scholarly journals Clinical and Endoscopic Characteristics of Medication Induced Esophageal Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Mohammad Quamrul Hasan ◽  
Nelson Taposh Mondal ◽  
Irin Perveen ◽  
MM Shahin Ul Islam ◽  
Md Khalequzzaman Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Esophageal Injury ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Alendronate Sodium ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Oesophageal Ulcer ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Oesophageal Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Endoscopic Characteristics

Medications can cause several complications in the esophagus and lead to medication-induced esophageal injury. This study was carried out among patients diagnosed as medication-induced esophageal injury from June 2015 to October, 2018 in the Department of Gastroenterology, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Dhaka to investigate clinical and endoscopic characteristics of medication-induced esophageal injury as well as outcome of these patients with treatment. Patients diagnosed as malignancy, viral or fungal esophagitis, esophageal varix, corrosive and sclerotherapy induced ulcer and GERD were excluded. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients diagnosed as medication-induced injury were analyzed. After given treatment, clinical improvements as well as mucosal healing of oesophageal injury were noted. Thirty seven patients were diagnosed as medication-induced esophageal injury. Their median age was 40; 17 were males and 20 were females. Common symptoms were chest pain (94.6 %), odynophagia (78.4 %) and dysphagia (62.2 %). Symptoms appeared between 3 hours to 15 hours after ingestion of medication. Predisposing factors for 75.67% of the patients were related to taking the medicine with insufficient water or in recumbent position, or both. The main causative agents were antibiotics, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Alendronate sodium. Common diseases that required treatment with these drugs were various urinary system diseases, osteoporosis and migraine. During endoscopy, 25 had only ulcer, 7 had only erosion and 5 had both ulcer and erosion. Most of the ulcers and erosions were located at the middle third of the oesophagus with a rate of 70%, and 58.3% respectively. Appearance of the ulcer was oval, circular, kissing and geographical shaped and their sizes vary between 6 mm to 18 mm and single or multiple in numbers. All the patients were treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or sucralfate, and the causative drugs were discontinued. Symptoms resolution occurred within 5 to 12 days after treatment and mucosal healing were detected in all patients after 4 weeks who were performed endoscopy. Almost every kind of medication, particularly doxycycline, NSAIDs can cause oesophageal ulcer and erosion. It can be successfully treated with PPIs and discontinuation of the causative medication and prevented by warning patients about drinking water sufficiently and sitting up while taking the pill. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2019;14(1): 2-7

scholarly journals Gynecomastia in a Patient Taking Meloxicam—A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272095262
Author(s):  
Steven L. Rosas ◽  
Mark E. Deyo-Svendsen ◽  
Rachel Z. Oldfather ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
T. Andrew Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Glandular Tissue ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Antiretroviral Medications ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of glandular tissue in the male breast. It occurs due to an imbalance of estrogen and testosterone. It may be unilateral or bilateral. Physiologic gynecomastia commonly occurs in infants and during puberty and is self-limited. Gynecomastia may affect up to 50% of adult men over age 50 years old and can be related to underlying medical illness or caused by certain medications. Known causative agents include anti-androgenic and estrogenic drugs. Probable agents include alcohol and anti-ulcer, psychoactive, and antiretroviral medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not commonly associated with the development of gynecomastia. This case presents an instance in which the NSAID, meloxicam, was the only identified variable in a patient who developed unilateral gynecomastia. His breast tenderness and abnormal exam resolved spontaneously within 4 weeks of cessation of meloxicam therapy.

scholarly journals Pattern of adverse drug reactions reported to the regional Pharmacovigilance center at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durga Bista ◽  
Bal Ram Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Rai ◽  
Akhilesh Chandra Jauhari ◽  
Vishnu Kant Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Causality Assessment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Preliminary Stage ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Probable Relationship ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Center ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

The Pharmacovigilance program in Nepal is at very preliminary stage. Present study analyzed the pattern, causality, severity and preventability of the reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to the Pharmacovigilance center at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), from June 2007 to July 2011. A total of 40 ADR cases were reported, among which 23 (57.5%) were in males and 17 (42.5%) in females. Nineteen (47.5%) ADRs were reported in the age group between 21-40 years. Department of Medicine reported 12(30%) ADRs. Among the total ADRs, antibiotics [n=17, (42.5%)] were responsible for most of the reactions followed by non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [n=5, (12.5%)]. Most of the drugs were found to affect dermatological system [n=14, (35%)]. Carbamazepine accounted for 5 (12.5%) ADRs. The causality assessment showed 34 (85%) of the ADRs to have a ‘probable’ relationship with the suspected reaction.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v26i1.6633JNPA. XXVI(1) 2012 54-61

scholarly journals The efficacy of local corticosteroid injection in the treatment of trigger finger

