scholarly journals Ethnic differences in the Prevalence of Thyroid disorders among population of Far Western Region of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Dipendra Raj Pandeya ◽  
Mahendra Prasad Bhatt ◽  
Mahesh Prakash Bhatta ◽  
Janardhan Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Thyroid disorder is second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes in the world. The burden of thyroid diseases in the general population is enormous especially in females. The aim of this paper is to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders among population of Far Western Region.Methods:  The present work was conducted to study the pattern of thyroid disorders among different ethnic groups attended to the LifeCare Diagnostics and Research Center Pvt. Ltd. Dhangadhi.  Total of 1000 patients suspected with thyroid disorders were enrolled in this study.  The incidence of thyroid disorders and its relationship with the different ethnic, age groups and gender were investigated.Results:  Out of 1000 patients with suspected thyroid dysfunction, 65.8% were euthyroid followed by 13.8 % of patients having subclinical hypothyroidism, 9.5% hypothyroidism, 7.9% hypothyroidism. The incidence subclinical hyperthyroidism 3.0% was lowest. Hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid disorders among ethnic groups, Chhetri 37.97% and Brahmin 40.57%. In addition, females were most affected among the population.Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid disorders in Far western population showed difference among different ethnic group. Public awareness of thyroid disorders and their potential complications could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic facilities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Disorder in FarWestern Part of Nepal: A Hospital Based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Naval Kishor Yadav ◽  
C Hanpari ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Shrewastwa ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Mittal ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Koner
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
The People ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Objectives: This study was conducted to know the status of thyroid disorder in people of far western region  of Nepal.Methods: A total of 808 cases, out of which 133 male and 675 female were included and study  was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the  Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, between 1st January, 2011 and 28th February, 2012.  The variables collected were age, sex, and thyroid function profile including free T3, free T4 and TSH. The  data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows  Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: The percentage  of thyroid disorders was 33.66% in people of far western region of Nepal. The people were highly affected  by overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). The subclinical  hypothyroidism was 7.9% while 1% overt hypothyroidism only. Serum fT3, fT4 and TSH level were significantly  different in male and females. Similarly, fT3, fT4 and TSH levels show statistically significant differences  in different thyroid disorders. The fT3 and fT4 level in overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical  hypothyroidism showed statistically significant differences when compared with euthyroidism group.  Likewise, TSH level also shows statistically significant in all the thyroid disorders when compared with  euthyroidism group. The fT3 and fT4 levels were statistically insignificant in all the age groups whereas  TSH level showed statistically significant different in all the age groups. The fT3 and fT4 level in 21-40  years showed statistically significant when compared with serum level of fT3 and fT4 of 0-20 years.  Similarly, serum level of TSH in 21-40 and 41-60 years also showed statistically significant when compared  with serum level of TSH of 0-20 years. Conclusion: The people residing in far western region have risk for  thyroid disorders. They were suffering with thyroid disorder, especially overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) and  subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). Further studies are required to characterize the reasons for this high  prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12601 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12

scholarly journals Drug utilization in treatment of thyroid disorders during pregnancy in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Olga Horvat ◽  
Zdenko Tomic ◽  
Vesna Mijatovic ◽  
Ana Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novi Sad

Introduction. Depleted uranium radiation and pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls resulting from bombings the territories of Serbia as well as the additional long-term stress may have affected the function of thyroid gland. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of drug utilization in the treatment of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy in Novi Sad. Material and Methods. Women who had given birth at the Department of Gynecology in 1989, 1999, 2007 and 2011 were interviewed during a one-month period about thyroid diseases in the pregnancy as well as the drugs they had taken. Results. Not a single pregnant woman was reported to have a thyroid disorder in 1989 and 1999, while in 2007 four women were reported to have a thyroid dysfunction. In 2011, fourteen out of 18 women with thyroid dysfunction were using levothyroxine and in most cases hypothyroidism was diagnosed as autoimmune Hashimoto thyroiditis. Conclusion. The study results suggest the necessity of performing more detailed analyses of the correlation between the frequency of the thyroid gland dysfunction and the effects of environmental pollution in Serbia.

