Screening for various non communicable diseases: a community based multi-diagnostic mega camp approach study from Raichur, Karnataka

Background: The 77% of all non-communicable illnesses (NCDs) deaths are in low-and middle-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.9 million people annually, followed by cancers (9.3 million), respiratory diseases (4.1 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). These 4 groups of diseases account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths. Objective was to study prevalence of NCDs and its trends with respect to age and gender.Methods: The present community based descriptive observational study was conducted at Navodaya medical college hospital and research centre, Raichur that caters Urban and rural area of Raichur. The 4063 apparently healthy population from urban and rural part of Raichur were screened during the multi diagnostic mega camp at urban and rural areas around Raichur during the period of January to September 2021. Results: Prevalence of diabetes in our study was 46.3%, hypertension 45.3%, cataract 46.3% and COPD as 20.7%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in 41-60 years i.e., 41.6%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in 41-50 years i.e., 25.3%. Prevalence of diabetes was more in males i.e., 54.1%. Prevalence of hypertension was more in males i.e., 50.8%.Conclusions: Prevalence of all NCDs was more in above 40 years and more in males except COPD.

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Participation in community-based health care interventions (CBHIs) and its association with hypertension awareness, control and treatment in Indonesia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0244333

Author(s):

Sujarwoto Sujarwoto ◽

Asri Maharani

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Community Based ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Health Care Interventions ◽

Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽

Hypertension Awareness ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

And Control

Background Little attention has been paid to whether CBHIs improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the contexts of low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). This study therefore aims to examine participation in CBHIs for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and its association with awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among Indonesians. Methods This study used data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), drawn from 30,351 respondents aged 18 years and older. Participation in CBHIs was measured by respondents’ participation in CBHIs for NCDs (Posbindu PTM and Posbindu Lansia) during the 12 months prior to the survey. Logistic regressions were used to identify the relationships between participation in CBHIs for NCDs and awareness, treatment, and control of blood pressure among respondents with hypertension. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 31.2% and 29.2% in urban and rural areas, respectively. The overall age-adjusted prevalence was 30.2%. Approximately 41.8% of respondents with hypertension were aware of their condition, and only 6.6% of respondents were receiving treatment. Participation in CBHIs for NCDs was associated with 50% higher odds of being aware and 118% higher odds of receiving treatment among adults with hypertension. There was no significant association between participation in CBHIs for NCDs and controlled hypertension. Conclusion Our data emphasise the importance of CBHIs for NCDs to improve the awareness and treatment of hypertension in the Indonesian population.

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Acid violence: a burning issue in Bangladesh

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v7i1.17744 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gulshan Ara Akhter ◽

Farzana Islam

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Public Awareness ◽

College Hospital ◽

Young Females ◽

Medical College ◽

Land Dispute ◽

One Stop ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Acid violence is a barbaric form of violence in Bangladesh. Acid violence also called acid throwing or vitriolage, is defined as the act of throwing of strong corrosives on face and body of a person with the intention of causing permanent disfiguration, intense pain, scarring and sometimes blindness. All of these injuries are considered as grievous hurt under section 320 of B.P.C (Bangladesh Penal Code). For the last few years it is on the rise in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The perpetrators are mostly men and adolescent boys. The overwhelming majority of the victims are women and many of them are girls and young females. Recently, however, there have been acid attacks on children, older women and also men. These attacks are often the result of family and land dispute, dowry demands or a desire for revenge due to failure in love affairs or marriage proposals. It is considered as one of the extreme forms of repression and violation of womens right. This review article is aimed to focus on the present situation of this barbaric act of vengeance against women and young adolescent girls with regard to frequency, causes, long term consequences and creating public awareness on the issue by tightly regulating the sale and transport of acid as well as enacting harsher penalties for perpetrators. Data collection is based on information from Dhaka Medical College hospital, One Stop Crisis Center (OCC), Acid Survivors Foundation, Naripokkho Action Aid and several Dhaka based organizations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v7i1.17744 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(1): 18-20

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Urbanisation and asthma in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the urban–rural differences in asthma prevalence

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211793 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (11) ◽

pp. 1020-1030 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alejandro Rodriguez ◽