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Bishnu Dev Sharma ◽  
Deb Narayan Sah
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Steroid Injection ◽  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Trigger Finger ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Background and Objectives: Trigger finger is a condition that causes triggering, snapping or locking on flexion of the involved digit. Treatment modalities are conservative (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, splints or corticosteroid injections) or operative (percutaneous or open release of A1 pulley- the first annular pulley of the fibro-osseous sheath of the fingers situated at the level of the metacarpophalengeal joint). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroid injection for trigger finger in adults.Material and Methods: Fifty patients with 54 trigger digits were treated by one or two injections of methylprednisolone acetate with 1% lignocaine. Patients were followed-up for a period of 6 months.Results: Symptoms and signs resolved in 79.63% of the injected digits. Local adverse reactions to steroid injection- pain at the injection site and steroid flare were self-limiting. There was no tendon rupture or post-injection infection.Conclusion: The study concludes that steroid injection is an effective first line treatment for trigger finger in most patients.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 13-18

scholarly journals Paper patching in traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Vinod Shinde ◽  
Sudeep Choudhary ◽  
Mayur Ingale ◽  
Paresh Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Spontaneous Healing ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Group B ◽  
Random Groups

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Traumatic perforations are not new for ENT surgeons. The dictum for treatment is to keep the ear dry and leave the tympanic membrane to heal by itself. Most of the time it heals completely, but if it does not, a tympanoplasty is required.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 144 patients of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation, who reported in the outdoor patient department of Otorhinolaryngology, at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical college, DPU, Pune, were divided in two random groups; Group A was treated with standard treatment while Group B was treated with patching of perforation as an adjuvant to standard treatment. A simple paper, (from the envelop of gel foam) was used for this procedure. The standard taught and performed treatment for a tympanic membrane perforation is administering antibiotics, antihistaminic and anti-inflammatory drugs and keeping the ear dry; leaving the perforation for spontaneous healing.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Group A 75% perforations had healed while in Group B 97.22% perforations healed completely.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Paper patching supports the healing tympanic membrane and significantly improves the chances of spontaneous healing thus reducing the requirement of surgical intervention.</p>

scholarly journals Ofloxacin/ tinidazole induced fixed drug eruption- a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Monika Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Eruption ◽  
Fixed Drug Eruption ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction

Introduction: An immunological cutaneous adverse drug reaction is distinguished as sharply defined lesions with red rashes and sharp borders, erythematous lesions with or without blisters developing within an hour or in a few cases within a week after drug administration is termed as fixed drug eruptions (FDE). FDE is one of the major forms of drug-induced dermatosis. Various class of drugs that are causative agents for FDE includes antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antivirals, and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). FDE is easily recognized and differentiated from other drug eruptions since it does not occur voluntarily or during infection. Case report: This case report is to spotlight the case of a 52-year-old male patient who was undergoing treatment for acute gastroenteritis and suffered from FDE due to administration of IV Ofloxacin.

scholarly journals Prescribing Pattern of NSAIDs in Orthopedic Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Kazi Afzalur Rahman ◽  
AHM Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Sanjida Akhter ◽  
Khadeza Khatun ◽  
Rumana Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
List Type ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Orthopedic Department ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Context : Drug therapy is the most commonly used method in disease treatment in general practice. The pattern of drug prescription are often inappropriate and need for registration of these patterns is essentian in an effort to improve prescribing standard. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that groups together drugs that provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reliefing) effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are the most common drugs prescribed in the world over specially in the orthopedic department. The study of prescribing pattern of NSAIDs in the orthopedic department was conducted to monitor, evaluate and if necessary suggest modification in the prescribing behavior of the medical practitioner to make it rational and cost effective.Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 300 (Three hundred) prescriptions from both admitted and outpatients (OPD) of the orthopedic department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. The check list type of data was collected with prior permission from the concern department and the authority. The study was cross sectional analytical type and was conducted in the department of Pharmacology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2010 to June 2011.Result : In case of OPD patients most common NSAIDs prescribed to the patients were aceclofenac (44.7%); followed by diclofenac (23.3%). Other NSAIDs were naproxen, ketorolac and ibuprofen 8%, 15.3% and 5.4% respectively. In case of admitted patients most common NSAIDs prescribed to the patients were ketorolac (54.7%) followed by diclofenac (24.0%).Conclusion: Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs were the main prescription drug for both indoor and outdoor patients in the orthopedic department. Aceclofenac in outdoor and ketorolac in indoor were the most common NSAIDs drug used.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 25, No.1, April, 2016, Page 58-60

scholarly journals Incidence and Determinants of Health Care Associated Blood Stream Infection at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Ujjain, India: A Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Dhaneria ◽  
Sachin Jain ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Causative Agents

