scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Dayak Onion Leaves (Eleutherine americana Merr.) Toward Wistar Female Rats Using OECD 425 Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Sri Wahdaningsih ◽  
Eka Kartika Untari ◽  
Robiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Eleutherine Americana ◽  
Single Dosage

Pre-clinically, the potential of Eleutherine americana Merr. as antioxidant has been studied, but it’s safety level of its safety has not been widely known. Safety level of ethanolic extract of E. americana Merr leaves (EEEaL) can be detected by acute toxicity test using OECD 425. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of EEEaL as the guideline of its safe dose for therapy. This test was performed through OECD 425 (Up and Down Procedure) method with two doses (2000 and 5000 mg/kgbw) of EEEaL administration orally which observed for two weeks toward Wistar rats. The results of the test dose showed no toxic symptoms and they did not cause death in the test animals. Single dosage up to 5000 mg/kgbw also did not show any symptoms of toxicity, and did not cause weight loss until the 14th day of test. The LD50 value of EEEaL is more than 5000 mg/kgbw, suggesting that the plants is practically non toxic according to Loomis classification. Phytochemical screening showed that EEEaL contains compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 171-177, 2019 (December)

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acalypha hispida LEAVES IN FEMALE RATS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzah Alfarisi ◽  
Mawar Subangkit ◽  
Siti Sa’diah ◽  
Tutik Wresdiyati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Glomerular Cell ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm

This research aims to evaluate the safety of ethanolic extract of Acalypha hispida (A. hispida) leaves with acute toxicity test using 15 female rats strain Sprague-Dawley. A single dose of different doses of extract (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight) was administrated orally, and theobservation was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless (LD50 16 g/kg BW), did not affect body weight, and did not show clinical signs of toxicity during the observation periods. The parameters of blood serumbiochemistry of all extract-treated groups (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea) did not change significantly  compared to the control group. The histological observation of the liver showed a significant increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei at all doses. However, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves did not significantly affect glomerulus/Bowman’s capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, and the proportion of normal cell tubule. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless with LD5016 g/kg BW and seems to be safe in low doses (2 g/kg BW).

scholarly journals Acute toxicity test ethanol extract of kerehau leaf (Callicarpa longifolia Lamk) using OECD 420 method

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Aulia Istiqomah ◽  
◽  
Shintya Safitri ◽  
Elis Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Ld50 Value

Background: Kerehau is empirically used as cooling powder to treat acne. Based on previous research, kerehau leaves have a number of activities, including wound healing, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the safety level of a single dose of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves within a 24-hour administration period. Methods: Acute toxicity testing of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves was carried out on female Webster mice. Test animals were divided into 4 treatment groups, consisting of 1 control group and 3 test groups. The testing method referred to OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) 420 with modified doses of 2000mg/kgBW, 5000 mg/kgBW, and 8000 mg/kgBW. The observations were made on the behaviour of animals towards toxicity symptoms for 4 hours after administration of the test substance as well as death. The death and weight gain were observed for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals were sacrificed, blood was taken, and biochemical parameters were measured. The heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and lungs were harvested and weighed. Data was analysed using Oneway ANOVA continued with LSD and Post Hoc. Results: The results showed that ethanol extract of kerehau leaves did not cause death in all of the groups. There were significant differences in liver weight, SGPT, and SGOT levels (p< 0.05) at the dose of 5000 mg/kgBW. No toxicity symptoms and death were found until the end of the experiment. Conclusion: LD50 value of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves was above 8000 mg/kgBW with heart as the most affected organ. Keywords: Ethanol extract of kerehau leaves, acute toxicity test, OECD 420.

Acute toxicity test for the ethanolic extract of the white oyster mushroom

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
S.B. Rahimah ◽  
Y. Kharisma ◽  
M.K. Dewi ◽  
J. Hartati ◽  
W. Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

scholarly journals The Safety of Areca Seed Ethanolic Extract as Potential Chemopreventive Agent is Proven by Acute Toxicity Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Riris Istighfari Jenie ◽  
Ratna Asmah Susidarti
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Areca Catechu

Areca (Areca catechu L.) seeds ethanolic extract (AE) exhibits antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis on T47D and MCF-7 cells. This study aimed to verify AE safety using acute toxicity test to support its development as chemopreventive agent. Male Sprague Dawley Rat (Rattus norvegicus) age 8 weeks divided into five groups, one group of control treated with 0.5% CMC-Na only and four groups for treatment. Single dose in oral administration was done to test animal with various dose of AE starts from lowest dose to highest dose expected toxic to all of test animal (0.1; 0.72; 5.36 and 10 gram/kgBW). Observation was done during 24 hours and continued for 14 days. The observation criteria were toxic symptoms, appearance and mechanism of toxic effect and pathology of vital organ. Histopathology analysis of some vital organs was done with Haematoxyllin&Eosin (H&E) staining. Toxic effect did not appear either on treatment groups or control group. Treatment of single dose of areca ethanolic extract, even in highest dose, did not cause the death of the animals. Therefore, observation extended to 14 days and terminated by necroption of the animals. All of groups did not show histopathological alterations in microscopic observation. Category of the potential toxicity of AE is practically non-toxic, ie 10 g/kgBW. The result shows the safety of areca seed ethanolic extract which is important for its development as chemopreventive agent.Keywords: Areca catechu, acute toxicity, rat

scholarly journals Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Jantung Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) dalam Uji Toksisitas Akut Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lmk.) dan Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Novia Hilma ◽  
Nuri Nuri ◽  
Endah Puspitasari ◽  
Indah Yulia Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Cardiac Histopathology

