scholarly journals Acid violence: a burning issue in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulshan Ara Akhter ◽  
Farzana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Acid violence is a barbaric form of violence in Bangladesh. Acid violence also called acid throwing or vitriolage, is defined as the act of throwing of strong corrosives on face and body of a person with the intention of causing permanent disfiguration, intense pain, scarring and sometimes blindness. All of these injuries are considered as ‘grievous hurt’ under section 320 of B.P.C (Bangladesh Penal Code). For the last few years it is on the rise in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The perpetrators are mostly men and adolescent boys. The overwhelming majority of the victims are women and many of them are girls and young females. Recently, however, there have been acid attacks on children, older women and also men. These attacks are often the result of family and land dispute, dowry demands or a desire for revenge due to failure in love affairs or marriage proposals. It is considered as one of the extreme forms of repression and violation of women’s right. This review article is aimed to focus on the present situation of this barbaric act of vengeance against women and young adolescent girls with regard to frequency, causes, long term consequences and creating public awareness on the issue by tightly regulating the sale and transport of acid as well as enacting harsher penalties for perpetrators. Data collection is based on information from Dhaka Medical College hospital, One Stop Crisis Center (OCC), Acid Survivors’ Foundation, Naripokkho Action Aid and several Dhaka based organizations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v7i1.17744 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(1): 18-20

scholarly journals Violence against Women - A Study Done in the One-Stop Crisis Centre (OCC) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Khanom ◽  
DK Saha ◽  
K Begum ◽  
J Nur ◽  
S Tanira
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Stop

Objective: This study aims to describe main perpetrator of violence area and prevention of violence against women. Study design: A cross sectional study was carried out in One-stop Crisis Centre (OCC) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of June 2006 to May 2007. Methods: 284 victims reported in OCC during the study period were selected as cases for the study and quantitative information was collected from them using cross sectional for the present study. Results: Study shows that most of the violence is done by husband (46.48%) and prevalence is more in rural areas (80.98%) in comparison to urban area (19.02%). Physical assault is the most common type of violence (50.35%), followed by sexual assault (36.63%) and burn (13.02%) Housewives are tortured more (67%). Conclusion: Proper implementation of existing rules and community based interventions for raising awareness about the domestic violence against women are recommended. Key words: Violence against women; assault; human rights; one-stop crisis centre (OCC); Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i2.7077J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(2) : 98-101

scholarly journals Screening for various non communicable diseases: a community based multi-diagnostic mega camp approach study from Raichur, Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amruth Reddy S. ◽  
Sai Anurag Reddy A. ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Community Based ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Part

Background: The 77% of all non-communicable illnesses (NCDs) deaths are in low-and middle-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.9 million people annually, followed by cancers (9.3 million), respiratory diseases (4.1 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). These 4 groups of diseases account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths. Objective was to study prevalence of NCDs and its trends with respect to age and gender.Methods: The present community based descriptive observational study was conducted at Navodaya medical college hospital and research centre, Raichur that caters Urban and rural area of Raichur. The 4063 apparently healthy population from urban and rural part of Raichur were screened during the multi diagnostic mega camp at urban and rural areas around Raichur during the period of January to September 2021. Results: Prevalence of diabetes in our study was 46.3%, hypertension 45.3%, cataract 46.3% and COPD as 20.7%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in 41-60 years i.e., 41.6%.  Prevalence of hypertension was more in 41-50 years i.e., 25.3%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in males i.e., 54.1%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in males i.e., 50.8%.Conclusions: Prevalence of all NCDs was more in above 40 years and more in males except COPD.

scholarly journals Awareness about cervical cancer screening among reproductive aged women attending gynaecology outpatient department in ESI PGIMSR & ESIC medical college & Hospital, Joka, Kolkata

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Susmita Chaudhuri ◽  
Rekha Dutt ◽  
Shweta Goswami ◽  
Joydeb Roychowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women especially India. The mainstay of prevention rests on early detection of cases through screening. So, this study aims to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer screening, Human papilloma virus & its vaccination status. Methods: This was an observational study of cross-sectional design conducted among the adult reproductive aged women (18-45 years) visiting Gynaecology OPD at ESI-PGIMSR and ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka. A pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule was prepared. Face to face interview was conducted in local language. Data was compiled & computed in SPSS software version 20. Results: Total respondents were 97. Majority of the respondents (62.9%) belong to the age group of 21-30 years. 8 in 10 participants follow Hinduism. Almost equal percentages of participants were from urban & rural areas (51.5% & 48.5% respectively). 6 in 10 participants had heard about cervical cancer. Majority of the respondents (55%) mentioned friends & family as a source of information. 48.3% of the respondents knew poor genital hygiene as a predisposing risk factor for cervical cancer. Very few knew about other factors like multiple sexual partner (20%), early marriage (33.3%), young age (20%), repeated childbirth (35%), OCP usage (26.7%) as risk factors for cervical cancer. Only one participant had undergone screening test for cervical cancer (1.7%). 46.7% of the respondents were aware about association of HPV infection with cervical cancer. But none of the participants had received vaccine against cervical cancer & they cited lack of awareness as a reason for not receiving the vaccine. Conclusions: A well-designed health education program focusing on effective multipronged IEC strategies utilizing pictorials, audio-visual and personal communication on cervical cancer could yield beneficial results. 

