scholarly journals Effect of Birth Interval on Neonatal and Post Neonatal Mortality in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Radia Taisir ◽  
Most Fatima Tuz Zahura ◽  
Wasimul Bari
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Index Child ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Previous Birth ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between previous birth interval and infant mortality using the data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2011. For the purpose of regression analysis, the Cox proportional hazard model has been used. Results demonstrate significant effects of previous birth interval on neonatal mortality, but not on post neonatal mortality. If the previous birth interval is less than two years or greater than three years, the index child experiences high risk of neonatal mortality. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 65(1): 35-39, 2017 (January)

Age at onset and outcome in schizophrenia are related to the degree of familial loading

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana M. Suvisaari ◽  
Jari Haukka ◽  
Antti Tanskanen ◽  
Jouko K. Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundRecent research suggests that high familial loading is associated with early onset of schizophrenia. Results concerning outcome have been controversial.MethodWe assessed the relationship between familial loading, age at onset and outcome in all Finnish patients with schizophrenia born between 1950 and 1969. Patients and their first-degree relatives were identified using nationwide registers. Familial loading scores were calculated for schizophrenia and for combined psychotic disorders, and patients were accordingly classified into three groups: high (n = 761), intermediate (n = 14 247), and low familial loading (n = 725). Linear mixed models and the Cox proportional hazard model were used in the analyses.ResultsOnset was earliest, hospitalisation longest and risk of retirement in receipt of a disability pension highest in the group with high familial loading, with opposite extremes found in the group with low familial loading.ConclusionsHigh familial loading for schizophrenia is associated with early onset and poor outcome of schizophrenia.

Incorporating molecular markers in standard prognostic models for DLBCL patients using real-world data.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19251-e19251
Author(s):  
Shivam Mathura ◽  
Vicki Kay Fung ◽  
Keshava Dilwali ◽  
Ashwin Subramanian Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
The Relationship

e19251 Background: NCCN-IPI is a prognostic scoring system that outperforms other risk classification mechanisms in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) but does not consider the molecular profile of patients. We evaluated the predictive value of NCCN-IPI and clinically relevant molecular markers on the overall survival (OS) of patients with diagnosed DLBCL in real-world data (RWD). Methods: Patients diagnosed with DLBCL were identified in the COTA RWD population, and then subset to those with sufficient attributes to calculate NCCN-IPI at diagnosis (age, stage, LDH ratio, performance status, extranodal disease) and those who received a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20 (n = 383). This population was further filtered to patients tested for BCL-2, BCL-6, and C-MYC (n = 176). Disease characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests of independence were performed to assess the relationship between NCCN-IPI Risk-Group and molecular marker results. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic features of OS. Results: There were statistically significant relationships between NCCN-IPI Risk-Group and both BCL-2 (p = 0.007) and C-MYC (p < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for the number of molecular markers tested. A Cox proportional hazard model with the three molecular markers as covariates revealed a statistically significant correlation between the presence of C-MYC alteration and decreased OS (HR = 2.02, CI: 1.24-3.32, p = 0.005). However, when NCCN-IPI Risk-Group was added as a covariate, the relationship between C-MYC and OS was no longer significant. The hazard ratios associated with high-intermediate and high risk groups were larger than that of the low-intermediate group. All three of these risk groups were statistically significant in the model (p < 0.038). Conclusions: The inclusion of molecular markers to the NCCN-IPI prognostic model did not increase predictive power in this RWD cohort. We validated the NCCN-IPI model and found it to be a robust tool for classifying risk and estimating OS in patients who have received a CD20 monoclonal antibody. A larger sample size would increase power to further explore the impact of molecular markers on overall survival. [Table: see text]

Differentials and determinants of neonatal mortality in Pakistan: A cross sectional analysis (PDHS 2017-18)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Asifa Kamal ◽  
Abeera Shakeel ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Toilet Facility

Abstract Objective: To investigate differentials and determinants of neonatal mortality in Pakistan. Methods: Study design was cross sectional. Data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS 2017-18) was used. Data collection period for PDHS 2017-18 was from 22 November 2017 to 30 April 2018. Neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) were computed to observe the differentials in NMR for various categories of socio-demographic factors. Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to identify significant factors affecting neonatal mortality. Results: Hazard of neonatal mortality had significantly decreased as household size increased (HR 0.41 and HR 0.36). Household with improved toilet facility had significantly lower chances (HR 0.57) of neonatal death as compared to that with unimproved toilet facility. Significantly elevated risk (HR 5.56) of neonate death was observed in case of multiple births. Children had better chances (HR 0.32; HR 0.34) of surviving in neonatal period as duration of birth spacing increased (24-35 months; 36 or more months). Conclusion: Household size, improved toilet facilities, multiple births and preceding birth intervals were found to have significant effect on neonatal mortality. Significant protective factors of neonate deaths were large household size, improved toilet facilities, singleton births and long birth interval. Keywords: PDHS 2017-18, Neonatal Mortality Rate, Cox Proportional Hazard Model

scholarly journals Does experience exert impact on a public-private partnership performance? The case of Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-522
Author(s):  
Joanna Węgrzyn
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Operation Phase ◽  
The Relationship