scholarly journals A força da mulher argentina: resistência e luta política nas Madres de Plaza de Mayo e no grupo #NiUnaMenos

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Caroline Rios Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Agents

As trajetórias femininas na vida pública vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço, com mulheres do mundo tomando as ruas como forma de luta e resistência. Na Argentina, dois exemplos emblemáticos servem como espelho para outros movimentos: as Madres de Plaza de Mayo e as feministas do Ni Una Menos. Criados em diferentes contextos sociais, faixas etárias e motivações políticas, estes grupos se tornaram estandartes da luta política e reivindicação a nível federal, e até mesmo global. Similaridades e diferenças entre os dois grupos devem ser observadas para entender de forma adequada suas constituições enquanto agentes sociais e políticos. Além disso, pretendemos perceber como essas mulheres, jovens e senhoras, transformaram a questão do feminino e do gênero em sinônimo de uma luta frente a uma sociedade patriarcal em todo o mundo.Palavras-chave: Gênero, Resistência, Ni Una Menos, Madres de Plaza de Mayo AbstractWomen's trajectories in public life have been gaining more and more space, with women of the world taking over the streets as a form of struggle and resistance. In Argentina, two emblematic examples serve as a mirror to other movements: the Madres de Plaza de Mayo and the feminists of Ni Una Menos. Built on different social contexts, age groups, and political grounds, have become banners of political struggle and claim at federal, and even global, level. Similarities and differences must be observed to properly understand their constitutions as social and political agents. In addition, we intend to understand how these women, young and old, have transformed the issue of the feminine and gender into a struggle that clashes with a worldwide patriarchal society.Keywords: Gender, Resistance, Ni Una Menos, Madres de Plaza de Mayo

scholarly journals Primary Thyroid Disorders in Patients with Endogenous Hypercortisolism: An Observational Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Eda Demir Onal ◽  
Muhammed Sacikara ◽  
Fatma Saglam ◽  
Reyhan Ersoy ◽  
Bekir Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibody ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) may alter the performance of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis. We searched for a relationship between hypercortisolism and primary thyroid disorders. The medical records of 40 patients with CS were retrospectively examined. Thyroid ultrasonography (USG), basal thyroid function test results (TFT), and antithyroglobulin and antithyroperoxidase antibodies were analyzed. In 80 control subjects, matched by age and gender with CS patients, thyroid USG, TFTs, and autoantibody panel were obtained. Among the CS patients, 17 had nodular goiter, versus 24 controls (42.5% versus 30%,P>0.05). Among the twenty-five patients with an available TFT and autoantibody panel—before and after surgical curative treatment—autoantibody positivity was detected in 2 (8%) patients before and 3 (12%) after surgery (P=0.48). Regarding TFT results, 1 (2.5%) patient had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 1 (2.5%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, whereas 1 (2.5%) control had hyperthyroidism. In total, 21 (52.5%) patients and 32 (40%) controls had≥1 of the features of thyroid disorder, including goiter, positive thyroid autoantibody, and thyroid function abnormality; the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of primary thyroid disorders is not significantly increased in patients with CS.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BODY WEIGHT AND HEIGHT OF ADOLESCENTS FROM DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE PLOVDIV REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3873-3880
Author(s):  
Elena Merdzhanova ◽  
◽  
Penka Angelova ◽  
Nikolay Boyadjiev ◽  
Valentina Lalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To study the body weight and height of adolescents and to compare them with gender and age standards. All the children are from the Plovdiv region. Material and methods: About 185 children from three different ethnic groups have been studied. It also hase been developed and used specifically for this purpose an author's questionnaire for students, which contains open, closed, and mixed questions. Have been used descriptive statistics for quantitative (mean ± SD) and qualitative (percentage ± SEp) variables, also T-test for proving statistically significant differences between two independent samples. A p-value < 0.05 had been considered statistically significant for all tests. For the statistical processing, we have used the data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics v. 25. Results: The study was conducted in the Plovdiv district in the period of May 2019 - July 2019. The subject of the study has been 185 adolescents from different ethnic groups. The logical units of the study were schools in Plovdiv and the village of Karadzhovo, which is part of the Plovdiv municipality. The gender distribution is 101 (56.6%) boys and 84 (45.4%) girls. The study covered mainly 96 Bulgarian children (51.89% ± 3.67), followed by 30 Turkish (16.22% ± 2.71) and 59 Roma origin (31.89% ± 3.43). The group of adolescents has been included students aged 11 – 15 years old. In the group of 11-year-olds, 61 (32.97%) Bulgarian children usually play sports out of school, followed by 29 (15.67%) Roma and 16 (8.65%) Turkish children. We have proved statistically significant differences between mean weight, measured in our sample compared to the population standard for the age of 11 years old boys (n=28, 45.84±13.42 kg vs n=134, 39.74±7.15 kg; t-test=2.34, p=0.026) and girls (n=35, 45.49±10.46 kg vs n=135, 41.60±9.03 kg; t-test=2.24, p=0.029), respectively. The height measured for both genders in this age group had not been statistically significantly different compared to the standard. No other differences between sample point estimates and population standard had been obtained by age groups and gender. Conclusion: For the age of 11-12 years old children, higher body weight had been found in the Bulgarian boys. The girls with the average highest values had been of Turkish origin.

