scholarly journals Pattern and Risk Assessment of Bedsore in Hospitalized Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Md Monoarul Haque ◽  
Pradip Kumar Saha ◽  
Sumaiya Zabin Eusuf Zai ◽  
Sarder Mahmud Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Greater Trochanter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Common Area

Objective: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to assess pattern and risk factors of bedsore in hospital admitted patients in Dhaka city with a sample size of 114.Methods: A pretested, modified, questionnaire was used to collect the data. All the data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science 16.0 versions. Results: Study found that 17.5%, 41.2%, 27.2% and 14% of the respondents belonged to age group of 1-20 years, 21-40 years, 41-60 years and 61-80 years respectively with mean age 37.97 +16.909 years.  Responsible diseases for bedsore were spinal cord injury (41.2%), fracture (30%), stroke (24%), unconsciousness (7.2%) and GBS (2.8%) respectively. Study revealed that common area of bedsore were back of the sacrum (57%), back of the scapula (34.2%), medial aspect of knee joint (22.8%), malleoli (21.1%), greater trochanter of femur (15.8%), external occipital protuberance (14%), olecranon process of ulna (9.6%), above the coccyx (9.6%), iliac crest (7%), spine of the scapula (3.5%), posterior superior iliac joint (2.6%) and sacro-iliac joint (1.8%) respectively. Study also found that superficial and deep type of bedsore were 58.8% and 41.2% consecutively. Besides study revealed that 26.3% of the respondents were diabetic, 31.6% obese, 28.1% suffering from malnutrition, 61.4% did not use pneumatic bed and 7.2% patients did not maintain proper positioning 2 hourly and these were the risk factors of this study. Significant association was found between type of bed sore and use of pneumatic bed (P=0.000<0.05) as well as nutritional status (P=0.004<0.05).Conclusions: Changing position and use of pneumatic bed was best methods of prevention of bedsore.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i2.21049

scholarly journals Association between Diabetes and Cognitive Function among People over 45 Years Old in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jiao Yang ◽  
Zhangyi Liao ◽  
Xiaomeng Zhao ◽  
Xuefeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Status

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between diabetes status including characteristics of diabetes and cognition among the middle-aged and elderly population (≥45 years) in China. Methods: A sample of 8535 people who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from June 2011 to March 2012 was analyzed. Two cognitive domains including episodic memory and executive function were measured through questionnaires. People were classified into four groups: no diabetes, controlled diabetes, untreated diabetes, treated but uncontrolled diabetes. Weighted multiple regression model was conducted to explore the association between diabetes and cognition in full sample as well as three different age groups (45–59, 60–74, ≥75). Adjustments were made for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: After adjusting several covariates, untreated diabetes (β = −0.192, p < 0.05) was significantly associated with episodic memory. In the age group of 45–69 years, untreated diabetes (β = −0.471, p < 0.05) and HbA1c level (β = −0.074, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with episodic memory. When adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, all correlations were non-significant. Conclusion: The cross-sectional study suggests that untreated diabetes and HbA1c are the potential risk factor for cognitive impairment, and these associations are more significant in the age group of 45–59 years old. Cardiovascular factors are important mediating factors in the pathway between diabetes and cognitive impairment. More longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic distribution of hypertension and its risk factors among urban slum adults of Tirupati: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Sankar Deekala ◽  
Ravi Prabhu G. ◽  
Altaf Hussain R. ◽  
Saritha Kadari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Distribution ◽  
Urban People

Background: Some of the community surveys have documented that between three and six decades, prevalence of hypertension has increased by about 30 times in urban people and by about 10 times among the rural area people. Urban population of developing countries is showing similar prevalence to that of developed countries. Treating hypertension has been associated with 15% reduction in incidence of myocardial infarction and 40% reduction of stroke. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among adults aged between 30-50 years in selected urban slum areas of Tirupati and to know the associated important risk factors with hypertension in the study subjects.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban slum community of Tirupati, to estimate the prevalence and its risk factors of Hypertension by using the JNC VII criteria. This study was conducted during January 2012 to February 2013, among 2136 subjects of 30-50 years age group. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found 481 (22.5%), majority of them belongs to the age group of 45-50 years 212 (44.0%) and lowest in 30-35 years 45 (9.3%). Hypertension was predominant in males 186 (30.1%) than females 295 (19.4%). Conclusions: This study found that there is increasing trend of prevalence of hypertension in the urban community. This study suggests to health planners to take remedial measures to address growing hypertension in the community through health education about lifestyle changes, dietary modification, and avoidance of stress. 