Elizabeth Brickley ◽

Laura Rodrigues ◽

Rebecca Alice Normansell ◽

Mauricio Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Asthma Prevalence ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundUrbanisation has been associated with temporal and geographical differences in asthma prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, little is known of the mechanisms by which urbanisation and asthma are associated, perhaps explained by the methodological approaches used to assess the urbanisation-asthma relationship.ObjectiveThis review evaluated how epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between asthma and urbanisation in LMICs, and explored urban/rural differences in asthma prevalence.MethodsAsthma studies comparing urban/rural areas, comparing cities and examining intraurban variation were assessed for eligibility. Included publications were evaluated for methodological quality and pooled OR were calculated to indicate the risk of asthma in urban over rural areas.ResultsSeventy articles were included in our analysis. Sixty-three compared asthma prevalence between urban and rural areas, five compared asthma prevalence between cities and two examined intraurban variation in asthma prevalence. Urban residence was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma, regardless of asthma definition: current-wheeze OR:1.46 (95% CI:1.22 to 1.74), doctor diagnosis OR:1.89 (95% CI:1.47 to 2.41), wheeze-ever OR:1.44 (95% CI:1.15 to 1.81), self-reported asthma OR:1.77 (95% CI:1.33 to 2.35), asthma questionnaire OR:1.52 (95% CI:1.06 to 2.16) and exercise challenge OR:1.96 (95% CI:1.32 to 2.91).ConclusionsMost evidence for the relationship between urbanisation and asthma in LMICs comes from studies comparing urban and rural areas. These studies tend to show a greater prevalence of asthma in urban compared to rural populations. However, these studies have been unable to identify which specific characteristics of the urbanisation process may be responsible. An approach to understand how different dimensions of urbanisation, using contextual household and individual indicators, is needed for a better understanding of how urbanisation affects asthma.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017064470.

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A Clinical Study on socio-demographic background in Ruptured Uterus Cases

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16692 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

N Roy ◽

K Nahar ◽

UK Sarker ◽

A Beg ◽

S Dhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Uterine Rupture ◽

Labour Pain ◽

Community Based ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Birth Attendants ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Demographic Background ◽

Ruptured Uterus

A study of 72 cases of uterine rupture out of total 5984 deliveries(including 3619 caesarean sections) over 1 year (from Sep. 2006 to Aug 2007) in the dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital was reported. This gives an incidence of uterine rupture 1: 83. The results showed that, this was a common obstetric emergency & was a major cause of maternal & foetal deaths. Study showed that, 87.5% came from rural areas where facility was not available, 79% were of poor socio-economic condition .All rupture uterus cases (100%)was house wife. Peak age was between 20-30 years (68%). Among all rupture cases, 72.22% cases were between gravida 2nd to 4th,and 19.44% cases were gravida 5th or above & only 8.33% cases were Primigravida, Most of the patients(56%) were illiterate. 46% of cases had no antenatal checkup during their pregnancies. 51.38% cases labour pain lasting>16 hours. Most of the mishandled cases (66.67%) were exposed to injudicious use of uterotonic drugs before admission. Most of the cases (38.9%) handled by untrained birth attendants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16692 Community Based Medical Journal 2013 July: Vol.02 No 02: 9-14

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Ankle–Brachial Index: An Ubiquitous Marker of Cognitive Impairment—The EPIDEMCA Study

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319717736608 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 497-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ileana Desormais ◽

Victor Aboyans ◽

Maëlenn Guerchet ◽

Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi ◽

Pascal Mbelesso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Central Africa ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Female Gender ◽

Biological Data ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Epidemiological research on the implication of atherosclerosis in the development of cognitive impairment is lacking in low- and middle-income countries, where two-thirds of the individuals affected by dementia live. Individuals aged ≥65 years living in urban and rural areas of 2 countries in Central Africa were invited. Demographic, clinical, and biological data were collected, and the ankle–brachial index (ABI) was measured. Cognitive impairment was defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) criteria. Among 1662 participants (age 72.9 years, 59.3% females), the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 13.6%, which is higher in individuals with ABI ≤ 0.90 and ABI ≥ 1.40 than those with 0.90 < ABI < 1.40 (20.1% and 17% vs 12%, P = .0024). Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with the factors such as age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.12, P < .0001), female gender (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.59-3.49, P < .0001), smoking (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06-2.23, P = .0026), and low ABI (≤0.90; OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03-2.25, P = .0359). The ABI, a ubiquitous marker of atherosclerosis, provides independent and incremental information on susceptibility to present with cognitive disorders.

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The demographic window of opportunity and economic growth at sub-national level in 91 developing countries

10.31235/osf.io/pytqe ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lamar Gerard Alfons Crombach ◽

Jeroen Smits

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Rural Areas ◽

National Level ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Dependency Ratios ◽

Detailed Classification ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Data for 91 low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) are used to investigate the effect of the demographic transition on economic growth at sub-national level. We introduce a detailed classification of demographic window (DW) phases, determine how these phases are distributed among and within LMICs, and analyze the relationship between the DW and economic growth for 1,921 urban and rural areas of sub-national regions. Many regions in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East have entered the window, but most of sub-Saharan Africa is still in the traditional or pre-window phase. Multilevel analyses reveal higher growth rates in areas with lower and decreasing dependency ratios. Demographic effects are stronger in rural, more developed and more educated regions. Findings indicate that, in the coming years, the DW might strengthen economic growth in rural areas of LMICs, and particularly if accompanied by investments in education and rural development.

