scholarly journals Screening for thyroid disorders in asymptomatic adults from Brazilian populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Western World ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Effective Option

Advances in thyroid disorder diagnosis have created new thyroid disorder categories such as subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. In the 1980s, immunometric assaying for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) emerged and became defined as the most cost-effective test in thyroid disorder screening. The second step in the screening of thyroid disorders is to determine free thyroxine (FT4), and cost-effective methods for its detection are now available. Using TSH and FT4, it is possible to determine four situations: clinical hyperthyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism can be a strong indicator of risk for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women. Cardiovascular mortality among Brazilian women is one of the highest in the Western world. The best-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Although these are recognized as primary risk factors, there are other risk factors that could be identified as primordial risk factors. This may be the case for subclinical hypothyroidism. Early detection of thyroid disorders in women over fifty could be a highly cost-effective option in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders among Brazilian women.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Disorder in FarWestern Part of Nepal: A Hospital Based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Naval Kishor Yadav ◽  
C Hanpari ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Shrewastwa ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Mittal ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Koner
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
The People ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Objectives: This study was conducted to know the status of thyroid disorder in people of far western region  of Nepal.Methods: A total of 808 cases, out of which 133 male and 675 female were included and study  was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the  Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, between 1st January, 2011 and 28th February, 2012.  The variables collected were age, sex, and thyroid function profile including free T3, free T4 and TSH. The  data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows  Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: The percentage  of thyroid disorders was 33.66% in people of far western region of Nepal. The people were highly affected  by overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). The subclinical  hypothyroidism was 7.9% while 1% overt hypothyroidism only. Serum fT3, fT4 and TSH level were significantly  different in male and females. Similarly, fT3, fT4 and TSH levels show statistically significant differences  in different thyroid disorders. The fT3 and fT4 level in overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical  hypothyroidism showed statistically significant differences when compared with euthyroidism group.  Likewise, TSH level also shows statistically significant in all the thyroid disorders when compared with  euthyroidism group. The fT3 and fT4 levels were statistically insignificant in all the age groups whereas  TSH level showed statistically significant different in all the age groups. The fT3 and fT4 level in 21-40  years showed statistically significant when compared with serum level of fT3 and fT4 of 0-20 years.  Similarly, serum level of TSH in 21-40 and 41-60 years also showed statistically significant when compared  with serum level of TSH of 0-20 years. Conclusion: The people residing in far western region have risk for  thyroid disorders. They were suffering with thyroid disorder, especially overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) and  subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). Further studies are required to characterize the reasons for this high  prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12601 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

scholarly journals Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk – An Overview of Current Understanding

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Feldt Rasmussen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Treatment Benefit

Subclinical or mild hypothyroidism is often associated with adverse cardiovascular risk factors, such as high cholesterol, together with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors. The ischaemic abnormalities are probably related to long-term consequences of a slowly progressing development of hypothyroidism. In recent years, it has become evident that a consensus on the exact limits for cut-off between normal and subclinically hypothyroid individuals is not currently possible. The main reasons for this are differences for measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that reference populations are very different and that a person’s intra-individual variability is much narrower than any population-based interval. Finally, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism varies from 4 to 17% in different normal populations. Available evidence indicates that patients with subclinical hypothyroidism have developed or are at risk of developing an adverse cardiovascular profile and subclinical hypothyroidism is most likely a mild variant of overt hypothyroidism. There is currently no evidence for a treatment benefit, but studies to demonstrate the expected minor improvements have not been performed on a sufficiently large scale. Patients should be informed about the disease and based on a combined clinical and laboratory judgement, should be offered a therapeutic trial in case of even vague symptoms.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3493
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Pahwa ◽  
Sabia Mangat
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. Often overlooked in pregnancy due to nonspecific symptoms and hyper-metabolic state of pregnancy. Western literature shows prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy as 2.5% and hypothyroidism as 0.1-0.4%. There is paucity of data on prevalence of thyroid disorders in India pregnant population. This study was carried out to know prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women in Indian population.Methods: One hundred pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in first trimester were registered. Detailed history and examination was done. Apart from routine basic and obstetrical investigations, TSH, FT3 and FT4 level estimation was done.Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high in this study in first trimester pregnant women, with subclinical hypothyroidism in 6%, overt hypothyroidism in 2%, subclinical hyperthyroidism 2 % and overt hyperthyroidism 0%.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid disorders, especially subclinical hypothyroidism (6%), overt hypothyroidism (2%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (2%) was high. To prevent adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome, we are emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.

scholarly journals A prospective descriptive study of evaluation of menstrual disorders in thyroid dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Durgavathi Kothapalli ◽  
Kamesari Kolluru
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Common Manifestation