Research background: Researchers traditionally assume that learning is a product of experience. In general, it means that learning can only take place through the attempt to solve a problem and therefore only takes place during activity (Arrow, 1962). On the ground of organizational theory, it has two implications. First, we can agree that repeated activity requires less effort. Second, we can argue that firms undertake activities, with which they have been the most successful in the past and that they expect to be the most successful in the future. Purpose of the article: The aim of the research is twofold. Firstly, this article aims to investigate if we can identify a relationship between the experience in PPP projects and the performance of initiatives of this kind. Secondly, the article aims to provide an interpretation of the relationship between experience and PPP performance. Methods: This research investigates factors influencing the survival of PPP projects in Poland over the period 2009–2015. Cox proportional hazard model is utilized to distinguish between PPPs that succeeded to the operation phase and those that were canceled on the procurement stage. Findings & Value added: The research confirms the existence of a positive relationship between experience in PPP and the outcome of a PPP development.

scholarly journals MODEL REGRESI COX UNTUK MENGANALISIS PENGARUH FAKTOR ASUPAN MAKANAN TERHADAP RISIKO KEKAMBUHAN ENDOMETRIOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Ning Eliyati ◽  
Sri Indra Maiyanti ◽  
Oki Dwipurwani ◽  
Shaly Wanda Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bean Sprouts

This research purpose is to analyze the relationship between food intake factors (fruit, soy, milk, caffeine, red meat, garlic, ginger, seafood, cheese, green tea, brown rice, wheat, potatoes, bean sprouts, mustard greens, soft drinks and alcohol) on hazard of  endometriosis recurrence, using the Cox proportional hazard model backward method. The results of the food intake factors that significantly reduced the risk of endometriosis recurrence are fruit 1-4 times/week (p-value 0.01), fruit 5-7 1-4 times/week (p-value 0.08), mustard greens 1-7 times/week (p-value 0.006), bean sprouts 3-7 (p-value 0.007) and seafood times/week. Factors that increase the risk of endometriosis recurrence are consumption of milk 3-4 times/week (p-value 0.004), seafood 1-2 times (p-value 0.00), soy 1-2 times/week (p-value 0.002), and 3-7 times/week (p-value 0.001). Soy consumption 1-2 and 3-7 times/week are likely to relapse 30.3 and 43.9 times compared to soy consumption <1 times/week. Consumption of milk 3-4 times/week has a risk of relapse 24 times compared to consume milk <1 times/week

scholarly journals Determinants of Infant and Child Mortality in Bangladesh: Time Trends and Comparisons across South Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Karmaker ◽  
S Lahiry ◽  
D C Roy ◽  
B Singha
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

In spite of various effective intervention programs, the under-5 child mortality rate (U5MR) is still high in Bangladesh. The present paper focused on the levels, trends and determinants of U5MR in Bangladesh utilizing data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2007. Differential pattern in U5MR in Bangladesh was examined using life table technique as a bi-variate analysis and Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the determinants of U5MR mortality. Data from BDHS (2007) showed that U5MR during the five years preceding the survey was 65 per 1,000 live births, i.e. one in fifteen children born in Bangladesh died before reaching the fifth birthday. The risk of dying in the first month of life (37 per 1,000) was nearly two and a half times greater than in the subsequent 11 months (15 per 1,000). Deaths in the neonatal period accounted for 57 percent of all under-five deaths. In the Cox proportional hazard model analysis, factors such as the place of residence, parent’s education, father’s working status, sources of drinking water, type of toilet facility, wealth status, watching of television, mother’s age, months of breastfeeding, birth interval had significant influence on infant and child mortality. The most significant predictors of neonatal, post-neonatal, infant and child mortality were residence, parent’s education, type of toilet facility, wealth status, watching TV, months of breastfeeding, and birth interval. Despite the improvement of medical technology, child mortality remained alarmingly high, indicating that demographic, socioeconomic, household and environmental conditions must be improved to substantially reduce child mortality in this population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i4.20590 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(4) 2014 p.431-437

scholarly journals A Study of Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay of COVID-19 Patients by Cox-Proportional Hazard Model in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110002
Author(s):  
Gayathri Thiruvengadam ◽  
Marappa Lakshmi ◽  
Ravanan Ramanujam
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
South Indian