scholarly journals Study on thyroid function test in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Nayak ◽  
Manorama Swain ◽  
Sujata Misra ◽  
Manju Kumari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Free T4

Thyroid disorder is a very common endocrine problem encountered by pregnant women. Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse outcome both in mother and fetus. The aim of the study: to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, F.M. Medical College & Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from June 2020 to May 2021. 220 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were included. Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were estimated by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Results. Out of 220 pregnant women screened for thyroid dysfunction, 68 were found to have thyroid disorders. 27.3 % of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.4 % had overt hypothyroidism, 1.8 % had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had overt hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.36 % when the upper reference limit of TSH level taken as 4 mIU/L. Prevalence of thyroid disorder among pregnant women in the age groups 18–25 years, 26–30 years and 31–40 years were 28.9 %, 32.1 % and 38.9 % respectively. There were 35.5 %, 28 % and 26 % pregnant women with thyroid disorders in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Prevalence of both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were more in multigravida compared to primigravida. Conclusion. Our study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common pattern.

scholarly journals The study of maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women with thyroid disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreelatha S. ◽  
Seema Nadagoudar ◽  
Asha Devi L.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine disorders in pregnant women after diabetes mellitus. Several changes are observed in maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and failure to adapt to these physiological changes results in thyroid dysfunction. It is well established that not only overt, but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effect on mother and the fetus, like miscarriages, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, eclampsia, polihydromnios, placental abruption, post-partum haemorrhage, low birth weight, neonatal hypothyroidism. Decreased availability of thyroid hormones may also impair neurological and intellectual development of foetus. With this background, we are conducting a study to know the effect of thyroid disorders on pregnancy and its maternal and the fetal outcome.Methods: The present study was conducted in ESI Hospital Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore. It is a prospective study which involved 100 patients diagnosed to have thyroid disorder during their antenatal checkup in the first trimister. It also includes known cases of thyroid disorder. TSH level was estimated. If it is deranged, then FT3 and FT4 levels estimated. Patients were managed accordingly and followed till delivery. Their obstetric and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: In our study out of 100 cases, 96 cases are subclinical hypohyroid and 4 cases are subclinical hyperthyroid. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy are associated with abortions (2.1%), Anaemia (4.20%), PIH (14.7%), GDM (4.2%), Preterm labour (3.1%), oligohydromnios (16.67%), Lscs (22.9%), PPH (6.3%), LBW (21.9%), Hyperbilirubinemia (9.4%), NICU admission (14.6%), Which are co-relatine with other studies and hyperthyroid cases in our study were not sufficient for outcome analysis.Conclusions: Thyroid disorders in pregnancy have adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in abnormal uterine bleeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2905
Author(s):  
Aditi Rai ◽  
Sapna Raina
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most frequent presentation to gynecology OPD. AUB is a common but complicated clinical presentation and occurs in 15-20% of women between menarche to menopause and significantly affects the women’s health. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and cause abnormal sexual development, menstrual irregularity, infertility and premature menopause. Objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in women in reproductive age group with AUB.Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer and Medical Center and Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital at Narayana Health City, Bangalore with abnormal uterine bleeding during the period of 2 years (December 2015 to November 2017), total 153 patients were included in the study. All women with AUB in reproductive age group were included. Diagnosed cases of ovarian cyst, uterine fibroid, polyp, adenomyosis, endometriosis and malignant (endometrial and cervical) tumors were excluded. Women who are on drugs or hormone therapy (for past 3 months. IUCD users/oral contraceptives pill user. Patients with known case of thyroid disorder, carcinoma thyroid patients with history of coagulation disorder, liver disorder, renal disorder, tuberculosis.Results: A total N=115 (75.2%) of patients who took part in this study had euthyroid status. The estimated prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 24.9%. Out of which n=22 (14.4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, n=14 (9.2%) had overt hypothyroidism, n=2 (1.3%) had hyperthyroidism. The most common thyroid dysfunction amongst the study group was noted to be subclinical hypothyroidism (14.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in cases which are clinically diagnosed as AUB. TSH is most sensitive test in detecting thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical cases need to be treated. Hence thyroid function evaluation should be made mandatory in cases of AUB to detect thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Thyroid Abnormalities and Its Association with Anemia in ASIR Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-504
Author(s):  
Saif Aboud M. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Asir Region