Background: Menstrual irregularities are common with thyroid disorders. It has been reported that hyperthyroidism the most common manifestation is simple oligomenorrhea and hypothyroidism usually is associated with polymenorrhea. Present study has been designed to evaluate the menstrual and endometrial patterns in women with thyroid disorders in costal Andhra Pradesh.Methods: During the study period of two years and ten months we have enrolled 110 patients with clinical presentation of thyroid disorder with menstrual irregularities as per our study criteria. Based on report patients were divided in to three groups, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and subclinical hypothyroidism. Based on abnormal menstrual pattern patients were divided in to menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and amenorrhea groups. Endometrial biopsy was taken from women in perimenopausal age group and histopathological examination was done to know the pattern of endometrium.Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 24 (21.81%) patients, hypothyroidism was present in 52 (47.27%) patients and hyperthyroidism was present in 34 (30.90%) patients. amenorrhea was present in 26 (23.63%) patients, oligomenorrhea was present in 12 (10.90%) patients, Intermenstrual bleeding was present in 2 (1.81%) patients, Menorrhagia was present in 44 (40%) patients which was most common type of menstrual disorder and Polymenorrhagia was present in 26 (23.63%) patients.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is most common thyroid disorder followed by hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism is least common. We have found that menstrual irregularities are more common in hypothyroid patients than hyperthyroid. Menorrhagia and Polymenorrhagia is more common than amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhea in hypothyroid patients. 

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis for the value of thyroid disorder screening in men with ejaculatory dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cihan ◽  
Ahmet Adil Esen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Delayed Ejaculation ◽  
Ejaculatory Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract Objective: To demonstrate evidence from available clinical studies to clarify the scientific points that have been achieved in relation to thyroid disorders and ejaculatory dysfunction. Data sources: Clinical trial articles published in English on Medline. Eligibility criteria: Clinical studies that investigated the association of thyroid disorders with the ejaculatory function of subjects and the trials evaluating the effect of thyroid dysfunction treatment on the ejaculatory function of the subjects were eligible. Synthesis methods: We searched Medline with “ejaculation” and different combinations of “thyroid,” “serum TSH,” “serum T3,” “serum T4” keywords in PubMed. Results: Standardized mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in premature ejaculation (PE) sufferers differed from non-PE control subjects (p=.05). Hyperthyroidism was associated with increased odds among PE subjects (OR=2.0, p=.03). Delayed ejaculation was seen with increased odds in hypothyroid patients compared with hyperthyroidism patients (OR=57, p=.0001). Serum TSH and mean intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) of the subjects showed a correlation both before and after treatment for thyroid disorder. Treatment of thyroid disorders improved the mean IELT measures of the subjects. The overall estimate of the effect of hyperthyroidism treatment on mean IELT was .64 (p=.0001) in the random-effects model. Limitations: The low quality and quantity of evidence from available studies limited the interpretation of our study findings. Conclusions: The causal relationship between ejaculatory dysfunction and thyroid disorders remains to be clarified. Sufferers of delayed ejaculation acquired PE subjects, and PE sufferers who have accompanying erectile dysfunction and/or anxiety may benefit from thyroid disorder investigation.

scholarly journals Study on thyroid function test in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Nayak ◽  
Manorama Swain ◽  
Sujata Misra ◽  
Manju Kumari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Free T4

Thyroid disorder is a very common endocrine problem encountered by pregnant women. Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse outcome both in mother and fetus. The aim of the study: to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, F.M. Medical College & Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from June 2020 to May 2021. 220 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were included. Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were estimated by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Results. Out of 220 pregnant women screened for thyroid dysfunction, 68 were found to have thyroid disorders. 27.3 % of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.4 % had overt hypothyroidism, 1.8 % had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had overt hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.36 % when the upper reference limit of TSH level taken as 4 mIU/L. Prevalence of thyroid disorder among pregnant women in the age groups 18–25 years, 26–30 years and 31–40 years were 28.9 %, 32.1 % and 38.9 % respectively. There were 35.5 %, 28 % and 26 % pregnant women with thyroid disorders in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Prevalence of both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were more in multigravida compared to primigravida. Conclusion. Our study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common pattern.

Pattern of dyslipidemia among patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and its relation with thyroid stimulating hormone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Nazma Akter ◽  
Tangera Akter
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Background: The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and dyslipidemia is still debatable about whether SCH is constantly associated with lipid disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid abnormalities in patients with SCH and to evaluate the relation between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipid profile. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in outpatient department (OPD) of the Hormone and Diabetes Clinic at MARKS Medical College & Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2018 to October 2019. A total of 308 subjects (age 30 - 60 years) were included in this study using covenience sampling. Among them, 156 were diagnosed case of SCH, while 152 were euthyroid healthy individuals in control group (matched for age, gender and weight). Laboratory test included serum TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) and fasting lipid profile. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 statistical software. Results: In this study, dyslipidemia was more prevalent in patients with SCH compared to control group [p<0.001]. SCH group showed altered lipid profile i.e. significantly higher serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared with the euthyroid subjects [p < 0.05 for each]. Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the relationships between serum TSH and lipid level showed that TSH levels were positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, TG and negatively correlated with HDL-C in patients with SCH [p < 0.05 for each]. Conclusions: Dyslipidemia is a common feature in SCH compared to euthyroid controls. The study showed that TSH level was positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, TG and negatively correlated with HDL-C. SCH should be a matter for further investigation because dyslipidemia is associated with this thyroid disorder. BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 172-178

scholarly journals Pattern of Thyroid Dysfunction in Women with Menstrual Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Sharad Gautam ◽  
Rajendra KC ◽  
Shruti Singh ◽  
Shrijana Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Menstrual Disorder