Background: The objective of the study was to identify the factors that alter the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients so we have an estimate of the duration of hospitalization of patients. To achieve this, we used a time to event analysis to arrive at factors that could alter the length of hospital stay, aiding in planning additional beds for any future rise in cases. Methods: Information about COVID-19 patients was collected between June and August 2020. The response variable was the time from admission to discharge of patients. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the factors that were associated with the length of hospital stay. Results: A total of 730 COVID-19 patients were included, of which 675 (92.5%) recovered and 55 (7.5%) were considered to be right-censored, that is, the patient died or was discharged against medical advice. The median length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized was found to be 7 days by the Kaplan Meier curve. The covariates that prolonged the length of hospital stay were found to be abnormalities in oxygen saturation (HR = 0.446, P < .001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 0.742, P = .003), levels of D-dimer (HR = 0.60, P = .002), lactate dehydrogenase (HR = 0.717, P = .002), and ferritin (HR = 0.763, P = .037). Also, patients who had more than 2 chronic diseases had a significantly longer length of stay (HR = 0.586, P = .008) compared to those with no comorbidities. Conclusion: Factors that are associated with prolonged length of hospital stay of patients need to be considered in planning bed strength on a contingency basis.

scholarly journals POS1329 A COHORT STUDY ON THE RISK OF DEVELOPING OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA, TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS AND CRANIOFACIAL DEFORMITIES IN PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 947.1-947
Author(s):  
K. S. K. MA ◽  
L. T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background:Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), an autoimmune disease, has been proposed to be comorbid with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Objectives:We aimed at identifying the relationship between JIA and OSA.Methods:We performed a cohort study including JIA and OSA patients from 1999 to 2013. A total of 2791 patients diagnosed with OSA after JIA onset were recruited, which 11,164 eligible individuals without JIA history were selected as matched-controls. A Cox proportional hazard model was developed to estimate the risk of OSA in JIA patients. A cumulative probability model was adopted to assess the time-dependent effect of JIA on OSA development, implying the casual link of the association. To identify whether JIA patients have higher risks for developing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, craniofacial anomalies and deformities than non-JIA individuals, subgroup analyses was conducted. Finally, Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) was conducted to identify underlying mechanisms of the above disease correlation among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from rheumatic factor (RF)-positive and RF-negative JIA patients, and subcutaneous fat tissues from OSA patients, using p-value visualization for RNA-seq analyses.Results:The Cox proportional hazard model showed that JIA patients were more likely to have OSA than non-JIA individuals (adjusted hazard ratio =1.949, 95% CI =1.264–3.005). The incidence of developing OSA was particularly high among patients who developed JIA aged 18-30 years old (aHR= 2.034, 95% CI=1.305-3.169) and males (aHR=1.82, 95% CI=1.121-2.954). The risk of developing OSA increased within 0-36 months (aHR = 2.216, 95% CI = 1.001 – 4.907) and over 60 months (aHR = 2.558, 95% CI = 1.346 – 4.860) of follow-up duration after JIA onset. Subgroup analyses showed that JIA patients were more likely to have TMJ disorders (relative risk = 2.047, 95% CI = 1.446-2.898) and to receive treatment for craniofacial deformities (RR = 1.722, 95% CI = 1.38-2.148) than non-JIA controls. IPA analyses suggested that the underlying mechanisms involved activation of antigen presentation pathway followed by antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as B cell development.Conclusion:Our findings identified high risks of developing OSA, TMJ disorders, and craniofacial deformities following JIA onset, which the underlying mechanisms may involve both cellular and humoral immunity.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitor is a risk factor for recurrence of common bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy – propensity score matching analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. E291-E296
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Fukuba ◽  
Shunji Ishihara ◽  
Hiroki Sonoyama ◽  
Noritsugu Yamashita ◽  
Masahito Aimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Common Bile Duct Stones ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Bile Duct Stones ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background and study aims Recurrence of common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) can lead to deterioration in their quality of life. Although the pathology and related factors are unclear, we speculated that proton pump inhibiter (PPI) administration increases the risk of CBDS recurrence by altering the bacterial mixture in the bile duct. Patients and methods The primary endpoint of this retrospective study was recurrence-free period. Several independent variables considered to have a relationship with CBDS recurrence including PPI use were analyzed using a COX proportional hazard model, with potential risk factors then evaluated by propensity score matching analysis. Results A total of 219 patients were analyzed, with CBDS recurrence found in 44. Analysis of variables using a COX proportional hazard model demonstrated that use of PPIs and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), as well as the presence of periampullary diverticula (PD) each had a hazard ratio (HR) value greater than 1 (HR 2.2, P = 0.007; HR 2.0, P = 0.02; HR 1.9, P = 0.07; respectively). Furthermore, propensity score matching analysis revealed that the mean recurrence-free period in the oral PPI cohort was significantly shorter as compared with the non-PPI cohort (1613 vs. 2587 days, P = 0.014). In contrast, neither UDCA administration nor PD presence was found to be a significant factor in that analysis (1557 vs. 1654 days, P = 0.508; 1169 vs. 2011 days, P = 0.121; respectively). Conclusion Our results showed that oral PPI administration is a risk factor for CBDS recurrence in patients who undergo ES.

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