Marital Satisfaction Among Spouses of Male Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Humayoon Akbar ◽  
Sudhakar S. ◽  
Shanthi B. ◽  
Khadeja Bi ◽  
Jayaseelan R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

BACKGROUND One third of Indians consume alcohol and there is an alarming annual increase in alcohol consumption. Majority of spouses of alcohol dependent males are also the primary care-takers of their husbands and are at risk of domestic violence. Marital dissatisfaction could reduce their involvement in getting their spouses treated for alcohol dependence. Our aim was to study the marital satisfaction among the spouses of patients with alcohol dependence. METHODOLOGY This study was conducted on spouses of male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome attending the psychiatry department of a tertiary care medical college hospital in Kanchipuram District in Tamilnadu. 200 consecutive male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome using the ICD 10 criteria were recruited. Severity of alcohol dependence was assessed using Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD). Marital satisfaction among the spouses was assessed using ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale. Analysis of the data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. RESULTS The mean age of alcohol dependent men and their spouses were 43.05±9.39 and 37.58±8.86 years respectively. Most of the spouses (83.5%) had done their primary education only and 50% were house-wives (unemployed). Majority of men earned between Rs.5000 to 10,000 and most of them were unskilled workers belonging to the lower socio-economic group in the rural areas. The mean SADD and EMS scores were 25.05 ± 8.891 and 31.76 ± 14.45 respectively. 74% of men in our study population were highly dependent on alcohol. Amongst the spouses of men with severe dependence 68.9% reported moderate and 28.3% reported low marital satisfaction. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION Majority of alcohol dependent men suffered from severe dependence. An inverse relationship between marital satisfaction scores and severity of alcohol dependence was observed. Alcohol dependence and its severity was noted to have an adverse impact on marital satisfaction among spouses of the dependent patients.

A Regional Approach to Mobility Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Morgan D. Vogel ◽  
Robert Blair ◽  
Jerome Deichert
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Across the United States there is increased pressure for communities, especially in states like Nebraska, to engage in sustainable transportation infrastructure development. Through a case study of an ongoing statewide transportation initiative in nonmetropolitan Nebraska, this chapter examines transportation sustainability and planning from a regional and collaborative perspective. The Nebraska effort can be adapted to other states with significant rural and dispersed population centers. Funded by the state and the federal governments, Nebraska's transportation initiative, using an innovative public-private partnership, is creating and enhancing regional transit services in small urban and rural areas, using public transportation as a means to promote long-term economic growth and sustainability. Smaller urban and micropolitan communities, often serving as regional growth centers, frequently are overlooked when it comes to research on transportation planning and policy.

scholarly journals A Traditional Closed-Loop Sanitation System in a Chronic Emergency: A Qualitative Study from Afghanistan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Jean Lapegue ◽  
Jutta Gutberlet ◽  
Jan Franklin Adamowski ◽  
Caetano C. Dorea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The World ◽  
Smart Community ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Sanitation Systems

The use of closed-loop sanitation systems (CLSS), or reuse-oriented sanitation systems, has increased in recent years, and such systems have been successfully implemented in many parts of the world. However, no research has explored Traditional CLSS (T-CLSS) for a long-term humanitarian situation. This study explores the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of T-CLSS in peri-urban and rural contexts in three different provinces in Afghanistan (the first study of its kind in Afghanistan). Participatory research tools, such as transect walks, focus group discussions, smart community gatherings and interactive workshops, were applied to assess the SWOT associated with T-CLSS. The results indicate that T-CLSS has been practiced historically in both peri-urban and rural areas using local and traditional knowledge, skills and technologies. The socio-cultural acceptance of the system in both rural and peri-urban areas is an important strength of this established system. However, due to chronic development challenges in the study regions, T-CLSS may possibly lead to exposure to microbial contaminants. It is recommended that the feasibility of an improved CLSS be assessed and implemented in light of the issues that are inherent in the use of T-CLSS in Afghanistan.