BACKGROUNDThyroid disorders are among the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction can interfere in multiple metabolic and physiological processes including menstrual cycle. This study was conducted to find pattern of thyroid dysfunction among women with menstrual disorders.METHODSTwo hundred thirty three females with menstrual disorders were screened for thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid function was assessed by measuring serum free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.RESULTSThe mean age of study patients was 25.7±6.8 years. The most common menstrual disorder observed was irregular cycle (72.5%, n=169) followed by amenorrhea (21.9%, n=51) and menorrhagia (5.6%, n=13). Most of the patients were in the age group 15-24 years (51.1%, n=119), followed by 25-34 years (36.1%, n=84) and 35-45 years (12.9%, n=30). Mean level of free T3 and T4 was 2.91±1.05 pg/ml, 1.42±0.57 ng/dl respectively. Median TSH was 2.0 mIU/L (IQR, 1.0-4.0). Thyroid dysfunction was seen in 25.8% (n=60) women. Most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism (14.2%, n=33) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (6.9%, n=16), overt hyperthyroidism (3%, n=7) and overt hypothyroidism (1.7%, n=4).CONCLUSIONSThe study finds thyroid dysfunction especially subclinical hypothyroidism to be common among women with menstrual disorders. Thus, it may be beneficial to screen menstrual disorder patients for thyroid function especially to rule out thyroid disorder as potential etiological agent for menstrual disturbance.

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in abnormal uterine bleeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2905
Author(s):  
Aditi Rai ◽  
Sapna Raina
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most frequent presentation to gynecology OPD. AUB is a common but complicated clinical presentation and occurs in 15-20% of women between menarche to menopause and significantly affects the women’s health. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and cause abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularity, infertility and premature menopause. Objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in women in reproductive age group with AUB.Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer and Medical Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital at Narayana Health City, Bangalore with abnormal uterine bleeding during the period of 2 years (December 2015 to November 2017), total 153 patients were included in the study. All women with AUB in reproductive age group were included. Diagnosed cases of ovarian cyst, uterine fibroid, polyp, adenomyosis, endometriosis and malignant (endometrial and cervical) tumors were excluded. Women who are on drugs or hormone therapy (for past 3 months. IUCD users/oral contraceptives pill user. Patients with known case of thyroid disorder, carcinoma thyroid patients with history of coagulation disorder, liver disorder, renal disorder, tuberculosis.Results: A total N=115 (75.2%) of patients who took part in this study had euthyroid status. The estimated prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 24.9%. Out of which n=22 (14.4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, n=14 (9.2%) had overt hypothyroidism, n=2 (1.3%) had hyperthyroidism. The most common thyroid dysfunction amongst the study group was noted to be subclinical hypothyroidism (14.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in cases which are clinically diagnosed as AUB. TSH is most sensitive test in detecting thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical cases need to be treated. Hence thyroid function evaluation should be made mandatory in cases of AUB to detect thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Thyroid Disorders and Prolactin Hormone and Their Association with Obesity in Infertile Women in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Suvana Maskey ◽  
Hima Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women

Introduction Thyroid dysfunction has profound effects on menstrual function and female fertility. Hypothyroidism is often associated with increased prolactin level which again worsens the problem. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in infertile women attending infertility outpatient department (OPD) in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) and to determine the association of hypothyroidism and hyperprolactenemia with obesity which is not well studied in our population. MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in infertility OPD of TUTH reviewing women’s records who underwent infertility workup and relevant history, clinical finding and results of investigations including thyroid function test (TFT) and serum prolactin (PRL) level were documented. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to identify the prevalence and associations of predictors and outcome variables. ResultsOut of 213 participants, the majority of the participants were obese (90; 42.3%) with mean (±SD) body mass index (BMI) being 24.8 ± 4.5 kg/m2. The prevalence of thyroid disorder was 18.4% including hypothyroidism 13.6% and hyperthyroidism 4.8%. There was no significant association of BMI and hyperprolactinemia with thyroid disorder as well as of BMI with hyperprolactinemia however the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) had significant positive correlation with prolactin (r=0.23, p<0.001). ConclusionThyroid disorders and hyperprolactinemia are commonly observed in infertile women, so they should be routinely screened during initial evaluation of infertility. As majority of the study population were obese, despite no significant association of BMI with thyroid disorder and hyperprolactinemia, the effect of weight gain on infertility cannot be overlooked.

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