done to study the prevalence of thyroid disorder among antenatal women.Methods: This was a prospective study done in the antenatal clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESI PGIMSRMGM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.Results: In present study, fifty out of three hundred and fifty pregnant women screened had thyroid disorder. The prevalence of thyroid disorder in this study was 14.2%. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 7.7% (n= 27), overt hypothyroidism was 4% (n=14), subclinical hyperthyroidism was 1.7% (n=6) and overt hyperthyroidism was 0.8% (n=3).Conclusions: Thyroid disorders in pregnancy are associated with adverse fetomaternal outcome. Its prevalence is high in Indian women. Thus thyroid screening should be included in the routine antenatal investigations.

scholarly journals Study on thyroid function test in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Nayak ◽  
Manorama Swain ◽  
Sujata Misra ◽  
Manju Kumari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Free T4

Thyroid disorder is a very common endocrine problem encountered by pregnant women. Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse outcome both in mother and fetus. The aim of the study: to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, F.M. Medical College & Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from June 2020 to May 2021. 220 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were included. Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were estimated by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Results. Out of 220 pregnant women screened for thyroid dysfunction, 68 were found to have thyroid disorders. 27.3 % of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.4 % had overt hypothyroidism, 1.8 % had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had overt hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.36 % when the upper reference limit of TSH level taken as 4 mIU/L. Prevalence of thyroid disorder among pregnant women in the age groups 18–25 years, 26–30 years and 31–40 years were 28.9 %, 32.1 % and 38.9 % respectively. There were 35.5 %, 28 % and 26 % pregnant women with thyroid disorders in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Prevalence of both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were more in multigravida compared to primigravida. Conclusion. Our study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common pattern.

scholarly journals Evaluation of thyroid disorders in abnormal uterine bleeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2236
Author(s):  
Bharat Kumar Bilwal ◽  
Apurva Garg
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Hypothyroid Patient ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Menstrual Disturbances

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common clinical presentation in gynecology. Alteration in thyroid hormones level has been associated with menstrual disturbances. This study is aimed to know the prevalence of thyroid disorders amongst AUB patients and also the different patterns of menstrual abnormalities associated with thyroid disorders.Methods: 100 Patient of clinically diagnosed AUB were taken from gynecology OPD at RNT Medical College Udaipur from October 2019 to March 2019. All the patients from 19 to 45 age groups presenting with menstrual disturbances were tested for thyroid function by measuring ST3, ST4, and S.TSH. Statistical analysis done by percentage formula.Results: Out of 100 women of AUB, majority were in the age group of 31-40 years (38%). 44% presented with menorrhagia. 65% were euthyroid, 17% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 15% had overt hypothyroidism and 3% were diagnosed as hyperthyroid. Subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were detected mostly in the age group of 31-40 years. The commonest bleeding abnormalities in hypothyroid patient were oligomenorrhoea while most of the hyperthyroid cases were having menorrhagia.Conclusions: The study concludes that biochemical evaluation of thyroid function is an easy, reliable method and should be made mandatory in all cases of AUB.

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in abnormal uterine bleeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2905
Author(s):  
Aditi Rai ◽  
Sapna Raina
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most frequent presentation to gynecology OPD. AUB is a common but complicated clinical presentation and occurs in 15-20% of women between menarche to menopause and significantly affects the women’s health. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and cause abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularity, infertility and premature menopause. Objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in women in reproductive age group with AUB.Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer and Medical Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital at Narayana Health City, Bangalore with abnormal uterine bleeding during the period of 2 years (December 2015 to November 2017), total 153 patients were included in the study. All women with AUB in reproductive age group were included. Diagnosed cases of ovarian cyst, uterine fibroid, polyp, adenomyosis, endometriosis and malignant (endometrial and cervical) tumors were excluded. Women who are on drugs or hormone therapy (for past 3 months. IUCD users/oral contraceptives pill user. Patients with known case of thyroid disorder, carcinoma thyroid patients with history of coagulation disorder, liver disorder, renal disorder, tuberculosis.Results: A total N=115 (75.2%) of patients who took part in this study had euthyroid status. The estimated prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 24.9%. Out of which n=22 (14.4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, n=14 (9.2%) had overt hypothyroidism, n=2 (1.3%) had hyperthyroidism. The most common thyroid dysfunction amongst the study group was noted to be subclinical hypothyroidism (14.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in cases which are clinically diagnosed as AUB. TSH is most sensitive test in detecting thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical cases need to be treated. Hence thyroid function evaluation should be made mandatory in cases of AUB to detect thyroid dysfunction.

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