Cities and Urban Patriciates

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The 1960S

Urban centers had an influence on the development of Renaissance Europe disproportionate to their overall demographic importance. Most of the population continued to live and work in the countryside, but towns and cities functioned as key centers of production, consumption and exchange, political control, ecclesiastical organization, and cultural influence. Historians still debate the relative roles of urban and rural areas in facilitating the development of capitalism in the long term. Writing on urban history has a very long pedigree dating back to the 16th century, but as an academic discipline it began to flourish in the late 19th century. Since the 1960s, the range of approaches to the field has widened considerably from concerns with political and economic organization to take in issues of governance, social structure, and, most recently, overlapping urban cultures. The role of religious belief, particularly in the context of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation, runs as a thread throughout the history of the urban experience.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes of Subcarpathian Province's inhabitants towards organ transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Moskal-Szybka ◽  
Justyna Borek
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractIntroduction. Transplantation (from Latin transplantare – transplant and plantare – plant), also called organ transplantation, is a safe, effective, and in some cases the only available treatment method giving hope for recovery for patients with end-stage organ failure (such as failure of heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, pancreas). It involves replacement of a diseased organ or tissue with healthy one obtained from another person. It is a specific treatment that requires social acceptance. Despite the efforts being made by the Polish transplantation community, low public awareness and lack of knowledge on organ donation are still significant barriers to the development of transplantation program in Poland [1].Objective. Recognition of knowledge and attitudes of Subcarpathian Province’s inhabitants towards organ transplantation.Material and methods. The survey conducted in 2018 included 187 inhabitants of urban and rural areas of the Subcarpathian Province with non-medical background. A method of diagnostic survey with a questionnaire was used. The research tool was a proprietary questionnaire containing mostly single-choice questions. The questions in the survey were closed-ended.Results and conclusons. The level of knowledge of most respondents (56.9% of the respondents from urban areas and 57.4% of the respondents from rural areas) was moderate. High level of knowledge was presented by fewer respondents: 34.7% of those from urban areas and 31.3% of those from rural areas. Low level of knowledge was reported by 8.3% and 11.3% of the respondents from urban and rural areas, respectively. No significant differences in knowledge of organ transplantation were seen between the respondents from urban and rural areas. The results of this research show insufficient knowledge concerning organ transplantation in the surveyed population. Most respondents declare their willingness to donate organs when needed. Both our research presented in this paper and reports by other authors suggest the need for educating the public in order to encourage broad social acceptance for transplant medicine.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mini-Mental State Examination (Mmse) and Bangla Mini-Mental State Examination (Mmse-B) Among Healthy Elderly in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapon Kumar Ghose ◽  
Ahmed Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
ATM Hasibul Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Zillur Rahman Khan ◽  
ASM Rezaul Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of modified Bangla version of mini mental state examination (MMSE-B) with mini mental state examination (MMSE) for using among Bangladeshi healthy elderly.Methods: This is a descriptive type of observational study carried out in Department of Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December of 2013. A total of 200 healthy elderly (patient attendants at the clinic) who met the inclusion criteria, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing information on age, sex, residence, educational backgrounds and questions set at MMSE English version (MMSE-E) and modified Bangla version for MMSE-B (Figure-1). MMSE and MMSE-B both were applied in 1:1 ration. The literate people were asked whether they are comfortable to answer in English (MMSE-E) or they would like the translated form and we applied the form of MMSE (MMSE-T) according to their wish. But in other group of people the modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) was used irrespective of level of education.Results: The mean age at presentation was 58.1±7.8 and 94% were within 50-70 years of age. Male were more common (80, 66) in both the groups and most of them belonging to rural areas. MMSE-B were mostly employed on people having only primary level of education (up to class five, n=80) or no education (n=2), whereas MMSE-E were employed up on people having a level of education higher than class five (n=96). Every question in each item of cognitive domain correlated well (correlation co-efficient range from 0.801- 0.971) except the 7th (correlation co-efficient 0.418) which had higher mean score for MMSE-B than those of MMSE-E (0.90 versus 0.54). The mean score of MMSE-B was greater than the mean score of MMSE-E for most of questions except the 1st question that is related to orientation of time. The mean of total score in MMSE-E and MMSE-B were 24.04 and 24.91 respectively with a correlation co-efficient of 0.940.Conclusion: MMSE-B is comparable to MMSE and it is even better in some segments of cognitive assessment for using among Bangladeshi people irrespective of level of education.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 30-35

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