Very little is known about healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in resource-limited settings including, India. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence, onset, risk factors and causative agents of laboratory confirmed blood stream (LBCI) as a HAI in a level-2 NICU at RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India. The diagnosis of HAI was established using the Centre for Disease Control, USA criteria. A predesigned questionnaire containing risk factors associated with BSHAI was filled. A total of 150 neonates (43% preterm) were included in the study. The incidence of LBCI was 31%; 56% of which was late onset sepsis. The independent risk factors for LBCI were: preterm (Odds Ratio OR 3.22), duration of NICU stay more than 14 days (OR 2.38), chorioamnionitis in the mother (OR 18.48), neonate born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (OR 4.53), mal-presentation (OR 10.58), endotracheal intubation (OR 11.60), umbilical catheterization (OR 15.11), HAI due to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR 11.88). Initiation of minimal enteral nutrition was protective (OR 0.15). The predominant causative organisms were Gram-negative pathogens (58%). Among Klebsiella spp. and E. coli isolates, 73 and 80%, respectively were identified as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. The results can be used to identify high-risk neonates for LBCI.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KANCHIPURAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
NITHYA PANNEERSELVAM ◽  
PARIMALA KADHIRVELU ◽  
REVATHI SOMASUNDARAM ◽  
SOUNDARRAJAN JAYAPRAKASH
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the pattern of various types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) and its relation to therapeutic agents. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute. Pharmacovigilance reports collected from 2017 to 2019 which were probable and certain by the WHO causality assessment were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used. Values were expressed in numbers and percentage. Results: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of 40 patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria, of which 22 were female (55%) and 18 males (45%). Patients aged <50 years had more incidence (77.5%) of ADRs. Cutaneous manifestations contributed to major ADRs (67.5%). CADRs were more common with antibiotics (55.5%) followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (14.6%). Conclusion: The most common therapeutic agent of CADRs were antibiotics (fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins) and the frequent cutaneous manifestation was urticaria.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Cancer cervix and its causative agents among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescent women in rural Medical College in Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Ravi M. Raval ◽  
Vaibhav B. Patil ◽  
Pradnya P. Thaware
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Hpv Knowledge ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the knowledge of human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected female adolescents attending Antenatal OPD in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India.Methods: Subjects were recruited randomly from OPD attending patients.  A total of 30 subjects, 15 HIV-infected and 15 HIV-uninfected were selected via randomization and completed a measure of HPV knowledge, based on a previously validated instrument. The study took place in December 2017.Results: The overall mean score on the measure for all subjects was 43.3% (S.D. 10.9). There was no significant difference in HPV knowledge between the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups. Based on results from a previous large-scale study using the same validated measure, this sample scored significantly worse on general HPV knowledge than samples from the other studies.Conclusions: Given the limited knowledge of HPV in this sample, there is greater need for education about the prevention of cervical cancer, specifically among high-risk adolescent women.

scholarly journals A comparative study on self medication practices in ACSR Government medical college in Nellore, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Sree Nagamani Penupothu ◽  
Lalitha Hanumanthu
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Self medication is rampant in medical undergraduates. There is a need to evaluate the extent and factors that govern self medication. This study was conducted in 7th semester and 5th semester undergraduates to compare the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self medication.Methods: It is a questionnaire based study in a total of 294 medical students comprising 147 students each belonging to 7th and 5th semesters to assess determinants and practice methods of self medication in the past one year.Results: 100% of 7th semester and 90% of 5th semester students self medicated. Majority followed modern medicine. Awareness of OTC drugs, essential drugs and generic drugs was not optimum. Students self medicated based on old prescriptions and text books for perceived mild illnesses like common cold, fever and headache. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antihistamines were most commonly used. Not all students checked package insert prior to use.Conclusions: Self medication practice is more pronounced in 7th semester than in 5th semester students. 7th semester students used diverse drugs compared to 5th semester students who used limited groups of drugs.

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