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of hypertension and their risk factors in fishermen of Chennai district

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Gopal Muthukrishnan ◽  
Suresh Balan Kumaraswamy Pillai Uma ◽  
Anantharaman V. V.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the major public health issues in worldwide. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in fishermen of Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted among 519 fishermen at the coastal areas of north Chennai district selected by multistage cluster sampling method.Results: In our present study, the significantly associated with the factors included age, level of education, economic status, marital status, BMI, diabetes mellitus, diet, smoking and alcohol user were significantly association (p<0.05) with hypertension. The study included 519 fishermen. Among them, 63% (328) were in the age group of 36–55 years, 24% (124) were in the age group of 18-35 years, 13% (67) were >55 years. The fishermen population showed a prevalence of 46.6% for hypertension. The prevalence of smoking tobacco use and alcohol use were found 34.30% and 71.68%. The average SBP and DBP was 127 and 84 mmHg respectively. The mean BMI was 24 (4.38) kg/m2. The prevalence of hypertension was found in 45% and 38.73% were having abdominal obesity.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was higher than the general population. The present study showed a significant association between the duration of alcohol use and prevalence of hypertension although smoking was not found to have significant association. The present study supports the association of obesity with hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in young adults attending a tertiary care institute of Nagpur: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3630
Author(s):  
Chaitanya R. Patil ◽  
Durgesh Prasad Sahoo ◽  
Manjusha Dhoble ◽  
Abhijit Kherde ◽  
Asim Inamdar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is a silent killer and global public health problem. With the advent of globalization affecting the lifestyle of the population, non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes etc. is affecting the young adults (18 to 40 years). The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among young adults (18 to 40 years) attending a tertiary care centre of Nagpur.Methods: This was a cross sectional study on 370 participants of age 18 to 40 years attending the outpatient department of urban health training centre in Nagpur. Data was collected using pretested and pre designed questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done by standard guidelines. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer in sitting position. Data was analyzed using Epi info version 7.2. Chi square test/ fisher’s exact test has been used to find the difference between two proportions. Unadjusted odds ratio was calculated for various risk factors studied. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was done to calculate the adjusted odds ratio. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 23.24%. The prevalence was higher among males (25%) when compared to females (22.3%). Body mass index and waist hip ratio were significantly higher among the hypertensive when compared to normotensive study population (p<0.01). For every one year increase in age, the odds ratio increases by 1.06 (1.02 to 1.09) and the subjects who were overweight were having 2.15 odds of being hypertensive. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of hypertension among the adults of age group of 18 to 40 years. The population with high body mass index, high waist to hip ratio and age group of 30 to 40 years were found to be associated with hypertension. Early surveillance and prompt treatment forms will help in decreasing the cardiovascular risk of young adults in near future. 

scholarly journals Study of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among the Residents of Semi Urban Region of Eastern Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Amar Kumar Yadav ◽  
Manoj Kumar Thakur ◽  
Sakar Babu Gharti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: Low-income countries like Nepal experience a double disease burden infectious diseases risk as well as rising incidence of non-communicable diseases .The present cross sectional study assesses the prevalence of overweight and associated factors in ward no. 1 and 3 of Tankisinuwari VDC, Morang. Materials and Methods: A Community based cross sectional study was conducted in ward no. 1 and 3 of Tankisinuwari VDC, Morang. Total 152 (10%) households were selected by systematic random sampling technique and then 590 individuals (male 323 and female 267), with the age ranging from 10 to 70 years were included in the study. Measurement of weight and height was done by calibrated standard weighing scale and measuring tape. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 16.1%  which was significantly more among  male (11.5%)  than in  female ( 4.6%)  while prevalence of obesity was 2.5% , which was significantly more among  female (2.2%),   than male (0.3)%, P<0.05.The prevalence of overweight was seen more in the age group ≥50 years (7.1%) and obesity was seen more in age group 30-49 years ((2.0%).  The prevalence of overweight (13.9%) and obesity (2.4%) among married group were found significantly more than unmarried population where the prevalence of overweight and obesity were (2.2%) and (0.2%) respectively, P<0.05. Prevalence of obesity among those who had short sleep of 6 hours (1.4%) and overweight (3.9%) was observed which significantly more than among those who slept 7 hour or 8 hour. P=0.013. Conclusion: The role of risk factors in development of obesity like short sleep and long sleep duration, physical inactivity and mode of transport were observed to be associated with overweight and obesity. Demographic factors like age, gender and marital status was found to be associated with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of viral hepatitis B and C in Punjab, Pakistan: a multicenter cross-sectional study, 2017-18