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Management of severe acute malnutrition in low-income and middle-income countries

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-306026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 283-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Indi Trehan ◽

Mark J Manary

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Health Workers ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Community Based ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Environmental Enteropathy ◽

Fortified Milk

Kwashiorkor and marasmus, collectively termed severe acute malnutrition (SAM), account for at least 10% of all deaths among children under 5 years of age worldwide, virtually all of them in low-income and middle-income countries. A number of risk factors, including seasonal food insecurity, environmental enteropathy, poor complementary feeding practices, and chronic and acute infections, contribute to the development of SAM. Careful anthropometry is key to making an accurate diagnosis of SAM and can be performed by village health workers or even laypeople in rural areas. The majority of children can be treated at home with ready-to-use therapeutic food under the community-based management of acute malnutrition model with recovery rates of approximately 90% under optimal conditions. A small percentage of children, often those with HIV, tuberculosis or other comorbidities, will still require inpatient therapy using fortified milk-based foods.

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Spatial accessibility assessment to healthcare facilities: urban and rural areas

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130102004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 301 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Inna Čábelková ◽

Zhanna Gardanova ◽

Eduard Neimatov ◽

Vladimir Esaulov

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Spatial Accessibility ◽

Middle Income ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Large Pressure ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Social And Cultural Factors ◽

Political Economic

This research concentrates on the spatial accessibility assessment to healthcare facilities. Specifically, in doing so it compares the situation in urban and rural areas. In many countries, health inequalities continue to be a major public health challenge. Furthermore, there is also urbanization that occurs when people move from rural areas to urban areas. It leads to an increase in urban population and the extent of urban areas. Driven by population growth, many cities in low and middle-income countries are growing at record rates which puts large pressure on the healthcare system and facilities. Our research demonstrates that due to many political, economic, social and cultural factors, the current inequalities in health care between regions, urban and rural areas and different age and income groups are increasing. Thence, there is a pressing need for the improvement of the healthcare in the lagged regions and areas using such means as the advanced technologies, analysis of data, as well as targeted funding and assistance to those who need it the most.

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The Demographic Window of Opportunity and Economic Growth at Sub-National Level in 91 Developing Countries

Social Indicators Research ◽

10.1007/s11205-021-02802-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lamar Crombach ◽

Jeroen Smits

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Rural Areas ◽

National Level ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Window Of Opportunity ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Detailed Classification ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractData for low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) are used to investigate the effect of the demographic transition on economic growth at sub-national level. We introduce a detailed classification of demographic window phases, determine how these phases are distributed among and within LMICs, and analyze the relationship between the demographic window of opportunity (DWO) and economic growth for 1921 urban and rural areas of sub-national regions within 91 LMICs. Many areas in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East have entered the window, but most of Sub-Saharan Africa is still in the traditional or pre-window phase. Our analyses reveal higher growth rates in areas passing through the DWO. Positive growth effects are particularly strong in rural and more educated regions and in countries with lower levels of corruption. Policy measures aimed at effectively using the DW for achieving growth should combine investments in education and rural development with better governance.

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Suicidal Plans and Attempts Among Adolescents in Mongolia

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000447 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 330-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sarantsetseg Davaasambuu ◽

Suvd Batbaatar ◽

Susan Witte ◽

Phillip Hamid ◽

Maria A. Oquendo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Parental Support ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Suicidal Plans

Abstract. Background: Although 75% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries, few studies have examined suicidal behaviors among young people in these countries. Aims: This study aimed to examine what individual characteristics were associated with suicidal plans and attempts among Mongolian youth and whether suicidal risks and behaviors varied by urban and rural locations. Method: Logistic regression analyses were utilized to investigate suicidal plans and attempts among 5,393 adolescents using the Global Student Health Survey – 2013. Results: Adolescents who lived in urban areas were at higher risk for suicidal plans and behaviors than those who lived in rural areas; however, the patterns of suicidal risks were similar. Specifically, individual characteristics, such as being female, feeling lonely and worried, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and having fights at school, were associated with suicidal plans and behaviors regardless of the residential places. Limitations: A number of important variables have not been included in the questionnaire such as depression, family and parental support, household income, family constructs etc. Conclusion: Given the comparable patterns of risk between urban and rural adolescents and the relatively high rates of suicidal plans and attempts, similar mental health services and interventions are necessitated for both urban and rural areas.

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