The thyroid gland plays a significant role in the metabolism and proliferation of blood cells; hematological disorders are frequently observed in patients with thyroid disorders, and the most frequent problem is anemia. The main objective of this research work is to evaluate the prevalence and types of thyroid dysfunction and their association with anemia in different gender stratified by age in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Four years of data from July 2016 to July 2020 for 9992 study subjects were collected. Statistical analysis was performed based on thyroid disorder and anemia stratified by gender and age subgroup. The mean age of the study subject was 43.4 ± 15.8 years, and females constituted 61.7% of cases. Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 49.76% (4973), and subclinical hypothyroidism was the most prevalent type (3922/9992), followed by primary hypothyroidism (530/9992). Females have a significantly higher overall prevalence of thyroid dysfunction than males (p < 0.05). Anemia was detected in 1344 females and 465 males with a thyroid disorder, and also, the prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05), compared to the normal thyroid group. Thyroid disorders are a common problem in our population, more prevalent in females than males, with the peak age of above 30 years, and are associated with an increased prevalence of anemia.

Differences in Accelerometer-Measured Patterns of Physical Activity and Sleep/Rest Between Ethnic Groups and Age: An Analysis of UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Dawkins ◽  
Tom Yates ◽  
Cameron Razieh ◽  
Charlotte L. Edwardson ◽  
Ben Maylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
White Adults

Background: Physical activity and sleep are important for health; whether device-measured physical activity and sleep differ by ethnicity is unclear. This study aimed to compare physical activity and sleep/rest in white, South Asian (SA), and black adults by age. Methods: Physical activity and sleep/rest quality were assessed using accelerometer data from UK Biobank. Linear regressions, stratified by sex, were used to analyze differences in activity and sleep/rest. An ethnicity × age group interaction term was used to assess whether ethnic differences were consistent across age groups. Results: Data from 95,914 participants, aged 45–79 years, were included. Overall activity was 7% higher in black, and 5% lower in SA individuals compared with white individuals. Minority ethnic groups had poorer sleep/rest quality. Lower physical activity and poorer sleep quality occurred at a later age in black and SA adults (>65 y), than white adults (>55 y). Conclusions: While black adults are more active, and SA adults less active, than white adults, the age-related reduction appears to be delayed in black and SA adults. Sleep/rest quality is poorer in black and SA adults than in white adults. Understanding ethnic differences in physical activity and rest differ may provide insight into chronic conditions with differing prevalence across ethnicities.

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