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Saira Afzal ◽  
Aashifa Yaqoob ◽  
Razia Fatima ◽  
Mahboob Ul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Globally, approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which are responsible for 96% of all hepatitis-related mortality. Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of HCV in the world. Methods: We conducted this study to ascertain the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections in Punjab. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 24 Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Clinics of the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center clinics, Lahore. A total of 141,705 individuals who visited the clinics during 2017-18 were included for seroprevalence analysis of hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (Anti-HCV). In addition, 12,427 individuals from the main group underwent detailed face-to-face interviews based on a predesigned questionnaire for risk factor assessment. Results: The overall prevalence for HBV and HCV was 8.4% and 42.7%, respectively. Of those with HCV infection, 4.2% had a co-infection. The transgender population had a higher seroprevalence of HBV (11.8%) and HCV (58.8%). Higher HBV seroprevalence was found in a younger age group (16-30 years), while the older age group (>61 years) had a higher HCV seroprevalence. Geographically, Muzaffargarh district had the highest HBV seroprevalence at 26%, followed by Rajanpur district (20.3%). HCV seroprevalence was significantly (P value <0.05) higher in Shujabad district (66.4%), followed by Muzaffargarh (65.2%). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, age, gender, intravenous injections, hijama therapy, dental procedure, circumcision by barbers, barber shaving, hospitalization and having had surgical procedures were all found to be significant risk factors (OR >1; p<0.05) for HBV and HCV. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for proper implementation of preventive and control strategies, as well as formal evaluation and monitoring mechanisms. Sustainable and adequate funding of public-sector hepatitis programs is also an extremely important area that should not be neglected.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Appendicitis at Surgery Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2497-2499
Author(s):  
Laraib Zafar ◽  
Kiran Maqbool ◽  
Maj Uzma Javed Gul ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmad Khan ◽  
Arshid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Surgical Department

Background: Appendicitis needs immediate surgical intervention based on indication in the pediatric age group. Among high-risk young children, the prevalence of pre-existing perforation ranges from 30% to 75%. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for appendicitis in the inpatient surgical department. Place and Duration: Study was conducted at surgical department of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalakot for the period of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Materials and Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 patients with acute appendicitis diagnosed and confirmed by Ultrasonography among the patients admitted to the surgical department during October 2020 to March 2021. Pretested questionnaire were used to collect and record the necessary information. Results: The sample size of 102 patients had 61 (60%) males and 41 (40%) were females. Appendicitis patients were divided into four age groups: 10-19 years 16 (15.7%), 20-29 years 19 (32.35%), 30-39 years 15 (14.7%), 40-49 years 14 (13.7%), and 50-59 years 7 (.6.8 %). The male-to-female ratio was 3:2. (60 %, 40 %). The most common complaints are abdominal pain (100%), vomiting (55.12%), and fever (87.21%). Based on histopathological diagnosis, the categorical distributions of appendicitis were Acute Appendicitis (48.10%), Lymphoid Hyperplasia (25.50%), and Resolving Appendicitis (47.05%). Conclusion: The prevalence of acute appendicitis is more common in males especially in the age group of 20-29 years based on histological diagnosis. Keywords: Appendicitis, Cross-sectional Study

scholarly journals Determination of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in the Endemic Region in Turkey: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rıza Çıtıl ◽  
Mücahit Eğri ◽  
Yalçın Önder ◽  
Fazilet Duygu ◽  
Yunus Emre Bulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Objectives. Turkey is one of the countries that has the most cases of CCHF in recent years among the endemic countries. The disease also poses an important health threat with high mortality rate. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of CCHF in adults aged ≥20 years in Tokat in the endemic region, Turkey. Methods. In this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 85 Family Medicine Units (FMUs), from over 170 in Tokat, were randomly selected using 50% sampling. The sample size was determined among the subjects aged ≥20 who registered with the FMUs, due to gender, age group, and the urban/rural population size of Tokat using the stratified cluster sampling method. Subjects were invited to the FMUs. A questionnaire was performed face to face. The blood samples were taken, and anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies were measured with ELISA method. Results. 1272 (54.9%) out of 2319 participants were female, and the mean age was 47.3 ± 15.3. Anti-CCHFV IgG seropositivity was 5.6% (n = 130). Seropositivity rates in terms of adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were higher 2.53 times (95% CI: 1.57–4.08; p = 0.001 ) in males; 4.05 (95% CI: 2.14–7.65; p < 0.001 ) in age group ≥65; 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14–0.76; p < 0.001 ) in graduates of high school and above; 0.71 (95%CI: 0.33–1.52; p < 0.001 ) in ones with good income; 1.84 (95%CI: 1.18–2.86; p < 0.001 ) in farmers; 1.64 (95% CI: 1.04–2.27; p < 0.001 ) in people dealing with animal husbandry; and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.03–2.29; p < 0.001 ) in those with history of tick contact. Conclusions. CCHF seroprevalence is still a common public health problem in Tokat, Turkey. Male gender, advanced age group, low-educated, low-income, farmers, animal husbandry, and history of tick contact were found to be risk factors for CCHF. The importance of this kind of community-based studies to identify the seroprevalence in regional and national level increases even more.

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