Jati belanda leaves (Guazuma ulmifolia Lmk.) and Roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been known for their activity as antihyperlipidemia with different mechanisms. Combination of these plants was expected to has a synergy effect in reducing cholesterol. However, the toxicity of jati belanda leaves and roselle petals extract combination must be investigated for knowing its safety. Based on the acute toxicity test, the LD50 value of jati belanda leaves and roselle petals extract combination was >5,000 mg/kg bw. It was classified as category 5 or unclassified. This research aimed to study about its effect in cardiac by cardiac histopathology examinations of the rats. The result showed that there was no cardiac histopathology changes of the rats at doses 5,000 mg/kg bw.   Keywords: jati belanda leaves, roselle petals, acute toxicity, cardiac histopathology  

The Effectiveness of Ethanolic Extract ofAmaranthus tricolorL.: A Natural Hepatoprotective Agent

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (06) ◽  
pp. 1051-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Time Determination

The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus tricolor L. (ATE) leaves was tested for its efficacy against CCl4-induced liver toxicity in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of ATE was evaluated via measuring various liver toxicity parameters, the lipid profile, and a histopathological evaluation. A sleeping time determination study and an acute toxicity test were performed in mice. The results clearly showed that oral administration of ATE for three weeks significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum GOT, GPT, GGT, ALP, bilirubin, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, TG, and MDA induced by CCl4. Moreover, ATE treatment was also found to significantly increase the activities of NP-SH and TP in liver tissue. These biochemical findings have been supported by the evaluation of the liver histopathology in rats. The prolongation of narcolepsy induced by pentobarbital was shortened significantly by the extract. The acute toxicity test showed that no morbidity or mortality was caused by the extract. The observed hepatoprotective effect appears to be due to the antioxidant properties of A. tricolor, which may pave the way to finding a new drug to be used for fighting liver diseases.

scholarly journals Safety Profile of Meswak Root Extract on Liver, Kidney, Sexual Hormones and Hematological Parameters of Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Abeer Y. IBRAHIM ◽  
Souad E. El-GENGAIHI
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Delayed Toxicity

This study was conducted to investigate the safety profile of Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae) aqueous alcoholic root extract by carrying out acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessment in order to find out any side effect of the traditionally using of these root sticks. Regarding to acute toxicity test, mice were administered the extract up to 5 g kg-1, intraperitoneally. Animals were then observed for behavioural changes; signs of toxicity, and mortality within 24 h. Surviving mice were monitored for 7 days for signs of delayed toxicity. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, rats were daily treated with the extract at a dose of 400 mg kg-1 intraperitoneally, for 30 days. At the end of the test period, hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood and serum samples with determination of vital organs weights. In the acute toxicity test, the extract was practically non-toxic showing no mortality and visible signs of delayed toxicity. The LD50, given intraperitoneally, was estimated to be 4 g kg-1. Administration of extract (at a dose of 400 mg Kg-1 b.wt.) to male and female rats for 30 days did not produce any significant (P < 0.05) effect on hematological and most biochemical parameters also vital organs weights. The root extract showed adverse effects on sexual hormones, by increasing estrogen secretion and reducing testosterone level in male rats. At the same time, the extract reduces progesterone level in female satellite group. Overall, Meswak aqueous extract is safe concerning liver and kidney functions and hematological assessments; however, it induces reversal effect on sexual hormones levels determined in sera.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Tests of Basil Leaves (Ocimumsanctum) Ethanolic Extract Determined By LD50 and Renal Histopathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Cholis Abrori ◽  
Khana Nurfadhila ◽  
Elly Nurus Sakinah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Renal Histopathology ◽  
Ld50 Value

Basil leaves are widely used as herbal remedies and have proven many benefits because the content of phytonutrients includes antioxidants, but at certain doses a compound retains a probability of causing toxicity in the body. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of basil leaves seen from the value of LD50 range and renal histopathology which is the vital organ of the target of toxicity in the body. The method of acute oral toxicity test was OECD 420 fix dose procedure method with a group of 5 Balb/c female mice given a multilevel dosage. The initial dose is 2000 mg/Kg.b.w selected on a sighting study as a dose that may cause mild toxicity symptoms but does not cause death. There are 2 groups consist of treatment with dose at LD50 value and control. The result of this research showed that LD50 value of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum > 2000 mg/Kg.b.w. The mean renal histopathologyc scores between the control and the treatment were significantly different by The Mann-Whitney test with significance value of p=0.018. Ocimum sanctum ethanolic extract is classified as non-toxic compounds but there was a change in renal histopathology of mice in the form of focal lesions after acute exposure at highest dose of OECD 420 method. Keywords: acute toxicity test, renal histopathology, basil leaves

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